2-level r-tree index based on spatial grids and Hilbert R-tree

IntroductionSpatial index is the data structure between spatialoperation algorithms and spatial data objects, and itis usually used to improve the efficiency of spatialdata operations. Spatial index is one of the funda-ment techniques to manage the spatia…     

Classification of glacial lakes using integrated approach of DFPS technique and gradient analysis using Sentinel 2A data

It is important to identify and locate glacial lakes for assessing any potential hazard. This study presents a combination of semi-automatic method Double-Window Flexible Pace Search (DFPS) and edge detection technique to identify glacial lakes using Sentinel 2A satellite data. Initially, Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) has been used to identify water and non-water areas, while DFPS and Edge detection technique has been used to identify an optimum threshold value to distinguish between water and shadow areas. The optimal threshold from DFPS process is 0.21, while threshold value of gradient magnitude using edge detection process is 0.318. The number of glacial lakes identified using the above algorithm is in close agreement with previously published results on glacial lakes in Gangotri glacier using different techniques. Thus, a combination of DFPS and edge detection process has successfully segregated glacial lakes from other features present in Gangotri glacier.     

高分二号卫星影像自适应模糊阈值法小波去噪

高分二号卫星影像提供了丰富的图像信息,高分二号影像数据的发布打破了我国高分辨率对地观测数据长期依赖进口的局面。但是图像在传输和保存过程中会有噪声干扰,如果感兴趣区域受到污染,则会导致该区域内的影像信息不能被充分利用。为了解决高分二号遥感影像去噪这一难题,本文采用自适应模糊阈值法去噪方式,该方法根据各个尺度下噪声方差建立的自适应模糊阈值函数非线性处理后,重新构造作为新的小波系数,经小波逆变换后得到去噪图像。通过与均值滤波器滤波、高斯平滑滤波、中值滤波器滤波、小波全局阈值去噪和Birge-Massart策略阈值法去噪比较,结果表明,自适应模糊阈值去噪法充分结合软硬阈值处理方式的优点,既保留图像细节又使图像更加平滑,图像整体信息完好,去噪效果更为理想。     

一种有效的高分辨率SAR目标特征提取与识别方法

提出了一种有效的高分辨率SAR目标特征提取与识别方法,根据SAR图像目标对多尺度Gabor滤波器组的不同响应,充分利用多尺度信息及尺度间的相依性提取新的多尺度特征,该特征综合考虑了SAR图像目标的宏观和微观固有的尺度特性,从而更能反映目标的本质特征;并利用Fisher核映射使得非线性变换比线性变换更能刻画实际中的复杂模式。实验给出了MSTAR数据库中三类目标特征的空间聚类及分类情况,结果表明了该多尺度特征的有效性。     

基于2.5维面的气象数据可视化技术——以风场数据显示为例

根据2.5维面的设计思想及曲面可视化的方法,结合部分气象数据信息具有相同的经纬度范围和海拔高度的特点,构造了基于温度和可降水量的2.5维面,并重点提出在2.5维面上进行风场流线可视化的方法。实践证明,应用2.5维面分析气象数据在一定程度上平衡了运算量和可视化结果之间的矛盾,对地理环境气象数据的分析和比较有帮助作用。     

EXCEL在高精度广东省第二次土地调查控制面积计算中的应用

行政区控制面积计算是第二次土地调查的一项重要工作。本文介绍了广东省第二次土地调查行政区控制面积计算的方法与生产过程,及各软件配合使用的情况、EXCEL的部分实用功能和运用EXCEL软件在本项目中计算、检查的一些应用案例和经验。     

Mapping the expansion of galamsey gold mines in the cocoa growing area of Ghana using optical remote sensing

Artisanal gold mining (galamsey) and cocoa farming are essential sources of income for local populations in Ghana. Unfortunately the former poses serious threats to the environment and human health, and conflicts with cocoa farming and other livelihoods. Timely and spatially referenced information on the extent of galamsey is needed to understand and limit the negative impacts of mining. To address this, we use multi-date UK-DMC2 satellite images to map the extent and expansion of galamsey from 2011 to 2015. We map the total area of galamsey in 2013 over the cocoa growing area, using k-means clustering on a cloud-free 2013 image with strong spectral contrast between galamsey and the surrounding vegetation. We also process a pair of hazy images from 2011 and 2015 with Multivariate Alteration Detection to map the 2011–2015 galamsey expansion in a subset, labelled the change area. We use a set of visually interpreted random sample points to compute bias-corrected area estimates. We also delineate an indicative impact zone of pollution proportional to the density of galamsey, assuming a maximum radius of 10 km. In the cocoa growing area of Ghana, the estimated total area of galamsey in 2013 is 27,839 ha with an impact zone of 551,496 ha. In the change area, galamsey has more than tripled between 2011 and 2015, resulting in 603 ha of direct encroachment into protected forest reserves. Assuming the same growth rate for the rest of the cocoa growing area, the total area of galamsey in 2015 is estimated at 43,879 ha. Galamsey is developing along most of the river network (Offin, Ankobra, Birim, Anum, Tano), with downstream pollution affecting both land and water.     

The use of WorldView-2 satellite imagery to model urban drainage system with low impact development (LID) Techniques

Within a wide range of best management practices for stormwater management in urban areas, there has been an increasing interest in source control measures. Source controls such as low-impact development (LID) techniques are potentially attractive as retrofit options for older developed areas that lack available land to implement conventional measures such as stormwater management ponds. Hence, distributed urban drainage models requiring detailed representation of developed drainage areas should be developed to accurately estimate the benefits that LIDs may provide. This study (1) presents a two-stage classification process on a high-resolution WorldView-2 image, and (2) demonstrates how to use the extracted land cover information in the subsequent hydrologic modelling and assessment of different LIDs’ performance. The proposed two-stage classification method achieved an overall accuracy of 80.6%, whereas a traditional pixel-based achieved 68.4% in classifying the same urban area into six land cover classes. From the classification results, the hydrologic properties of micro-subcatchments were imported in the United States Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model to assess the performance of LIDs. A reduction of run-off volume 18.2% and 37.1% was found with the implementation of porous pavement and bioretention, respectively, in a typical low-rise residential area located in the city of San Clemente, California, US. The study demonstrates the use of high-resolution remote sensing image to aid in evaluating LID retrofit options, and thus benefits in situations where detailed drainage area information is not available.     

基于点云空洞修复和TPS模型的数学形态学机载LIDAR滤波

在分析现有滤波算法的基础上,结合数据驱动和模型驱动式算子各自的优点,提出基于点云空洞修复和TPS变形模型的数学形态学机载LIDAR点云滤波,该方法首先提取和修复由水域造成的大面积点云空洞,采用多尺度形态学开算子作用于修复的数据,得到近似裸露地表面;然后利用2D空间的TPS变形模型,以近似地表面为基础,插值原始点云,根据插值与原始点云高程的差值大小去识别地面点和非地面点。通过定量分析,验证该方法不仅有较高的滤波精度,而且也能较好的保留裸露地表的细节特征,同时该方法有助于辅助人工处理,提高数据处理的质量。     

基于土地利用的三维景观格局指数变化分析

由于传统二维景观格局指数未考虑地形特征对景观格局指数的影响,为进一步研究地形结构对景观格局指数的影响,以重庆主城区为研究对象,利用ENVI5.2、ArcGIS10.5、Fragstats4.2平台,对重庆主城区不同城市化阶段的Landsat影像数据进行土地利用变化和三维景观格局分析.结果表明,2008-2018年研究区...