Middle Permian Seamount from Xiahe Area, Gansu Province, Northwest China: Zircon U-Pb Age, Biostratigraphy and Tectonic Implications

The well-preserved seamount buildups are documented from the northwestern Qinling (秦岭) orogenic belts, Northwest China. The study sections are located in the Ganjia (甘加) area of the Xiahe (夏河) County, Gansu (甘肃) Province. The dark basalt and overlying massive reef carbonate characterize the Xiahe seamount buildup. Basalts are dominated by the olivine type of rocks and bear distinct porphyritic textures, and fumarole and amygdaloidal structures. The basaits are dominated by SiO2(up to 48.49 wt.%-52.29 wt.%) followed by (Na2O+ K2O) (3.80 wt.%-4.96 wt.%) and TiO2 (2.04 wt.%-2.52 wt.%). They are featured by considerably high content of Ti. The tholeilteseries rocks dominate the basalts, while calc-alkali-series rocks are also present. The REE of the basalts shows the LREE-enrichment type with distinct positive Eu abnormal. The trace elements of the basalts are characterized by the lack of P and high content of Ti. These geochemical signals suggest that the Xiahe basalts were formed in an ocean-island setting. The LA ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age of the basalts is 267.6±5 Ma, which is reinforced by the presnce of the fusuHnid Neoschwagerina Zone of the Wordian (Middle Permian) in the limestone interbeds of the basalts. Integration of petrological and geochemical studies of seamount basaits and lateral correlation of seamount buildups reveals that the Qinling-qilian-Kunlun orogenic belts were probably the archipelagtc oceans during the Permian.     

甘肃马泉金矿床四号矿带控矿因素及找矿标志

马泉金矿床四号矿带位于秦蛉造山带西秦岭中部花岗岩带,属于北中秦岭陆表海盆中段,赋存于高桥一洮坪大断裂西段。经矿床特征分析认为,成矿物质主要来源于地层,成矿溶液主要来源于大气降水,有少量变质水加入。文章总结了矿床控矿因素、围岩蚀变及找矿标志,探讨了矿床成因,认为属中低温热液型金矿床。     

西秦岭金属成矿的准对称特征及找矿意义

西秦岭从中晚泥盆世开始,秦岭微板块由于勉略带的裂解扩张而进入独立演化,其构造演化、构造环境、沉积建造、岩浆活动和成矿作用等具有南北基本对应的准对称特征。本文通过对比分析,认为白龙江构造带是热液再造型铅锌矿的有利成矿带,而北部夏河—礼县成矿带南缘则是金的找矿远景区。     

破坏性地震破坏范围的快速估计

汶川地震给我国造成了巨大的人员伤亡和经济损失。为了给震后的地震救援提供及时的指导,快速估计破坏范围很重要。结合汶川地震的震例,本文总结给出了一个快速估计破坏范围的综合方法。     

Rhyolitic ignimbrites in the Rogerson Graben,southern Snake River Plain volcanic province: volcanic stratigraphy,eruption history and basin evolution

The 80 km long NNE-trending Rogerson Graben on the southern margin of the central Snake River Plain, Idaho, USA, hosts a rhyolitic pyroclastic succession, 200 m thick, that records a period of successive, late-Miocene, large-volume explosive eruptions from the Yellowstone–Snake River Plain volcanic province, and contemporaneous extension. The succession, here termed the Rogerson Formation, comprises seven members (defined herein) and records at least eight large explosive eruptions with numerous repose periods. Five high-grade and extremely high-grade ignimbrites are intercalated with three non-welded ignimbrites and two volcaniclastic deposits, with numerous repose periods (palaeosols) throughout. Two of the ignimbrites are dominantly rheomorphic and lava-like but contain subordinate non-welded pyroclastic layers. The ignimbrites are typical Snake River Plain high-silica rhyolites, with anhydrous crystal assemblages and high inferred magmatic temperatures (≤ 1,025°C). We tentatively infer that the Jackpot and Rabbit Springs Members may have been emplaced from the Bruneau–Jarbidge eruptive centre on the basis of: (1) flow lineation trends, (2) crystal assemblage, and (3) radiometric age. We infer that the overlying Brown’s View, Grey’s Landing, and Sand Springs Members may have been emplaced from the Twin Falls eruptive centre on the basis of: (1) kinematic indicators (from the east), and (2) crystal assemblage. Furthermore, we have established the contemporaneous evolution of the Rogerson Graben from the emplacement of the Jackpot Member onwards, and infer that it is similar to younger half-graben along the southern margin of the Snake River Plain, formed by local reactivation of Basin and Range structures by the northeastwardly migration of the Yellowstone hot-spot. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

牵引式滑坡特征及主被动加固比较分析

通过对牵引式滑坡发展过程的分析,着重说明牵引式滑坡自下而上规模不断扩大的特性。牵引式滑坡整治分被动加固与主动加固：被动加固存在着滑面抗剪强度下降、滑动范围扩大、加固力增大等问题,并造成较大的工程损失和环境资源破坏;主动加固能有效利用潜在滑动面的固有强度,减少工程造价。在被动加固时,应考虑牵引式滑坡的发展过程,对最初滑体采用有效加固、后牵引滑体采用加固补偿的原则。     

奇偶对称性用于中长期天气预报初探

长期天气过程的全球性和非绝热性吸引着人们从更广（全球）、更本质（非绝热加热）的角度认识大气环流的性质和规律，近年来一些从奇偶对称性出发研究大气环流的工作反映了这种趋势。为此，提出一个动力预报方案和一个统计预报方法，并对后者作了实际的计算。结果表明，用奇偶对称方法进行预报可能是中长期天气预报的一种途径。     

1873—2009年上海气温日较差变化及其影响因素

利用1873—2009年中国上海市11个气象站地面气象观测资料和1951—2009年北极涛动指数、1873—2000年西伯利亚高压强度等资料,分析了上海地区气温日较差的时间变化特征,以及大气环流异常变化、其他气象要素变化和城市化发展对气温日较差的影响。结果表明：过去137 a,上海气温日较差呈显著减小趋势,减小幅度为0.15℃/10 a。上海四季气温日较差均呈现出显著下降趋势,其中秋季气温日较差下降幅度最大,冬季气温日较差下降幅度最小。近60 a来,北极涛动指数表现出从负位相向正位相转变的趋势;而近130 a来,西伯利亚高压强度表现出由正距平向负距平转变的趋势,导致中国上海最低气温上升幅度大于最高气温的上升幅度,进而导致气温日较差的减小。在四季及全年,上海气温日较差的减小与日照时数的减少呈显著正相关,而与降水量的增加呈负相关。城市化对气温日较差的减小有明显影响。     

动力延伸预报产品释用方法的研究

目前以数值形势预报为基础的动力产品释用方法主要有模式输出统计法（ＭＯＳ）和完全预报方法（ＰＰＭ）。由这两种方法建立的预报方程缺乏明确的物理意义,所以文中提出了一种动力与统计相结合的方法。该方法从大尺度大气动力学方程组出发,推导出月降水距平百分率与月环流场的关系,从而建立了月降水距平百分率预报方程,随后利用月动力延伸预报的５００ｈＰａ高度场和实际降水场资料反演出月降水距平百分率预报方程的系数。该方程经过独立样本检验,表明这种方法对利用动力延伸集合预报的环流形势作月降水距平预报具有一定的能力。     

新一代天气雷达退数据模糊方法探讨

根据新一代天气雷达的技术特点,对当前新一代天气雷达存在的速度模糊及距离模糊问题进行了分析,阐述了速度模糊及距离模糊产生的原因,在此基础上介绍了批处理法、双脉冲重复频率法、随机相位编码法退速度模糊和距离模糊的方法,在比较了三个新一代天气雷达厂家退距离和速度模糊方法的技术特点及存在的问题后,提出了采用交错发射双脉冲重复频率解决速度模糊和减少测速误差及采用SZ相位编码法减少速度模糊的技术方法,并指出今后需要完善的地方。