SHRIMP U–Pb zircon geochronological evidence for Neoarchean basement in western Arnhem Land, northern Australia

The Pine Creek Orogen, located on the exposed northern periphery of the North Australian Craton, comprises a thick succession of variably metamorphosed Palaeoproterozoic siliciclastic and carbonate sedimentary and volcanic rocks, which were extensively intruded by mafic and granitic rocks. Exposed Neoarchean basement is rare in the Pine Creek Orogen and the North Australian Craton in general. However, recent field mapping, in conjunction with new SHRIMP U–Pb zircon data for six granitic gneiss samples, have identified previously unrecognised Neoarchean crystalline crust in the Nimbuwah Domain, the eastern-most region of the Pine Creek Orogen. Four samples from the Myra Falls and Caramal Inliers, the Cobourg Peninsula, and the Kakadu region have magmatic crystallisation ages in the range 2527–2510 Ma. An additional sample, from northeast Myra Falls Inlier, yielded a magmatic crystallisation age of 2671 ± 3 Ma, the oldest exposed Archean basement yet recognised in the North Australian Craton. These results are consistent with previously determined magmatic ages for known outcropping and subcropping crystalline basement some 200 km to the west. A sixth sample yielded a magmatic crystallisation age of 2640 ± 4 Ma. The ca. 2670 Ma and ca. 2640 Ma samples have ca. 2500 Ma metamorphic zircon rims, consistent with metamorphism broadly coeval with emplacement of the volumetrically dominant ca. 2530–2510 Ma granites and granitic gneisses. Neoarchean zircon detritus, particularly in the ca. 2530–2510 Ma and ca. 2670–2640 Ma age span, are an almost ubiquitous feature of detrital zircon spectra of unconformably overlying metamorphosed Palaeoproterozoic strata of the Pine Creek Orogen, and of local post-tectonic Proterozoic sequences, consistent with this local provenance. Neoarchean zircon is also a common detrital component in Palaeoproterozoic sedimentary units across much of the North Australian Craton suggesting the existence of an extensive, if not contiguous, Neoarchean crystalline basement underlying not only a large part of the Pine Creek Orogen, but also much of the North Australian Craton.     

山东省招远金矿区春季赤松林的植物地球化学和反射光谱特征

本文研究了山东省招远市台上金矿区与背景区赤松林的植物地球化学特征、赤松生长状况和光谱反射率特征的差异。结果表明，赤松对Ａｕ，Ａｇ，Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ等金属元素均呈强积累，赤松针叶中的Ａｕ、Ａｇ元素含量金矿区值和背景区值之比分别可达６和１８。重金属的过量吸收使金矿区赤松的生长状况变差，针叶内叶绿素含量减少，反射光谱特征明显变化。金矿区与背景区对比，赤松的红界蓝移幅度可达８—１２ｎｍ。随重金属污染程度的加重，近红外肩反射率值、叶绿素反射峰值与叶绿素吸收峰值之差均呈下降趋势，一阶导数谱７１０ｎｍ附近平顶斜率由正值变为负值，逐渐变小。反射光谱的这种变化规律可用以遥感探查赤松林下重金属矿藏。     

Monocyclic alkanes in Ordovician organic matter

The major compounds in the C₁₅₊ branched/cyclic alkane fractions of two Ordovician oils (Pine Unit and Midland Farms oils) and an immature Ordovician rock (Guttenberg Oil Rock) are monocyclics. One series of these compounds was identified as n-alkylcyclohexanes and another tentatively identified as methyl-n-alkylcyclohexanes. The carbon number distribution of these compounds resembled those of the n-alkanes found in these samples with an odd carbon number predominance. It is suggested that the monocyclic alkanes, in these Ordovician samples, may be principally derived from the cyclisation of straight-chain algal fatty acids, by mechanisms that involve decarboxylation. However, there is evidence from the m/z 97 fragmentograms of these samples, to indicate that methyl-n-alkylcyclohexanes can also be derived from fatty acids by a less preferred mechanism that does not involve decarboxylation or from other precursors.In addition, a sample of kerogen from the Guttenberg Oil Rock was hydrously pyrolysed. The saturated hydrocarbon products of this experiment showed very similar distributions (including monocyclics) to those observed in the Ordovician oils. This suggests that although the oils and the Guttenberg Oil Rock come from widely differing geographical locations, their precursor (algal derived) organic matter was very similar.     

Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic wrench tectonics in eastern Australia: Insights from the North Pine Fault System (southeast Queensland)

The North Pine Fault System (NPFS) in SE Queensland belongs to a series of NNW-striking sinistral faults that displaced Paleozoic to Cenozoic rock units in eastern Australia. We have studied the geometry and kinematics of the NPFS by utilizing gridded aeromagnetic data, digital elevation models, and field observations. The results indicate that all segments of the NPFS were subjected to sinistral reverse strike-slip faulting. Restorations of displaced magnetic anomalies indicate sinistral offsets ranging from ∼3.4 to ∼8.2 km. The existence of a (possibly) Late Triassic granophyre dyke parallel to one of the fault segments, and the occurrence of NNW-striking steeply dipping strike-slip and normal faults in the Late Triassic-Early Cretaceous Maryborough Basin, indicate that the NPFS has likely been active during the Mesozoic. We propose that from Late Cretaceous to early Eocene, NNW-striking faults in eastern Australia, including the NPFS, were reactivated with oblique sinistral-normal kinematics in response to regional oblique extension associated with the opening of the Tasman and Coral Seas. This interpretation is consistent with the modeled dominant NNE- to NNW-directed horizontal tensional stress in the Eocene. The latest movements along the NPFS involved sinistral transpressional kinematics, which was possibly related to far-field contractional stresses from collisional tectonics at the eastern and northern boundaries of the Australian plate in the Cenozoic. This sinistral-reverse oblique kinematics of the NPFS in the Cenozoic is in line with ∼ESE to ENE orientations of the modeled maximum horizontal stress in SE Queensland.     

Holocene aridity and storm phases, Gulf and Atlantic coasts, USA

A bottomland flora that prevailed between 9900 and 6000 cal yr B.P. in a North Carolina stream valley may not reflect a regionally much wetter Atlantic climate, coeval with record drought in the Great Plains region and assumed dry Gulf coastal conditions. Such conditions were inferred for 6000 ± 1000 yr ago when the Bermuda High may have consistently occupied summer positions far to the NE. Arid episodes coeval with the Little River local wet interval are known from eolian sediments and pollen spectra in the Atlantic and the Gulf coastal plain. For multiple reasons, the regional extent, intensity, and duration of coastal aridity and alternating wet phases and the Bermuda High positions are not yet adequately constrained. The climate and edaphic causes for the steadily growing predominance of southern pines over hardwoods, achieved between 8900 and 4200 cal yr B.P. at different sites at different times are similarly still unresolved. New data from Shelby Lake, AL, reconfirms that no credible field or other proxy evidence exists for a previously postulated “catastrophic Gulf hurricane phase” in the late Holocene.     

樟子松沙地适应性的初步研究

根据樟子松形态、生态和生理特征，初步分析讨论了其沙地适应性。     

基于Sentinel-1SAR数据的南极松岛冰川流速监测

南极入海冰川的流速对了解物质平衡和海平面上升具有重要意义。基于Sentinel-1 SAR数据,利用特征跟踪法提取了2015-2017年松岛冰川的冬夏季流速,分析了冰川流速的年际和季节变化特征。结果表明松岛冰川处于高速流动状态,流速最高达4 400 m·a^-1左右。沿主流线方向,2015-2017年2月（夏季）的平均流速分别是3 502 m·a^-1、3 529 m·a^-1、3 498 m·a^-1。2015-2017年8月（冬季）的平均流速分别是3 473 m·a^-1、3 498 m·a^-1、3 478 m·a^-1。2015-2017年松岛冰川主流线上平均流速为3 450~3 550 m·a^-1,流速总体保持稳定,没有明显变化。2015-2017年松岛冰川流速没有明显季节差异,冬夏季流速大致持平。基于裸露岩石作为控制点的分析表明误差为22~39 m·a^-1,冰川流速监测结果是可信的。     

基于ArcEngine的松材线虫病预警系统设计

松材线虫病是最具毁灭性的一种病虫害,至今尚未找到经济有效的根治方法。影响松材线虫病发生的因子数据非常庞大,加上松材线虫病的发生、蔓延具有时间性和空间性,原有的数据及测报方法很难适应松材线虫病的监测、预警的要求。通过结合ArcEngine组件技术、.NET平台技术和Oracle数据库技术,进行了松材线虫病预警系统的总体设计,包括系统逻辑架构的设计、系统功能的设计、系统数据库的设计,并对预警模型作初步分析。该系统的建立实现了对松材线虫病因子数据的信息化管理,逐步走向了科学化、规范化、标准化和可视化。     

美国Spruce Pine与新疆阿尔泰地区高纯石英伟晶岩的对比研究

     对美国北卡罗来纳州 Spruce Pine 地区白岗岩 / 伟晶岩和新疆阿尔泰白云母花岗岩 / 伟晶岩进行了对比研究。这两个地区的伟晶岩可能是过铝质花岗岩浆通过熔体 - 蒸汽分异作用的产物。美国产高纯石英的伟晶岩发育在片岩、片麻岩的背景之上,主要造岩矿物中富含斜长石,Na 大于 K,大离子亲石元素 Sr 和 Ba 含量高,高场强元素和稀土元素含量低,Eu 正异常,石英中杂质元素含量低。这些特征可作为高纯石英伟晶岩的判别标志。我国阿尔泰地区的伟晶岩脉十分发育,所研究的样品中,有些样品已经具有这些特点,阿尔泰伟晶岩区具有产高纯石英的成矿前景。     

Sand and silt grains: Predetermination of their formation and properties by microfractures in quartz

Examination of quartz from plutonic source rocks, sediments and soils, using both optical and scanning electron microscopes, reveals that the mineral is, almost always, cut by sets of partially healed, subplanar, subparallel microfractures dividing it into sheets typically one to a few micrometres thick. The structure, which originates in source rocks, is not due to crystal cleavage although it does show weak crystallo‐graphic influence in its directions. One to several sets of microfractures, intersecting at varying angles, can be present in any one quartz crystal. The microfractures vary in quality like cleavages; separation takes place readily along some, less so along others.

In superficial environments, the ease with which microfractures can be reopened largely controls the durability of quartz and the degree to which comminution can proceed. However, this type of breakage must cease when grains are one sheet thick (about 2–20 Mm in diameter). Hence quartz suddenly changes from being the dominant mineral in silt fractions to a normally minor constituent of clay fractions. The shape of grains depends largely on the number of (and angles between) microfrac‐ture sets present in the parent quartz. Most quartz grain surfaces represent fractures whose details characterize the pre‐emergent history of the quartz rather than sedimentary environments.