高精度磁测在维西拉嘎洛铁矿勘查中的应用

测区引起磁异常的有磁铁矿(化)体和玄武岩,二者之间的磁性差异很大,为磁法勘探寻找磁铁矿奠定物性基础。通过磁法勘探的野外作业和室内数据整理分析,并经异常推断解释圈出矿体5个,并经坑探验证有效。     

Ground penetrating radar inversion in 1-D: an approach for the estimation of electrical conductivity, dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability

This paper presents a method for inverting ground penetrating radargrams in terms of one-dimensional profiles. We resort to a special type of linearization of the damped E-field wave equation to solve the inverse problem. The numerical algorithm for the inversion is iterative and requires the solution of several forward problems, which we evaluate using the matrix propagation approach. Analytical expressions for the derivatives with respect to physical properties are obtained using the self-adjoint Green's function method. We consider three physical properties of materials; namely dielectrical permittivity, magnetic permeability and electrical conductivity. The inverse problem is solved minimizing the quadratic norm of the residuals using quadratic programming optimization. In the iterative process to speed up convergence we use the Levenberg–Mardquardt method. The special type of linearization is based on an integral equation that involves derivatives of the electric field with respect to magnetic permeability, electrical conductivity and dielectric permittivity; this equation is the result of analyzing the implication of the scaling properties of the electromagnetic field. The ground is modeled using thin horizontal layers to approximate general variations of the physical properties. We show that standard synthetic radargrams due to dielectric permittivity contrasts can be matched using electrical conductivity or magnetic permeability variations. The results indicate that it is impossible to differentiate one property from the other using GPR data.     

黏弹性双相介质参数反演的同伦方法

本文以介质的动态时域响应（位移、速度、加速度）作为反演的依据,对黏弹性双相介质的材料参数进行了反分析研究.根据附加条件,并考虑到由于测量误差和测量数据的不充分造成的反演问题的不适定性,将黏弹性双相介质的参数反演问题转化为非线性泛函的极小值问题,然后应用大范围收敛的同伦方法求出使泛函极小的根作为反问题的解.最后,以二维半空间黏弹性双相介质模型为例进行了数值反演分析,数值结果表明本文方法在参数的反演过程中目标函数稳定收敛,且具有一定的抗“噪声”干扰性能;与利用速度和加速度信息反演的结果相比,利用位移信息反演的结果具有较高的精度和抗噪声能力.     

Predictive error dependencies when using pilot points and singular value decomposition in groundwater model calibration

A significant practical problem with the pilot point method is to choose the location of the pilot points. We present a method that is intended to relieve the modeler from much of this responsibility. The basic idea is that a very large number of pilot points are distributed more or less uniformly over the model area. Singular value decomposition (SVD) of the (possibly weighted) sensitivity matrix of the pilot point based model produces eigenvectors of which we pick a small number corresponding to significant eigenvalues. Super parameters are defined as factors through which parameter combinations corresponding to the chosen eigenvectors are multiplied to obtain the pilot point values. The model can thus be transformed from having many-pilot-point parameters to having a few super parameters that can be estimated by nonlinear regression on the basis of the available observations. (This technique can be used for any highly parameterized groundwater model, not only for models parameterized by the pilot point method.)     

前兆水位数据处理中的小波基及其参数选择方法研究

在分析不同小波基函数特征的基础上, 详细阐述了前兆水位数据处理中小波基及其参数的选择问题, 针对多个水位测项进行了实例分析和比较。 得到如下结论: ① 在检测前兆水位数据的突变点或不规则的突变部分, 选择db6、 bior2.6、 rbio2.6、 sym4和sym6小波基效果较好, 其中选用双正交小波bior2.6效果最佳; ② 在小波变换分解层数的选取方面: 第1～2层多适用于突变异常信号的获得, 第5～6层多适用于缓变异常信号的提取; 对于数据跳变异常显著的时间段, 第4～6层能较好地还原被高频信息掩盖的趋势变化过程。     

Analysis of tracer tomography using temporal moments of tracer breakthrough curves

Hydraulic/partitioning tracer tomography (HPTT) was recently developed by Yeh and Zhu [Yeh T-CJ, Zhu J. Hydraulic/partitioning tracer tomography for characterization of dense nonaqueous phase liquid source zones, Water Resour Res 2007;43:W06435. doi:10.1029/2006WR004877.] for estimating spatial distribution of dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) in the subsurface. Since discrete tracer concentration data are directly utilized for the estimation of DNAPLs, this approach solves the hyperbolic convection–dispersion equation. Solution to the convection–dispersion equation however demands fine temporal and spatial discretization, resulting in high computational cost for an HPTT analysis. In this work, we use temporal moments of tracer breakthrough curves instead of discrete concentration data to estimate DNAPL distribution. This approach solves time independent partial differential equations of the temporal moments, and therefore avoids solving the convection–dispersion equation using a time marching scheme, resulting in a dramatic reduction of computational cost. To reduce numerical oscillations associated with convection dominated transport problems such as in inter-well tracer tests, the approach uses a finite element solver adopting the streamline upwind Petrov–Galerkin method to calculate moments and sensitivities. We test the temporal moment approach through numerical simulations. Comparing the computational costs between utilizing moments and discrete concentrations, we find that temporal moments significantly reduce the computation time. We also find that tracer moment data collected through a tomographic survey alone are able to yield reasonable estimates of hydraulic conductivity, as indicated by a correlation of 0.588 between estimated and true hydraulic conductivity fields in the synthetic case study.     

Multi-level parameter structure identification for two-phase porous-media flow problems using flexible representations

We consider identification of absolute permeability (hydraulic conductivity) based on time series of pressure data in sparsely distributed wells for two-phase porous-media flow. For this problem, it is impossible to recover all details of the parameter function. On the other hand, a coarser, approximate recovery may be sufficient for many applications. We propose a novel solution approach, based on reparametrization, for such approximate identification of the parameter function. We use a nonlinear, composite representation, which is detached from the computational grid, allowing for a flexible representation of the parameter function at many resolution levels. This is utilized in a sequential multi-level estimation of the parameter function, starting at a coarse resolution, which is then gradually refined. The composite representation is designed to allow for smooth as well as sharp transitions between regions of nearly constant parameter value. Moreover, it facilitates the estimation also of the structure and smoothness of the parameter function itself. As a limiting case, the chosen representation is reduced to a zonation with implicit representation of the interior boundaries that is equivalent to a level-set representation. A motivation for the selected representation and the multi-level estimation is presented in terms of an analysis of sensitivity and nonlinearity. Numerical examples demonstrate identification of coarse-scale features of reference permeability distributions with varying degree of smoothness. Comparisons show how the multi-level strategy stabilize the identification and avoid local minima of the objective function compared to a single-level strategy.     

非对称双塔连体结构柔性连接体系参数研究

基于非对称双塔连体结构柔性连接体系的3自由度（3-DOF）力学模型,利用虚拟激励法分析了连接构件的频率比、阻尼比和质量比等参数对该复杂结构体系地震反应的影响。根据不同的控制目标,得到了非对称双塔连体结构柔性连接体系支座优化设计参数变化规律和连接参数的优化组合,可用来指导此类结构的减震初步设计。最后以某实际工程为算例进行数值分析,验证了优化理论的正确性。     

附有条件的参数平差模型的有偏估计

讨论附有条件的参数平差模型参数的有偏估计问题。提出了约束岭估计和约束主成分估计,并证明了它们的优良性质,最后给出了一个算例,验证了所得结果。     

瑞安市暴雨强度概率分布公式参数估计研究

该文根据瑞安市1965~1997年降水自记记录, 通过适当的概率模式对暴雨强度抽样频数分布进行拟合, 并由此编制反映暴雨强度、历时、重现期三者关系的i-t-T表.利用最优化法进行非线性超定方程组的求解, 从而实现对暴雨强度公式中参数的估计.