设计地震反应谱的双参数标定方法及其应用

近年的工程地震工作,如地震小区划、重大工程场地的危险性分析等,一般都要做设计谱标定。既反映局部场地条件,又反映地震环境的双参数标定设计谱的方法,已为工程界接受。作为该方法的应用,本文采用澜沧——耿马地震的强震资料,重新确定了设计反应谱的形状参数,给出了反映云南地区地震特性的设计谱,可供中、小型工业与民用建筑抗震设计时参考使用。     

粒子滤波非线性AVO反演方法

提出一种新的AVO非线性反演方法,即利用粒子滤波器来求解AVO非线性贝叶斯反演问题,利用随机带权样本逼近后验概率.论文首先论述了粒子滤波器的基本原理,包括状态转移模型与观测模型,权值预测与更新,重要性密度采样等粒子滤波器应用中的关键技术.然后建立了适合于AVO反演的粒子滤波器状态转移模型和观测模型.最后,利用该方法分别对模型数据和实际资料进行了反演计算.反演结果表明,该方法具有较好的稳定性,在AVO反演中具有的一定的应用潜力.同时对地球物理反演的其他问题求解也提供了一条新的途径.     

雷达干涉PS网络的基线识别与解算方法

时序雷达干涉图中的永久散射体(PS)可看作“天然GPS点”, 以构成网络用于监测长期的地表形变. 本文提出采用邻接矩阵拓扑模型对基于Delaunay剖分算法生成的PS网络进行基线识别, 并采用时序相干最大化算法求解PS基线的线性形变速度增量和高程误差增量. 该数据模型和计算方法被应用于探测香港地区2006~2007年间的区域地表沉降. 实验研究采用由Envisat卫星ASAR传感器对该地区成像所获取的时序SAR影像作为数据源, 并联合该地区12个GPS连续运行参考站的观测数据予以大气修正和地面控制. 实验结果表明, 该模型和方法应用于地表形变测量是有效的和可靠的, PS网络方法探测地面沉降的精度约为±2.0 mm/a.     

数据类型对三维地面可控源电磁勘探效果的影响

本文基于考虑人工场源辐射的可控源地面电磁勘探三维数值模拟技术,以目前常用的标量可控源音频大地电磁勘探测量方式为依据,讨论地面可控源三维电磁勘探中,为达到最佳的探测效果,如何选择合适的反演数据类型.地面可控源数据的三维反演采用有限内存拟牛顿方法.反演过程中,三维可控源频率域响应数值计算采用交错网格有限差分法,求解基于二次电场的Helmholtz方程.发射装置采用长度为1000m的有限长直导线源,测量频率为10Hz;测点个数200个,分布在10条剖面上.在异常体分布区分别观测(1)电场Ex分量的振幅和相位,(2)Ex振幅,(3)Ex与Ey分量的振幅和相位,(4)Ex与Hy的振幅和相位.反演的数据类型分别为上述4种数据以及导出的阻抗Zxy振幅和相位.反演模型由30×30×20个网格组成,测区内水平方向大小为50m×50m,垂直方向厚度为50m,最后5层厚度倍增.反演都从均匀半空间开始,迭代120次结束.数值模拟结果发现,(1)单个电场分量Ex,其相位信息对异常体信息提取非常重要,若只反演该电场振幅,深部电阻率分辨率低;(2)观测正交电场的效果比单个电场分量效果好,其浅部异常的边缘效应明显减弱,深部异常形态完整;(3)同时观测正交的电场和磁场,反演效果与只观测电场振幅和相位的相当;(4)从阻抗数据反演得到的异常位置和电阻率分布均有较大的改善,反演模型分辨率最好.因此,在理论上,建议在野外数据采集时,最好测量正交电磁场;次之,同时测量正交的电场;最次的,可以只观测电场Ex的振幅和相位,亦可取得较足够的信息.但如果只能获得电场的振幅信息,反演结果的深部将出现较大的不确定性.     

Appraisal problem in the 3D least squares Fourier seismic data reconstruction

Least squares Fourier reconstruction is basically a solution to a discrete linear inverse problem that attempts to recover the Fourier spectrum of the seismic wavefield from irregularly sampled data along the spatial coordinates. The estimated Fourier coefficients are then used to reconstruct the data in a regular grid via a standard inverse Fourier transform (inverse discrete Fourier transform or inverse fast Fourier transform). Unfortunately, this kind of inverse problem is usually under‐determined and ill‐conditioned. For this reason, the least squares Fourier reconstruction with minimum norm adopts a damped least squares inversion to retrieve a unique and stable solution. In this work, we show how the damping can introduce artefacts on the reconstructed 3D data. To quantitatively describe this issue, we introduce the concept of “extended” model resolution matrix, and we formulate the reconstruction problem as an appraisal problem. Through the simultaneous analysis of the extended model resolution matrix and of the noise term, we discuss the limits of the Fourier reconstruction with minimum norm reconstruction and assess the validity of the reconstructed data and the possible bias introduced by the inversion process. Also, we can guide the parameterization of the forward problem to minimize the occurrence of unwanted artefacts. A simple synthetic example and real data from a 3D marine common shot gather are used to discuss our approach and to show the results of Fourier reconstruction with minimum norm reconstruction.     

美国甚宽带地震计与数据采集器的联合标定

文章依据实践经验,从原理、设计思路、具体操作、结果的验证等方面详细阐述了美国Geotech公司生产的甚宽带地震计KS-2000M与数据采集记录仪SMART-24R组合而成的地震观测系统的正弦标定方法。对今后解决进口测震观测系统的正弦标定和标定数据处理问题,都有一定的借鉴意义。     

Parameter variability of the observed periodic oscillations of polar motion with smaller amplitudes

Compared to the Chandler and annual wobbles, the higher-frequency components of polar motion (PM) have substantially smaller amplitudes. Therefore, their study has had to wait until higher-quality time series with high temporal resolution, as measured by space geodetic techniques, have become available. Based on the combined Earth orientation series SPACE99 computed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) from 1976 to 2000 at daily intervals, the periodic PM terms, in particular at the quasi-biennial, 300-day, semi-Chandler, semi-annual, 4-month, 90-day, 2-month and 1.5-month periods, have been separated by band-pass filtering and it has been found that the persistence of oscillations becomes less with increasing frequency. In order to quantify and better describe the parameter variability of these PM components over time, the radii, direction angles and period lengths were computed from the periodic terms filtered out from the time series. The results clearly show the characteristics and time evolution of the periodic PM components. The largest elliptic oscillation is the semi-annual wobble with a maximum semi-major axis of up to 13 mas (milliarc seconds). The other wobbles are smaller. They have maximum semi-major axes of between 3 and 8 mas. If the oscillations have period lengths of 4 months and less, then they are elapsed not only progradly, but also retrogradly. AcknowledgementsThis paper was presented at the 27th General Assembly of the European Geophysical Society in Nice, France, 22–26 April 2002. Thanks go to Kevin Fleming for his linguistic advice. The author would also like to thank Barbara Koaczek for suggesting some valuable improvements.     

成都地面最低气温年极值的渐近分布

利用成都１９３３～１９９２年间的地面最低气温年极值记录，采用韦伯分布和耿贝尔分布，分别对其进行了渐近分布拟合。通过统计推断，找出了成都地面最低气温年极值所遵循的最佳渐近分布——韦伯分布。     

方位指向检测系统的参数测定

针对低纬子午环的观测方式和方位定向系统的精度，叙述了配备方位指向检测系统的必要性，介绍了方位指向检测的原理和系统参数的测定方法，分析了在仪器的三个支承螺杆有晃动的情况下，系统参数测定的不可靠性，提出了克服参数测定不可靠性影响的方法。     

气象条件对膨胀土力学参数的影响

由气象条件对膨胀土力学性质影响的分析,总结出土体气候影响带内土体力学性质基本变化规律。还对季节因素对工程地质勘察中力学参数选用的影响进行初步分析,提出相应解决方法。