青海木里地区天然气水合物反射地震试验研究

天然气水合物是一种新型潜在能源,广泛分布于大陆边缘海底沉积物和陆上永久冻土带中。2008年,在我国祁连山冻土区首次钻获天然气水合物实物样品。2010年,作者在木里地区开展了反射地震方法探测天然气水合物的试验研究,通过综合分析解释反射地震和测井及地质资料,初步认为含天然气水合物介质形成的反射波在地震剖面上具有低速、弱振幅、高频的特征。在成藏机制上,天然气水合物的分布与深部断裂破碎带有关,天然气沿深部断裂构造向上运移,并受冻土层的封闭而富集,在合适的温压条件下形成天然气水合物矿藏。     

古新世/始新世全球增温在西藏岗巴地区的表现

随着深海钻探计划(DSDP)和大洋钻探计划(ODP)的开展,在古海洋学领域取得了许多重大发现。古近纪古新世与始新世(P/E)界线间的地质事件的发现便是其重要成果之一。西藏南部岗巴地区发育有良好的海相界线地层。对生物群、碳、氧、锶稳定同位素以及磁化率的研究显示,全球界线事件在西藏南部岗巴地区具有明显的影响。古新统宗浦组顶部底栖有孔虫动物群阶段性绝灭,总灭绝率为69%。始新统遮普惹组底部有孔虫逐渐复苏,除12种为古新世的残存类型外,始新世生物组合全为新的属种,并呈现三个复苏阶段。碳稳定同位素表现为三期负向偏移,在界线处出现-4‰的异常。这一异常与全球碳稳定同位素事件表现一致。锶同位素在界线位置没有明显的变化,而明显的峰值出现在界线之上,并与全球53Ma出现的锶同位素变化相对应。磁化率在界线之上2m处出现一个很明显的波动,与第3期碳同位素异常吻合。所有研究结果表明,西藏南部(特提斯-喜马拉雅低纬度浅海环境)在古新世与始新世界线时期出现明显的气候变化,说明全球深海温度增高在浅海环境具有相同表现,只是影响时间较长。     

蛇纹石化碱性橄榄石玄武岩、水和氢氧化钠溶液的高温高压实验研究

蛇纹石化碱性橄榄石玄武岩、水和氢氧化钠溶液的高温高压实验研究宋茂双（中国科学院地球化学研究所，贵阳５５０００２）关键词高温高压碱性玄武岩Ｐ波速度熔融－结晶蛇纹石脱水温度作者测量了高温高压下蛇纹石化碱性橄榄玄武岩的Ｐ波速度、蛇纹石脱水温度和Ｈ２Ｏ及Ｎａ...     

滇东北玄武岩相关铜矿类型特征分析

玄武岩中铜矿的含矿岩系是指上二叠统峨眉山玄武岩组(P2e)上部～宣威组(P2x)底部的一套含铜背景值较高、且有明显铜矿化及铜矿层存在的含矿火山地层组合。依据容矿主岩,可分为三种类型:玄武岩型铜矿、玄武岩含碳沉积岩夹层型铜矿及沉积间断面上铝土质泥岩铜矿。     

珠江口北岸SX97孔7 ka B.P.以来的矿物分析

珠江口北岸ＳＸ９７孔的矿物分析揭示这一地区自中全新世７ｋａＢ．Ｐ．以来气候环境演化可以分为５个阶段,第１、和第５阶段对应高海面、气候湿热时期,而第２和第４阶段对应低海面气候相对偏干偏凉的时期。这些与海岸沙丘、海滩岩和海相沉积地层的资料能比较好地对应。矿物之间的相关关系揭示珠江口７ｋａＢ．Ｐ．以来的物质沉积受到气候环境变化－河口响应系统的控制。第１、第３和第５阶段的高海面湿热时期没积物较细,沉降的各     

Study of the Stacking Sequences of an Irregular Mixed—Layer Illite / Smectite (I / S) Clay Mineral1

Abstract There are two aspects in the study of irregular mixed—layer clay minerals: one is the kinds and ratios of their basic structural unit layers and the other is the junction probabilities of the unit layers. Irregular mixed—layer illite / smectite clay minerals (I / S) are widespread in nature. While studying the clay minerals from the Permian—Triassic (P / T) boundary bed, the authors found that I / S clay minerals are developed in all P / T boundary clay layers in areas from the northwest to southeast of China. Systematic mineralogical studies of the I / S clay minerals from Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Zhejiang were made by means of X—ray, infrared spectroscopic, electron microscopic and chemical analyses and a deepened study of the stacking sequences of their structural unit layers was conducted by the MacEwan one—dimentional direct Fourier transform. It was found that the stacking of the illite and smectite crystal layers along the c axis can be derived from Fibonacci sequences. Hence, the authors propose that such I / S clay minerals are possessed of two—dimentional crystal lattice and one—dimentional quasicrystal lattice.     

辽宁省辽阳市甜水磷矿床地质特征及成矿条件

甜水磷矿是1979年提交勘探储量500万t的中型矿床,目前已采掘近空。通过系统研究《辽宁省辽阳市甜水磷矿勘探地质报告》及其野外编录资料,再经实地调查考证,详细阐述矿床地质特征;深度分析矿床成矿条件并作成因探讨;最后提出找矿方向。     

石笋P/Ca重建宜昌地区9 000年以来的陆地生产力

陆地生产力在全球变化,尤其是全球碳循环研究领域中,具有重要的地位。本文通过分析湖北清江和尚洞HS4石笋中P和Ca的地球化学组成,考察P/Ca对陆地生物生产力的响应。结果发现,最近50年沉积的石笋P/Ca比值与Thornthwaite Memorial生产力模型计算的区域陆地生产力具有显著的相关性,可以作为陆地古生产力的指标。以石笋P/Ca 重建的宜昌地区陆地古生产力在过去9 000年呈现波动变化的特征:8.9～6.5ka BP,陆地生产力较低;6.5～5.0ka BP,陆地生产力显著升高,并在6.4～5.6ka BP期间达到9.0ka来的最高值;5.0～4.0ka BP,处于低生产力期;4.0～1.5ka BP,生产力逐渐回升;1.5ka BP以来,生产力再次处于低值期。陆地生产力的波动明显受到全球和区域气候的制约。      

Phase equilibria and metamorphic evolution of garnet‐mica‐plagioclase gneisses from the Qiliping terrane in the western Dabie Orogen,central China

The extensive gneisses in the high‐pressure and ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphic terrane in the Dabie‐Sulu orogen usually show no evidence of eclogite‐facies metamorphism. The garnet‐mica‐plagioclase gneisses from the Qiliping region in the western Dabie Orogen, comprise garnet, phengite, biotite, plagioclase, quartz, rutile, ilmenite, chlorite, epidote, and hornblende. The garnet porphyroblasts, with inclusions of quartz, epidote, and rutile, exhibit slight compositional zonations, from core to mantle with an increase in pyrope and a decrease in spessartine, and from mantle to rim with a decrease in pyrope and grossular and an increase in spessartine. The high‐Si phengite indicates that the gneisses may be subjected to a high‐pressure metamorphism. By the P–T pseudosections calculated in a system NCKMnFMASHTO (Na₂O‐CaO‐K₂O‐MnO‐FeO‐MgO‐Al₂O₃‐SiO₂‐H₂O‐TiO₂‐O) for two representative samples, the metamorphic P–T path, reconstructed by the compositionally zoned garnet, shows that the prograde metamorphism is characterized by a temperature increase with a slight pressure increase from the conditions of 17.6 ± 1.5 kbar at 496 ± 15°C to the peak‐pressure ones of 21.8 ± 1.5–22.7 ± 1.5 kbar at 555 ± 15–561 ± 15°C; the early retrograde stage is dominated by decompression with a temperature increase to the maximum of 608 ± 15–611 ± 18°C at 10.3 ± 1.5–11.0 ± 1.5 kbar; and the late retrograde one is predominated by pressure and temperature decreases. The mineral assemblages in the prograde metamorphism are predicted to contain garnet, glaucophane, jadeite, lawsonite, phengite, quartz, rutile, and/or chlorite, which is different from those observed at present. Such high‐pressure metamorphism can partly be reconstructed by the P–T pseudosection in combination with the high‐Si phengite and garnet compositions in the core and mantle. This provides an important constraint on the subduction and exhumation of the terrane during the continent–continent collision between the Yangtze and Sino‐Korean cratons.     

1999年辽宁岫岩5.4级地震前后P波衰减频散特征

发展了一种根据单台垂向记录的地震直达P波的第一个周期信号, 研究地震波传播路径中介质衰减频散特性的方法. 为了更有效地提高P波频散测量的分辨率和信噪比水平,减小系统误差,使用了数据重采样技术. 应用改进的多重滤波方法测定P波群速度延迟. 根据线性滞弹性体松弛模型反演得到了介质品质因子Qm、95%置信水平下的测量误差及相关参数. 对营口台记录的辽宁岫岩震群的研究结果表明:① 1999年11月9日开始出现高Qm值,高Qm值对应的地震集中在距营口台32~46 km, 明显偏离Qm随震中距增加的线性规律;②5.4级地震前平均Qm值为460, 5.4级地震后至2000年1月12日5.1级地震之前Qm值为391, 5.1级地震之后Qm值为204.