一种不规则伊/蒙混层粘土矿物堆垛序列的研究——兼论具二维晶格一维准晶格的矿物的存在

研究不规则混层粘土矿物的结构主要包括两个方面:一是混层粘土矿物的基本结构单元层的种类及比例;二是构造单元层的连结概率。不规则伊/蒙混层粘土矿物(以下简称I/S)在自然界分布极为广泛。在研究二叠/三叠系(以下简称P/T)界线层粘土矿物时,发现从我国西北到东南很多地区,该界线粘土层中均发育有I/S。利用X射线、红外光谱、电子显微镜和化学分析方法对湖南、湖北、四川和浙江等地的这种I/S,进行了系统的矿物学研究,并对其构造单元层的堆垛序列进行了深入探索(做了MacEwan一维直接傅里叶变换),还发现在c轴方向上,伊利石晶层和蒙脱石晶层的堆垛,可用Fibooacci序列进行推导,由此作者提出了这种I/S具有二维晶格一维准晶格的设想。     

Late Mesozoic low-P/high-T metamorphism preceding emplacement of Cretaceous granitic rocks in the Gosaisho-Takanuki district, Abukuma metamorphic belt

Abstract The central part of Abukuma metamorphic belt consists of two geologic units, the Gosaisho Group and the Takanuki Group. Although the deformation styles differ between the Gosaisho and the Takanuki Groups, their rock facies show a gradual transition. In both Groups early regional low-pressure (over 3 kb) metamorphism has been overprinted by contact metamorphism. Evidence for the P/T condition of the regional metamorphism is recorded in cores of armored minerals. Metamorphic zones have been defined on mineral rim assemblages of meta-mafite, meta-pelite and meta-calc-siliceous schist and on the degree of graphitization of meta-pelite. The mineral-core chemistry of plagioclase, Ca-amphibole and garnet changes with increasing metamorphic grade, and indicates that the regional metamorphism of the Gosaisho Group took place in a high pressure region of the andalusite stability field. The Takanuki metamorphic rocks are structurally overlain by the Gosaisho Group and have undergone regional metamorphism whose conditions have passed near the triple point of Al-silicates and kyanite has crystallized. The contact aureoles in both groups are developed around middle Cretaceous granitic intrusions. Rims of plagioclase, Ca-amphibole and garnet overgrew on the mineral-cores during the contact metamorphism. The regional metamorphism began after the sedimentation of Jurassic chert and was succeeded by the contact metamorphism in the middle Cretaceous.     

多学科(GGE)研究地壳结构和震源区的方法探讨

就采用地球物理探测、地质岩石学分析和高温高压实验(GGE)综合研究区域地壳细结构和确定地震震源区的可能性和方法作了探讨,并以临汾地区为例,给出了实施过程中的一些具体考虑.这些考虑包括:通过地球物理探测建立地壳、上地幔的速度、电性、密度、磁性和热等结构,给出深部的温压分布等;通过地质调查、钻探和岩石学分析确定沉积层的性质与厚度、结晶基底的组成,推测深部物质的状态,选取典型样品等;在模拟深部温压条件下,通过对岩石波速、电性和密度等的测定和与地球物理结构模型、地质岩石学结构模型进行综合比较建立区域地壳三维结构,通过对岩石力学行为的实验测定与了解,选择发震判据,确定潜在震源区.     

云南鹤庆盆地2.780~1.802MaB.P.期间的 古植被和古气候*

鹤庆深钻421.7m以下岩芯的孢粉组合揭示2.780~1.802MaB.P.期间鹤庆盆地周围山地植被类型的更替主要是松林和寒温针叶林林带的上下迁移,并且研究区在第四纪之前就已基本具备了目前的主要植物种类及其自然地理轮廓。根据孢粉组合中寒温针叶林主要成分的孢粉含量变化推测研究区周围的山顶气候在2.780~1.802MaB.P.期间依次经历了相对温和偏干→整体相对寒冷潮湿→温和偏干→寒冷较湿→温凉较干→温和偏干→寒冷较湿的7次明显波动;同时结合孢粉组合特征和山顶气候推测盆地周围较低海拔区的气候经历了温暖干旱→整体相对温暖潮湿→温暖干旱→温凉较湿→温和偏干→温暖干旱,但夏季有一定降雨→温凉较湿的7次明显波动。在重建古植被与古气候时,还根据孢粉组合中寒温针叶林的主要成分与喜热成分的孢粉含量变化,探讨了2.780~1.802MaB.P.期间不同时段导致研究区周围山地垂直植被带迁移的主要原因,即区分了构造抬升与气候变化对其影响的可能性。研究认为2.729~2.608MaB.P.期间寒温针叶林面积增加主要是由于山体强烈抬升造成的,此次山体强烈抬升正对应着晚新生代地质时期青藏高原强烈隆升的"青藏运动B幕",而其他时段的寒温针叶林面积增减主要是气候变化引起的。     

民用P(Y)码伪距的精度分析及其在单点定位中的应用

民用GPS双频接收机主要采用互相关技术和Z跟踪技术消除或减弱A-S(Anti-Spoofing)的影响,获取P(Y)码伪距观测值。文中对两种技术获取的P(Y)码伪距的精度进行了理论分析和实测数据的验证。民用GPS双频接收机获取P(Y)码伪距的意义在于消除或减弱电离层延迟误差的影响,进而提高定位的精度,文中结合单点定位给出了例证。     

P-T evolution of metapelites from the Bajgan complex in the Makran accretionary prism,south eastern Iran

The Bajgan Complex, one of the basement constituents of the arc massif in Iranian Makran forms a rugged, deeply incised terrain. The complex consists of pelitic schists with minor psammitic and basic schists, calc silicate rocks, amphibolites, marbles, metavolcanosediments, mafic and felsic intrusives as well as ultramafic rocks. Metapelitic rocks show an amphibolite facies regional metamorphism and contain garnet, biotite, white mica, quartz, albite ± rutile ± apatite. Thermobarometry of garnet schist yields pressure of more than 9 kbar and temperatures between 560 and 675 °C. The geothermal gradient obtained for the peak of regional metamorphism is 19 °C/km, corresponding to a depth of ca. 31 km. Replacement of garnet by chlorite and epidote suggest greenschist facies metamorphism due to a decrease in temperature and pressure through exhumation and retrograde metamorphism (370–450 °C and 3–6 kbar). The metapelitic rocks followed a ‘clockwise’ P–T path during metamorphism, consistent with thermal decline following tectonic thickening. The formation of medium-pressure metamorphic rocks is related to presence of active subduction of the Neotethys Oceanic lithosphere beneath Eurasia in the Makran.     

2016年山东省15个海水增养殖区氮磷分布及其结构特征

氮、磷是海洋生物生长所需要的重要营养元素,其变化对海水增养殖区生态系统结构和功能有着重要影响。文章根据2016年3月、5月、8月及10月的监测资料,分析了山东省15个海水增养殖区氮、磷分布特征,结果表明：DIN浓度范围0.007 30～2.20 mg/L,平均值0.192 mg/L,68.0%的站次浓度介于0.05～0.2 mg/L之间,渤海湾、莱州湾养殖区浓度普遍高于黄海养殖区;PO4-P浓度范围0～0.089 5 mg/L,平均0.005 98 mg/L,81.9%的站次浓度介于0.001～0.015 mg/L之间,约2/3水域为磷限制性贫营养状态。表层、底层海水DIN与PO4-P浓度无明显差异;NO3-N、NO2-N、NH4-N占比分别为68.91%、6.82%、27.27%,NO3-N是DIN的主要存在形式;夏季NH4-N形态比例最高,平均占比36.5%;N/P原子质量比范围1.6～2 532.3,主要范围在10～40,渤海养殖区N/P比明显高于黄海养殖区;DIN分布主要受陆源径流输入影响;PO4-P水平分布无明显规律。     

河北山前平原地下水^32Si年龄初探

＾３２Ｓｉ是放射性同位素,半衰期约１４０ａ可以测定５０～１０００ａ地下水的年龄,本文用Ｆｅ（ＯＨ）３共沉淀法从天然水中提取ＳｉＯ２回收率可达３０％～９８％,然后提取和纯化＾３２Ｐ,将Ｈ３ＰＯ４溶液和Ｐｉｃｏ－ｆｌｏｕｒ＾ＴＭＬＬＴ混合制备计数溶液,用液体闪烁计数法测量中＾３２Ｐ的放射性,本底计数为４．８０ｃｐｈ,仪器效率为４５．３４％,然后用公式计算样品的＾３２Ｓｉ放射性浓度和地下水的＾３２Ｓｉ年