Physiological Responses of Pistia stratiotes and Its Fluoride Removal Efficiency

Phytoremediation technology using aquatic plants is being used increasingly in constructed wetlands to purify wastewater. The physiological responses of water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) and its effectiveness in removing fluoride (F ^-) from water are described in this article. The results indicate that Pistia stratiotes has the ability to accumulate F ^-. The removal efficiency ranged from 27.79% to 56.32% for the various initial F ^-concentrations tested, and was highest (56.32%) in the highest initial concentration group 60mg/L. The F ^- concentrations in control groups (without Pistia stratiotes) changed very little, from -1.135% to -0.007% of the initial concentrations. At the highest removal rate, the bioconcentration factor was 7.84. The rate of purification conformed to the Michaelis-Menten equation, and the correlation coefficients (R ²) were all greater than 0.97. The Specific Growth Rates (SGR) of the treatment groups were -8.03% to -1.22%, and the SGR of plants under F ^-stress decreased during the experimental period. The partial correlation analysis showed that concentrations of F ^- in water were strongly linearly correlated with peroxidase.     

环境污染预测的人工神经网络模型

作者用基于Ｂ－Ｐ算法的人工神经网络，提出了建立环境污染物浓度预测的方法，并通过一个大气污染物ＳＯ２浓度的人工神经网络预测实例，证实了人工神经网络用于环境污染预测的可行性。     

Lipid composition of the pelagic crab Pleuroncodes planipes, its feces, and sinking particulate organic matter in the Equatorial North Pacific Ocean

Fecal pellets from the pelagic crab Pleuroncodes planipes were a substantial portion of the particulate organic matter in a sediment trap deployed at the bottom of the mixed layer in the eastern tropical North Pacific Ocean. The lipids of fresh P. planipes feces were compared to lipids of the sediment trap material, of mixed zooplankton which may comprise part of the diet of the crab, and of the crab itself in order to elucidate the source of organic compounds found in the trap. Hydrocarbons, wax esters, triacylglycerols, steroidal alcohols, steroidal ketones, and fatty acids were determined by capillary gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Significant input of lipids via sedimentation of crab fecal material is indicated, and modification of dietary lipid within the gut of the crab is inferred. Labile dietary fatty acids are depleted and sterols enriched in the fecal pellets and trap material relative to the zooplankton and crab. Nuclear saturated and unsaturated 3-ketosteroids and unsaturated steroidal hydrocarbons were detected in the crab, its feces, and in the sediment trap particulate material.     

P2P环境下影像数据流传输的资源定位及选择研究

在传统P2P资源定位方法的基础上,对空间P2P系统采用一种网格索引peer分组来实现资源定位,并探讨peer选择策略来优化资源定位结果,采用历史速度记录反馈推测peer选择优先级使得性能高和可靠的peer可以优先被选择.大量模拟实验测试peer选择策略局部最优和不等概率随机选择两种模式,结果显示peer选择策略的有效性以及有效性程度取决于peer个数、资源文件大小和用户行为等应用场景.     

Chemical study of limestone and clay for cement manufacturing in Darukhula,Nizampur District,Nowshera, North West Frontier Province （N.W.F.P.）, Pakistan

Limestone and clay samples were collected from Darukhula and adjoining areas of the Nizampur District Nowshera, N.W.EE, Pakistan, and analyzed for different parameters in order to search for new reserves of suitable material for the manufacture of different types of cements in N.W.F.P. It was found that the area under study contains three types of limestones, including high grade limestone, Darukhula limestone and siliceous limestone, which contain 53%, 49.03% and 45.19% CaO, respectively, and three types of clay, including maroon color, yellow to yel- lowish-green color and green color clay containing 57.76%, 65.47% and 61.24% SiO2, respectively. Chemical analysis of the limestone and clay samples collected from the deposits in the area under study showed that all the elements found in these samples are within the range of permissible limits for the production of high-strength Portland cement, sulphate resisting cement and white cement. This paper covers the detailed version of the potential raw material deposits at Darukhula and adjoining areas of the Nizampur District.     

S/P模式计算的冷却塔烟气抬升高度敏感性试验

德国VDI3784的S/P模式为三维流体动力学积分模式,其方程主要描述了无穷小体积元素的质量、动量、静态污染物质量浓度及能量的守恒。利用德国模式进行了冷却塔烟气排放不同参数、不同大气条件下烟气抬升高度的敏感性试验。结果表明：在影响烟气抬升高度的3个气象要素（风速,气温和湿度）中,风速和气温的变化对结果影响较大,而湿度影响较小。在D类稳定度,当环境风速从0.1 m/s增加到15.0 m/s时,抬升高度将从711.7 m变为38.5 m。随着环境温度的升高,抬升高度明显单调变小;当稳定度为A类,环境温度从10℃升到40℃时,烟气抬升最大高度从688.9 m降低到45.1 m,降低了14倍多。而环境湿度的变化,对抬升高度的影响不是很明显。对于E和F类,当环境湿度从20 %增加到70 %,最大抬升高度分别从115.3 m和84.6m降到112.9 m和81.7m,分别降低了3.43 %和2.08 %。在影响烟气抬升高度的其他3个因素（凉水塔直径,烟气出口速度和混合气体温度）中,混合气体温度的变化对结果影响较大,而凉水塔直径和烟气出口速度的影响较小。在各类稳定度条件下,当出口温度从20 ℃变到90 ℃时,烟气抬升高度增加1.2-13.3倍;在各类稳定度条件下,当凉水塔直径从30 m变到90 m,烟气抬升高度仅增加0.63-1.40倍;在各类稳定度条件下,当出口速度从2.5 m/s变到8 m/s,烟气抬升高度增加0.24-0.74倍。     

滇东北玄武岩相关铜矿类型特征分析

玄武岩中铜矿的含矿岩系是指上二叠统峨眉山玄武岩组(P2e)上部～宣威组(P2x)底部的一套含铜背景值较高、且有明显铜矿化及铜矿层存在的含矿火山地层组合。依据容矿主岩,可分为三种类型:玄武岩型铜矿、玄武岩含碳沉积岩夹层型铜矿及沉积间断面上铝土质泥岩铜矿。     

湄洲湾东吴港区附近潮间带大型底栖动物的时空分布及次级生产力

湄洲湾位于福建沿海中部,作者于2008年1月（冬季）、10月（秋季）,依据《海洋监测规范》（GB17378-2007）,在湄洲湾东吴港区附近设置3条潮间带断面,进行大型底栖动物调查采样．调查结果表明：共采获潮间带大型底栖动物283种,其中多毛类94种、软体动物91种、甲壳动物74种、棘皮动物9种、鱼类5种、其它类群动物10种．C断面种类最多179种．调查期间大型底栖动物平均生物量20．07g／m^2,平均栖息密度645．9ind／m^2,B断面生物量最高,A断面栖息密度最大．年平均去灰干重3．61g（AFDW）／m^2,依据Brey（1990）的公式计算,潮间带大型底栖动物次级生产力5．33g（AFDW）／（m^2·a）,年平均P／B值为1．93．调查海域潮间带大型底栖动物种类数量、生物量、次级生产力、P／B值均高于海坛海峡潮间带．     

Assessments of Potential Spatial‐temporal Variations in Phosphorus Distribution and Fractionation in River Bed Sediments

Sediment characteristics influence the distribution and bioavailability of phosphorus (P) in river sediments. In this study, we analyzed different P fractions in the sediments of the Bronx River, New York City, NY, using sequential extraction. The results showed that the average P pool rank order was HCl?P > NaOH?P > NaHCO₃?P > residue?P, and their relative proportions were 3.7: 2.0: 1.4: 1 in sediments collected in 2006, while HCl?P > NaOH?P > residue?P > NaHCO₃?P, with their relative proportions of 27.8:6.2:2.7:1 in the sediments obtained in 2007. The strong correlation between microbial P and organic P (OP), along with the changes in microbial P over time indicate that most of the OP in the river bed sediments is potentially bioavailable. The sediment transport, deposition, assimilation, the exchange of P between sediments and water columns, the land use changes, raw sewer discharge, gas spill, construction, fertilizer application, etc., as well as the hydro‐climatic changes could result in the spatial and temporal variations in P bioavailability in the river bed sediments. The estimations of P pools and their bioavailability in river bed sediments could help determine the spatial and temporal variations in P transport and impacts of land use on water quality, in turn, help regulate P in the river's watershed.     

Foliar carbohydrate differs between Picea crassifolia and Sabina przewalskii with the altitudinal variation of Qilian Mountains, China

Nonstructural carbohydrates(NSC) and nitrogen metabolism strongly influence growth and development in plants. The biosynthesis of cellulose and lignin(structural carbohydrates, SC) depends largely on the supply of NSC. We desire to examine which hypothesis, carbon limitation or growth limitation, best fits the alpine plant response between NSC, SC, carbon(C), nitrogen(N) and altitude. We compared the foliar concentrations of carbohydrates, C and N between the leaves of Picea crassifolia(lower-elevation tree-line species) and Sabina przewalskii(high-elevation tree-line species) in their response to changing elevation. Our site was located in the mid-northern area of Qilian Mountains, China. We found that foliar soluble sugar(SG) concentrations were significantly higher in P. crassifolia than in S. przewalskii at the 2,700–3,400 m level. Foliar NSC levels in P. crassifolia increased at the 2,700–3,100 m level, indicating that growth was limited gradually resulting in a surplus of NSC(to conform to GLH), subsequently decreasing at the 3,100–3,400 m level, the assimilation declined leading to C deficit(to conform to CLH). SC(SC metabolism disorders at 3,100–3,400 m), C, N and starch were significantly lower in P. crassifolia than in S. przewalskii. Conversely, foliar SG concentration shows a fall-rise trend with increasing elevation for S. przewalskii. SC concentration in S. przewalskii leaves decreased with an increase of elevation and has a significantly positive correlation to N concentration marking the assimilation of plants. Therefore, the high-elevation tree-line species(S. przewalskii) utilize or store more foliar SG leading to a decrease of SG concentration for survival and growth/regrowth in an adverse environment, higher total C, N, SC, starch contents and lower NSC level. Also, their change trends along the elevational gradient in leaves of S. przewalskii indicate better assimilation strategies for SG use under environmental stress compared to P. crassifolia. This indicates that foliar C metabolism along the elevation follows the principle of the growth-limitation hypothesis(GLH) or carbon limitation hypothesis(CLH), which depends on the acclimation of different alpine life-forms to the environment.