Calcite twinning strain variations across the Proterozoic Grenville orogen and Keweenaw-Kapuskasing inverted foreland,USA and Canada

We report the calcite twinning strain results of a traverse across the Grenville orogen from Parry Sound, Ontario (NW) to Ft. Ann, New York (SE), including the younger, adjacent Ordovician Taconic allochthon. Fifty four carbonates (marbles, calcite veins, Ordovician limestone) were collected resulting in 68 strain analyses on mechanically twinned calcite (n = 2337 grains) across the Central Gneiss Belt (CGB; 3 samples), the Central Metasedimentary Belt (CMB; 27 samples), the Central Granulite Terrane (CGT; Adirondack's; 13 samples) and the Ottawan Orogenic Lid (OOL; 11 samples). Twinning strains in the greenschist-grade OOL marbles preserve N–S shortening and U-Pb titanite ages (～1150 Ma; n = 4) document these marbles formed during the Shawinigan (1190–1140 Ma) part of the Grenville orogen. From northwest to southeast, the Ottawan (1095–1020 Ma) twinning strain is dominantly a layer-parallel shortening fabric oriented N–S (Parry Sound), then becomes parallel to the Grenville thrust direction (NW–SE) across the CMB to the Adirondack Highlands where the sub-horizontal shortening strain becomes margin-parallel (SW–NE). Within the regional sample suite there are two areas studied in detail, the Bancroft shear zone (n = 11) and a roadcut on the southeast side of the Adirondack Mountains (Ft. Ann, NY; n = 8). Marbles from the Bancroft shear zone contain calcite grains with 2 sets of twin lamellae (e₁ and e₂). The better-developed e₁ sets (n = 406) record a horizontal fabric oriented NW–SE whereas the younger e₂ lamellae (n = 146) preserve a margin-parallel (SW–NE) horizontal fabric. Both the e₁ and e₂ strains record an overprint vertical shortening strain (NEV), perhaps related to extensional orogenic collapse. We also report an Ottawan orogen-aged granoblastic mylonite (1093 Ma, U-Pb zircon; 1102 Ma Ar-Ar biotite) in the Keweenaw thrust hanging wall 500 km inboard of the Grenville front and interpret the relations of Grenville-Keweenaw far-field dynamics.     

喜马拉雅西北部逆冲带的地壳电性结构

印度板块北部地形起伏较大的喜马拉雅山地区由几个构造互异的地质单元组成,依地形高、低把喜马拉雅碰撞带分成低喜马拉雅和高喜马拉雅.为了研究与主要逆冲带（含主缝合带MCT和主边界带MBT）有关的地壳电性结构,沿Rohtangpass (海拔4000 m) 到Mandi (海拔400 m)剖面进行了MT探测.通过对16个测点观测资料的分析和考虑地形的二维反演,获得了沿剖面的二维电性结构.电性结构显示,在Chail和主逆冲边界带下方,东西走向的缝合带突然转向北.在下喜马拉雅的Rampur 区段的元古代基底为范围较大的高阻体,而浅部地壳被逆冲带分成向北倾的电导性块体和电阻性块体.Chail 逆冲带东侧低喜马拉雅Rampur 区段的推挤和它西侧的基底脊柱体导致主边界带及相关的逆冲带（Kangra 拐角）向北转弯,Kangra拐角处的应力可能是由于西侧基底脊柱体进入到Kangra 区引起的.     

广东气候变暖若干特征及其对气候带变化的影响

对广东省近50年的气温资料统计结果表明，广东省陆面气温增暖率为0．16℃／10年，低于全国和全球陆面增暖率；气候变暖的时空特征表现为冬季和春季明显大于夏季和秋季，沿海地区明显大于内陆地区，气候带向北移动的趋向明显，北热带区域面积在扩大，南亚热带区域面积在缩小，中亚热带区面积相对稳定。分析认为，在全球气候变暖的背景下，广东气候变暖具有地方性特征，主要是受大气环流、海温和人类活动等方面的综合影响。     

豫西沙沟脉状Ag-Pb-Zn矿床地质特征和成矿流体研究

豫西沙沟薄脉状Ag-Pb-Zn硫化物矿床位于华北陆块南缘熊耳山地区,主要由多金属硫化物-石英-碳酸盐脉型和石英-碳酸盐-绢云母-多金属硫化物蚀变岩型两种矿化类型组成。主要矿脉的矿物共生序列可以分为成矿前的石英-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅰ)、闪锌矿-石英-方铅矿-少量银矿物阶段(Ⅱ1)、方铅矿-石英-闪锌矿-含铁白云石-银矿物阶段(Ⅱ2)和成矿后的方解石-(石英)阶段(Ⅲ)。对不同阶段的成矿流体研究表明,石英-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅰ)中的含氯化钠子晶三相(LVH)包裹体(Ⅰ1)可能是直接从饱和水的结晶岩浆熔体中出溶形成或是由岩浆流体的减压沸腾形成,显示该区很可能存在岩浆流体端元。多金属硫化物阶段(Ⅱ1Ⅱ2)捕获富液相包裹体(LV型)和个别CO2包裹体(C型),这两个阶段流体包裹体反映了主成矿阶段流体的基本特征,结合包裹体气相和液相成分色谱分析以及包裹体初融温度,认为成矿流体应该为中-低温低盐度含CO2的H2O-NaCl体系。其中,阶段(Ⅱ2)的均一温度(145～288℃,平均为194℃)比阶段(Ⅱ1)的均一温度(185～357℃,平均240℃)低46℃;同时,阶段(Ⅱ2)的盐度(1.91%～10.86%,平均6.38%)较阶段(Ⅱ1)盐度(4.65%～10.11%,平均7.77%)略低。对这一温度和盐度的总体下降趋势的合理解释是大气水的逐渐混入。多金属硫化物阶段(Ⅱ1Ⅱ2)之后的方解石-(石英)阶段普遍为富液相包裹体(LV型),该阶段显著降低的温度(129～208℃,平均165℃)和盐度(1.40%～4.03%,平均2.50%),进一步佐证大气水的不断混入。而且,流体混合可能在引起矿石矿物从热液中沉淀方面起到重要作用。     

豫西公峪金矿床流体包裹体及其He、Ar、S、H、O同位素组成对成矿流体来源的示踪

豫西公峪构造蚀变岩型金矿床位于熊耳山东南缘祁雨沟金矿田内,矿体赋存于北东向断裂破碎带内。为探讨成矿流体的来源,尤其是地幔流体参与成矿的程度,选择13件主成矿期的矿石样品进行了系统研究,测定了公峪构造蚀变岩型金矿床成矿系统的温度及其 S、H、O 同位素和惰性气体 He、Ar 同位素组成。对保存于石英中的原生包裹体进行的详细研究结果表明:公峪构造蚀变岩型金矿床中含有丰富的包裹体,其类型复杂多样,有气体包裹体、气液包裹体、液体包裹体、含 CO_2包裹体四种类型。包裹体的均一温度变化范围较宽,在120℃～440℃之间均有分布,可进一步分为150℃～190℃、210℃～250℃和290～350℃三个区间,但主要集中于150℃～250℃的范围内。结合显微镜下观测载金矿物特点,推测金矿的形成温度区间主要在150℃～250℃之间。冰点变化范围较大,在-0.2℃～-9.6℃之间,对应的盐度在0.53wt%～13.51wt%之间。稳定同位素结果表明:硫化物的δ~(34)S 值变化于-1.7‰～2.2‰之间,与陨石硫的δ~(34)S 值接近,反映为深源;成矿Ⅰ阶段流体的δD 值为-68‰～-86‰,δ~(18)O_(H_2O)为 3.5‰～ 4.5‰,Ⅱ阶段流体的δD 值为-67‰～-84‰,δ~(18)O_(H_2O)为-3.7‰～ 2.6‰,反映成矿流体主要有两个来源,Ⅰ阶段以深源水为主,Ⅱ阶段有大量大气降水混入。氦氩同位素研究表明:公峪构造蚀变岩型金矿床黄铁矿流体包裹体的~3He/~4He 比值为1.05～3.17R/Ra,高于地壳的~3He/~4He 比值100余倍,但明显低于地幔流体的~3He/~4He 比值;~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar=298～391,略高于大气氩的同位素组成;~(40)Ar/~45He 比值0.08～0.35,平均为0.20,与地壳~(40)Ar/~4He 比值一致。He、Ar 同位素组成特征显示了公峪金矿床成矿流体以大气降水为主,但同时有地幔流体成分,推断金矿床成矿作用与地幔活动有着密切的关系。通过与祁雨沟隐爆角砾岩型金矿床的对比研究,认为虽然祁雨沟金矿和公峪金矿赋存于不同的构造环境中,但是流体包裹体及其同位素研究结果显示了二者的成矿作用具有一致性,他们应属于同一成矿系统的产物,均与燕山晚期岩浆热液活动有关,可能为同源、同期、不同构造空间的演化产物。     

甘肃东南部地区成矿区带划分及找矿方向

甘肃省东南部是我国西部重要的资源富集区,区内各类矿床(点)遍布.据大地构造单元及各类矿床(点)的展布,该地区初步划分为13个IV级成矿带,该文对各成矿带进行了初步的分析及探讨,提出了本区新一轮矿产勘查的研究对策及找矿方向.     

福建省上杭-大田地区中生代成岩成矿作用与构造环境演化

本文所研究的四个中生代花岗岩体具不同的同位素年代:汤泉岩体为183～158Ma,紫金山岩体为157-145Ma。才溪岩体为133Ma,四方岩体为108～105Ma,汤泉和紫金山岩体分别属于早中生代中、晚侏罗世,才溪和四方岩体时代为晚中生代早白垩世。汤泉和四方岩体为A/CNK<1.0的准铝质花岗岩类,因富Ba、Sr,贫HREE、Y、Yb而具埃达克岩地球化学特征,是最具铜矿成矿潜力的含矿母岩;紫金山花岗岩体为A/CNK>1.1的强过铝花岗岩,并富K、Rb、Th、Y、HREE,贫Sr、Ba、Ti,具地壳泥质岩石熔融的特征。才溪岩体为A/CNK1.0～1.1的弱过铝花岗岩,其元素地球化学特征介于四方岩体和紫金山岩体之间。富Na2O的汤泉岩体是地幔起源的基性岩浆底侵作用,促使加厚的元古代下地壳基性岩石部分熔融所形成,是铜、铁多金属矿床成矿系列的主要含矿母岩;富K2O的四方岩体是地幔起源的富钾基性岩浆与中下地壳物质部分熔融形成的花岗质混合岩浆,使岩浆中的K2O含量增高,并从地幔中获取大量铜及其它金属和硫,而成为斑岩型铜金多金属矿床成矿系列的主要含矿母岩。研究区自早-中侏罗世(180Ma)以来已有岩石圈伸展的岩石学记录。紫金山强过铝花岗岩是这种伸展机制延续的结果。随时间推移,岩石圈伸展减薄作用和底侵作用增强,地幔组分在花岗质岩浆的形成过程中贡献     

黄陵断隆北部太古界花岗岩-绿岩地体的发现

属于扬子地台基底的黄陵断隆北部太古界混合奥长花岗岩及其残留围岩——王家湾群所组成的地体,是一个遭受了斜长角闪岩相变质的花岗岩-绿岩地体。本区上太古界酸性侵入岩体是白岗岩-奥长花岗岩套(AT岩套)。绿岩带中的超镁铁质岩是含SiO_2稍高的辉岩质科马提岩。     

土壤地球化学找矿试验性研究

黄石狮子立山属于长江中下游铜铁成矿带的一部分,为了更广泛地在本区寻找有一定经济意义的矿产。利用土壤地球化学方法,找出本区成矿指示性元素,为指导本区进一步找矿。研究发现,本区土壤被测12种微量元素(As、Sb、Hg、Co、Sr、Pb、Ba、Mo、Cu、Ag、Zn、Ni)在区域断裂带上或附近出现异常,异常峰值高且宽度大。从其异常特征、异常组合和相关性的分析可知,As、Pb、Ag、Zn、Sb、Mo等元素是寻找本区铅-锌-银等多金属矿床有效的指示性元素;而元素Sr、Ba是天青石、重晶石矿等非金属矿有效的指示性元素。     

The Nigerian manganese-rich iron-formations and their host rocks—from sedimentation to metamorphism

This investigation deals with the Nigerian iron-formations and their host rocks and is based on about 560 mineral analyses (electron-microprobe) and 93 whole-rock analyses (64 iron-formations and 29 host rocks). The manganese-rich and Al-bearing iron-formations occurring in various schist belts of the northern and southern part of West-Nigeria consist of the magnetite-free silicate, the magnetite–silicate and the quartz-rich hematite facies.Iron-formations and host rocks originated from submarine-volcanogenic exhalations enriched in Fe, Mn and CO₂ and from Al₂O₃, SiO₂ and alkali (K₂O and Na₂O)-rich continental-derived pelitic to psammitic material. From these sources and their interaction and controlled by the volcanogenic activity, differently composed protoliths were deposited in the marine basin during the Birimian time. Subsequent metamorphism of greenschist to low amphibolite facies conditions during the Eburnian time led to the formation of the metaprotoliths of the magnetite–silicate (consisting of predominantly magnetite and quartz and subordinate of garnet and amphibole), the silicate facies (consisting of garnet, amphibole and rarely Mn-bearing ilmenite and quartz) and the metasediment phyllite. Garnets are predominantly almandine–spessartine solid solutions, whereas amphiboles are Mn and Ca-bearing grunerite–cummingtonite solid solutions. In the course of a second tectono-metamorphic event of Pan-African age, the magnetite–silicate facies iron-formation/phyllite association was transformed into the hematite facies and muscovite/biotite schists, whereas the silicate facies is characterized by extensive silicification features. The hematite facies and the silicified silicate facies are restricted to southern Nigeria where the second and heterogeneous tectono-metamorphic event is more pronounced (amphibolite facies conditions) than in northern Nigeria.The genesis, summarized as the metamorphic model, shows that the carbonate-rich (siderite, rhodochrosite and subordinate magnesite and calcite) protoliths were metamorphically transformed into the silicate and magnetite–silicate facies. The separation of Mn and Fe, leading to manganese-bearing iron-formations and iron-bearing manganese-formations was explained by varying pH-conditions, under which siderite (pH: 6.8–9.4) and rhodochrosite (pH: 9–11) precipitated.Similar to the Gunfit and Biwabik iron-formations of Minnesota, USA, the iron-formation of Bingi (Maru schist belt), now present in the form of the fayalite bearing silicate facies, was overprinted by contact metamorphism caused by a gabbro intrusion.