基于GIS的证据权法在浙西铜矿资源成矿预测中的应用

浙江西部地区构造与岩浆活动频繁,区内分布有元古宙和古生代的铜矿成矿有利层位,北东向为主的深大断裂发育且多次活动,神功期和燕山早期的岩浆活动与成矿关系较密切。长期而复杂的地质演化、构造作用和岩浆活动为区内许多矿产的形成提供了良好的条件,铜、金、银等矿产的成矿条件较好。在分析研究区构造、地层、岩石、断裂等特点并在对浙江西部铜矿床的成矿规律深入研究的基础上,利用MapGIS 6.7和MORPAS 3.0软件平台提取构置了来自地质异常、成矿异常等多源信息的多个地质变量信息,将研究区划分为5 km×5 km的网格单元共1 755个,利用证据权法的数学模型对研究区铜矿资源进行预测,最终圈定了5个成矿远景区作为今后工作的重点区域。     

安徽池州马头铜钼矿主成矿元素分布特征及富集机理

马头铜钼矿床是江南过渡带池州段达到详查级别的矿床。根据该矿床的矿化分布特征、6个钻孔的成矿元素分析结果,结合镜下鉴定分析认为,马头铜钼矿床岩浆热源中心位于15线以南的西山岩体深部,成矿流体运移方向呈南南西→北北东、西山岩体深部→浅部、岩体中心→远离岩体的迁移规律。Cu、Mo、W等金属元素的迁移、沉淀、富集不是某一种因素单独造成的,而是各种物理化学和地质因素共同作用的结果,是不同期次成矿流体产物的叠加。研究区成矿流体至少有2期,一期为富含以钼为主、伴生铜的热液,另一期为以富铜为主的热液。     

辽宁姚家沟钼矿床辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄测定及其地质意义

本文对青城子矿田姚家沟钼矿床中的8件辉钼矿样品进行Re-Os同位素分析,所获辉钼矿的模式年龄值为166.1±2.3Ma~169.1±2.5Ma,等时线年龄为168.8±3.9Ma(MSWD=1.12),代表流体成矿年龄,结合姚家沟花岗岩体已有的年代学数据,我们推测姚家沟地区可能存在多期次岩浆侵入,姚家沟钼矿床与168.8±3.9Ma 的岩浆侵入活动有关。结合区域成矿地质背景,我们推断早中侏罗纪时期,姚家沟钼矿床可能受古亚洲洋闭合的影响,是华北板块与西伯利亚板块后碰撞造山阶段构造-岩浆作用及相关流体活动的产物。     

Precambrian geotectonic units of the Río de La Plata craton

The main Precambrian tectonic units of Uruguay include the Piedra Alta tectonostratigraphic terrane (PATT) and Nico Pérez tectonostratigraphic terrane (NPTT), separated by the Sarandí del Yí high-strain zone. Both terranes are well exposed in the Río de La Plata craton (RPC). Although these tectonic units are geographically small, they record a wide span of geologic time. Therefore improved geological knowledge of this area provides a fuller understanding of the evolution of the core of South America. The PATT is constituted by low- to medium-grade metamorphic belts (ca. 2.1 Ga); its petrotectonic associations such as metavolcanic units, conglomerates, banded iron formations, and turbiditic deposits suggest a back-arc or a trench-basin setting. Also in the PATT, a late to post-orogenic, arc-related layered mafic complex (2.3–1.9 Ga), followed by A-type granites (2.08 Ga), and finally a taphrogenic mafic dike swarm (1.78 Ga) occur. The less thoroughly studied NPTT consists of Palaeoproterozoic high-grade metamorphic sequences (ca. 2.2 Ga), mylonites and postorogenic and rapakivi granites (1.75 Ga). The Brasiliano-Pan African orogeny affected this terrane. Neoproterozoic cover occurs in both tectonostratigraphic terranes, but is more developed in the NPTT. Over the past 15 years, new isotopic studies have improved our recognition of different tectonic events and associated processes, such as reactivation of shear zones and fluids circulation. Transamazonian and Statherian tectonic events were recognized in the RPC. Based on magmatism, deformation, basin development and metamorphism, we propose a scheme for the Precambrian tectonic evolution of Uruguay, which is summarized in the first Palaeoproterozoic tectonic map of the Río de La Plata craton.     

Metallogeny of Cretaceous carbonate-hosted Zn–Pb deposits of Iran: geotectonic setting and data integration for future mineral exploration

More than 285 carbonate-hosted Zn–Pb deposits occur in Iran, including world-class deposits such as Mehdiabad and Irankuh. Cretaceous carbonates are the most common host rock for these deposits, which are largely concentrated in the Malayer-Esfahan metallogenic belt (MEMB) and the Yazd-Anarak metallogenic belt (YAMB) and, to a lesser extent, in the Central Iranian geological and structural gradual zone and in the Central Alborz metallogenic belt. To erect a broad metallogenic framework for Cretaceous-hosted Zn–Pb resources in Iran, we integrated a geographic information system data base, including all reported deposits and occurrences of this affinity. A significant correspondence between the distribution of these deposits and the main suture zones in the Iran plate is clearly indicated. In addition, stratiform laminated sulphides are common features in most of the Early Cretaceous deposits (e.g. Irankuh, Ravanj, and Anjireh-Tiran), indicating a synsedimentary origin of these deposits. Most of the Cretaceous-hosted orebodies cluster around the Nain-Baft and Sabzevar Cretaceous suture zones and are associated with two major tectonic events: (1) extensive Early Cretaceous back-arc basin formation, producing, for instance, the Nain-Baft mineralized basin and (2) compressive Late Cretaceous closure of the back-arc basins, reflecting the Laramide orogenesis, for example, around the Nain-Baft and Sabzevar sutures in the west and north of the Central Iranian Microcontinent. Related to the back-arc basin formation and evolution, stratiform sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX)-like (e.g. Irankuh, Vejin, Robat, Takiyeh, and stratiform Ravanj) and Irish-type (e.g. Mehdiabad) Zn–Pb ± Ba deposits formed, whereas basin closure and plate collision triggered basinal fluid flow from the suture towards both sides of the MEMB and the YAMB, thus causing the formation of Late Cretaceous-hosted Mississippi Valley-type provinces (e.g. Nakhlak, stratabound Ravanj, Khanjar-e-Reshm, Chahriseh, and Lapalang deposits) on both sides of the Nain-Baft suture zone. These two different geotectonic scenarios and their evolution explain the distribution pattern of most of the Zn–Pb deposits hosted by Cretaceous sedimentary rocks in Iran. On the other hand, the formation of these deposits is not related to the collision between the Arabian and Iran plates (including the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone), inasmuch as no spatial relationship exists between this tectonic event and the distribution pattern of the deposits, which occurs far away from the collision front. The occurrence of SEDEX-like deposits in continental back-arc basins of the Iran plate confirms that an extensional setting favourable for regional Zn–Pb metallogenesis prevailed during the Early Cretaceous. In addition, Irish-type Zn–Pb mineralization took place in carbonate platforms developed on the passive margins that surrounded the Nain-Baft back-arc oceanic basin (e.g. Mehdiabad deposit).     

Meso–Neoarchaean crustal evolution of the Bundelkhand Craton,Indian Shield: new data from greenstone belts

ABSTRACT

The Mauranipur and Babina greenstone belts of the Bundelkhand Craton are formed of the Central Bundelkhand greenstone complex (CBGC). This complex represents tectonic collage which has not been previously studied in depth. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the understanding of the main features of the Archaean crustal evolution of the Bundelkhand Craton. The CBGC consists of two assemblages: (1) the early assemblage, which is composed of basic-ultramafic, rhyolitic–dacitic, and banded iron formation units, and (2) the late assemblage, which is a felsic volcanic unit. The units and assemblages are tectonically unified with epidote–quartz–plagioclase metasomatic rocks formed locally in these tectonic zones.

The early assemblage of the Mauranipur greenstone belt is estimated at 2810 ± 13 Ma, from the U–Pb dating (SHRIMP, zircon) of the felsic volcanics. Also, there are inherited 3242 ± 65 Ma zircons in this rock. It is deduced that this assemblage is related to early felsic subduction volcanism during the Mesoarchaean that occurred in the Bundelkhand Craton.

Zircons extracted from metasomatic rocks in the early assemblage’s high-Mg basalts show a concordant age of 2687 ± 11 Ma. This age is interpreted as a time of metamorphism that occurred simultaneously with an early accretion stage in the evolution of the Mauranipur greenstone belt.

The felsic volcanism, appearing as subvolcanic bodies in the late assemblage of the Mauranipur greenstone belt, is estimated to be 2557 ± 33 Ma from the U–Pb dating (SHRIMP, zircon) of the felsic volcanic rocks. This rock also contains inherited 2864 ± 46 Ma zircons. The late assemblage of the Mauranipur greenstone belt corresponds with a geodynamic setting of active subduction along the continental margin during Neoarchaean.

The late assemblage Neoarchaean felsic volcanic rocks from the Mauranipur and Babina greenstone belts are comparable in age and geochemical characteristics. The Neoarchaean rocks are more enriched in Sr and Ba and are more depleted in Cr and Ni than the Mesoarchaean felsic volcanic rocks of the early assemblage.

Through isotopic dating and the geochemical analysis of the volcanic and metasomatic rocks of the CBGC, this study has revealed two subduction–accretion events, the Meso–Neoarchaean (2.81–2.7 Ga) and Neoarchaean (2.56–2.53 Ga), during the crustal evolution of the Bundelkhand Craton (Indian Shield).     

江苏成矿地质环境及区域成矿谱系研究

通过地质背景及重要矿产区域成矿特征分析、成矿地质环境研究,对江苏省（含上海市）共划分Ⅲ级成矿区带5个、Ⅳ级成矿亚带7个。划分出省内8个主要成矿系列并建立了成矿谱系,初步研究总结了全省重要矿产区域成矿规律。     

A new interpretation for the interference zone between the southern Brasília belt and the central Ribeira belt,SE Brazil

In southeastern Brazil, the Neoproterozoic NNW–SSE trending southern Brasília belt is apparently truncated by the ENE–WSW central Ribeira belt. Different interpretations in the literature of the transition between these two belts motivated detailed mapping and additional age dating along the contact zone. The result is a new interpretation presented in this paper. The southern Brasília belt resulted from E-W collision between the active margin of the Paranapanema paleocontinent, on the western side, now forming the Socorro-Guaxupé Nappe, with the passive margin of the São Francisco paleocontinent on the eastern side. The collision produced an east vergent nappe stack, the Andrelândia Nappe System, along the suture. At its southern extreme the Brasília belt was thought to be cut off by a shear zone, the “Rio Jaguari mylonites”, at the contact with the Embu terrane, pertaining to the Central Ribeira belt. Our detailed mapping revealed that the transition between the Socorro-Guaxupé Nappe (Brasília belt) and the Embu terrane (Ribeira belt) is not a fault but rather a gradational transition that does not strictly coincide with the Rio Jaguari mylonites. A typical Cordilleran type magmatic arc batholith of the Socorro-Guaxupé Nappe with an age of ca. 640 Ma intrudes biotite schists of the Embu terrane and the age of zircon grains from three samples of metasedimentary rocks, one to the south, one to the north and one along the mylonite zone, show a similar pattern of derivation from a Rhyacian source area with rims of 670–600 Ma interpreted as metamorphic overgrowth. We dated by LA-MC-ICPMS laser ablation (U–Pb) zircon grains from a calc-alkaline granite, the Serra do Quebra-Cangalha Batholith, located within the Embu terrane at a distance of about 40 km south of the contact with the Socorro Nappe, yielding an age of 680 ± 13 Ma. This age indicates that the Embu terrane was part of the upper plate (Socorro-Guaxupé Nappe) by this time. Detailed mapping indicates that the mylonite zone is not a plate boundary because motion along it is maximum a few tens of kilometres and the same litho-stratigraphic units are present on either side. Based on these arguments, the new interpretation is that the Embu terrane is the continuation of the Socorro-Guaxupé Nappe and therefore also part of the active margin of the Paranapanema paleocontinent. The Brasília belt is preserved even further within the central Ribeira belt than previously envisaged.     

松辽盆地北部T2反射层断裂密集带成因机制

松辽盆地北部T2反射层断裂与中浅层油气的运聚成藏关系紧密,揭示T2反射层断裂密集带的成因机制对指导油气勘探至关重要.基于松辽盆地北部区域地震解释,从分析断裂发育特征着手,以断裂形成演化过程为主线,系统剖析了盆地演化不同阶段断裂的变形机制,揭示了T2反射层断裂密集带的形成机制及其对油气运聚成藏的指示作用.研究表明,T2反射层断裂密集带是在断陷演化基础上,在断陷期断裂先存构造、泉一二段塑性泥岩盖层水平拆离作用和近EW向拉张应力场的控制下形成的,全区以近SN向拉张机制伸展型密集带为主,NE向、NW向和近EW向斜拉机制调节型密集带和走滑调节型密集带零星分布.盆地反转期受断陷半地堑、基底深大断裂和左旋压扭变形场控制形成反转构造带的同时,反转构造带内的断裂密集带被逆时针旋转改造而定型,呈NW-NNW向展布为主.反转构造带内T2反射层NW-NNW向断裂密集带边部断裂和未反转区带内T2反射层近SN向断裂密集带边部断裂长期活动,与油气大量生排烃时期匹配,是中浅层油气运聚成藏的油源断层.     

断层对隧道围岩稳定性的影响

针对隧道开挖过程中的隧道围岩稳定性问题, 将地质力学中构造体系的复合及构造演化应用到隧道围岩稳定性分析中去, 分析了各种力学性质的单一式断层、归并复合式断层以及断层交会等的特点和对隧道围岩稳定性的影响, 并通过厦门海底隧道现场实例加以验证。研究结果显示, 断层交会和断层归并复合很容易引起围岩失稳, 断层的其他要素如风化程度、断层走向与隧道中线走向的夹角对围岩稳定性影响也很大。研究为隧道施工提供了有意义的借鉴。