农业系统地图在区域经济布局及规划中的应用

本文探讨了利用农业系统地图直接对区域经济布局及发展作出规划与预测,并将分析和解译地图的结果直接用于指导生产实践的可行性。结果表明,地图就是客观实际的科学模拟,可以揭示出自然与经济、经济系统内部的规律,是研究农业生产合理的规划和布局,发展区域经济和科学预测的极为有效的科学工具。     

Allocation of urban land uses by Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm

Considering the ever-increasing urban population, it appears that land management is of major importance. Land uses must be properly arranged so that they do not interfere with one another and can meet each other's needs as much as possible; this goal is a challenge of urban land-use planning. The main objective of this research is to use Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm to find the optimum arrangement of urban land uses in parcel level, considering multiple objectives and constraints simultaneously. Geospatial Information System is used to prepare the data and to study different spatial scenarios when developing the model. To optimize the land-use arrangement, four objectives are defined: maximizing compatibility, maximizing dependency, maximizing suitability, and maximizing compactness of land uses. These objectives are characterized based on the requirements of planners. As a result of optimization, the user is provided with a set of optimum land-use arrangements, the Pareto-front solutions. The user can select the most appropriate solutions according to his/her priorities. The method was tested using the data of region 7, district 1 of Tehran. The results showed an acceptable level of repeatability and stability for the optimization algorithm. The model uses parcel instead of urban blocks, as the spatial unit. Moreover, it considers a variety of land uses and tries to optimize several objectives simultaneously.     

论土地整理概念的科学界定

土地整理是土地利用的一种发展趋势,目前已成为社会关注的焦点。然而,从国内外的研究情况来看,土地整理的概念、内容都不尽一致。理论上的混乱无疑会给实际工作造成诸多的困扰。本文从分析比较国内外对土地整理的不同观念出发,并结合我国实际,科学地提出了土地整理的经济学概念及确定这一要概念必须遵循的规律。     

尉氏县土地整理复垦开发规划

文章结合在尉氏县的实际工作,阐述了土地整理、复垦、开发的涵义、原则、目标和潜力;分析、制定了尉氏县土地整理、复垦、开发规划方案     

基于快速非支配排序遗传算法的阻尼器多目标优化布置

将快速非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)和并行遗传算法相结合,提出内嵌NSGA-Ⅱ的粗粒度-主从式并行遗传算法。该算法将种群分为多个子种群,每个子种群可独立并行执行NSGA-Ⅱ操作;达到迁移周期时,子种群之间执行迁移操作;完成迁移后,子种群再次独立并行执行NSGA-Ⅱ操作。以最大层间位移角和最大楼层加速度为目标函数,对14层消能减震钢框架结构上的阻尼器布置位置进行优化分析。结果表明：该算法既实现多目标优化,又提高优化速度;对比常规隔层布置方法,该算法可使结构的层间位移角减震系数和加速度减震系数分别至少提高16.82%和16.01%。     

重复利用土击实试验对比及其准确性探讨

土的最大干密度和最优含水率是土方工程中抗压、抗剪、抗渗等性能的关键性指标。基于泾阳地区的马兰黄土,通过室内标准击实试验,对土重复使用和不重复使用的击实曲线进行对比分析,并利用三点二次插值函数的方法建立土的干密度和含水量的函数关系,验证击实试验结果的可靠性。研究表明：泾阳地区马兰黄土的最大干密度为1.735gcm-3,最优含水率为17.07%;重复利用土的最大干密度为1.762gcm-3,最优含水率为16.69%,相对非重复利用土,最大干密度增大1.56%,最优含水量减小2.23%。利用插值函数得到的最优含水率与最大干密度与击实试验的结论基本一致,表明击实试验的准确性。三点二次插值法思路明确、计算简便,为求解最大干密度和最优含水量提供了理论依据,具有较高的适用性。     

软岩钻进用新型复合片钻头的研制与应用

为提高复合片在软岩钻进中的效率及寿命,提出了改变复合片切削齿形状,运用新的布齿方式和新的保径设计,设计制造的Φ76 mmPDC钻头在软岩钻进中取得了良好的效果。详细介绍了该软岩钻头的结构设计及现场应用效果。     

新型预应力路基坡面法向附加应力扩散规律分析

以新型预应力路基为研究对象,基于弹性理论推导预应力加固结构（侧压板和预应力筋）作用下路堤内沿坡面法向的附加应力扩散系数计算公式,并获得侧压板正下方及其2个外延方向的预应力扩散规律。研究表明：（1）理论公式适用的边界条件为侧压板（边长为0.9 m）离路肩距离不小于1倍板宽;（2）法向分解力产生的扩散作用显著大于切向分解力;（3）由于切向荷载作用,侧压板正下方土体的总扩散应力随深度由“腹鼓形”差异分布逐渐过渡呈“腹平状”较均匀分布;（4）各深度平面上最大扩散系数位置随深度发展在作用区中轴线上不断变动;（5）不同区域的扩散效果为板体正下方>上边界外侧>左右边界外侧>下边界外侧,板体两外延方向的平均有效扩散深度达1.6 m。基于ABAQUS有限元软件建立三维精细化路堤模型对理论解进行验证,发现二者结果（包括路肩处）吻合良好,论证了扩散系数理论公式的正确性及适用条件。最后,基于多块侧压板作用下附加应力的分布情况,探寻侧压板的合理布置间距,保障路堤内一定深度处形成一道连续、有效且较为均匀的预压区,改善路堤土的受力状态,并对路堤边坡提供侧向强制约束,利于路基长期稳定。     

软甲纲(节肢动物门:甲壳动物亚门)系统发育线粒体基因组研究

Along with the sequencing technology development and continual enthusiasm of researchers on the mitochondrial genomes, the number of metazoan mitochondrial genomes reported has a tremendous growth in the past decades. Phylomitogenomics—reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships based on mitochondrial genomic data—is now possible across large animal groups. Crustaceans in the class Malacostraca display a high diversity of body forms and include large number of ecologically and commercially important species. In this study, comprehensive and systematic analyses of the phylogenetic relationships within Malacostraca were conducted based on 86 mitochondrial genomes available from Gen Bank. Among 86 malacostracan mitochondrial genomes, 54 species have identical major gene arrangement(excluding t RNAs) to pancrustacean ground pattern,including six species from Stomatopoda, three species from Amphipoda, two krill, seven species from Dendrobranchiata(Decapoda), and 36 species from Pleocyemata(Decapoda). However, the other 32 mitochondrial genomes reported exhibit major gene rearrangements. Phylogenies based on Bayesian analyses of nucleotide sequences of the protein-coding genes produced a robust tree with 100% posterior probability at almost all nodes. The results indicate that Amphipoda and Isopoda cluster together(Edriophthalma)(BPP=100).Phylomitogenomic analyses strong support that Euphausiacea is nested within Decapoda, and closely related to Dendrobranchiata, which is also consistent with the evidence from developmental biology. Yet the taxonomic sampling of mitochondrial genome from Malacostraca is very biased to the order Decapoda, with no complete mitochondrial genomes reported from 11 of the 16 orders. Future researches on sequencing the mitochondrial genomes from a wide variety of malacostracans are necessary to further elucidate the phylogeny of this important group of animals. With the increase in mitochondrial genomes available, phylomitogenomics will emerge as an important component in the Tree of Life researches.