湘西北大庸—古丈—吉首大断裂的新认识

通过1∶5万花垣、古丈地区区域地质矿产调查工作,在系统查明湘西北地区大庸—古丈—吉首大断裂的地表变形特征及断裂两侧早古生代岩石地层单位的岩性、岩相变化及古生物群落分布的基础上,对该断裂的综合研究表明:它是扬子陆块东南缘武陵地块与雪峰地块的重要边界断裂,为长期活动的区域控岩、控相、控矿断裂,这一新认识对湘西北地区锰、铅锌等沉积矿产的找矿与勘查具有指导意义。     

碎石土湿陷性试验研究

采用不同工况的载荷试验、室内常规土工试验和易溶盐试验,分析了碎石土的荷载-沉降曲线特征,探讨了碎石土的湿陷性与湿陷机理。结果表明：碎石土在200 kPa稳定后浸水,再加荷到400 kPa,载荷试验荷载-沉降曲线呈折线型,明显分为三个阶段：压缩变形阶段,湿陷变形阶段,复合变形阶段。场地中4 m厚碎石土具有湿陷性,且湿陷性不均匀。 碎石土湿陷的机理在于其结构是疏松的单粒架空结构。骨架颗粒间存在架空孔隙,且部分架空孔隙由砂质颗粒集合体充填;骨架颗粒间呈点与点接触,或者主要通过黏粒、黏土矿物、易溶盐组成的胶结物而联结在一起;在浸水加荷过程中,黏粒周围薄膜水增厚、粘土矿物自身产生膨胀、易溶盐溶解,导致胶结物的胶结强度丧失,结构失稳,发生湿陷。     

弹性地基中厚板弯曲问题的无网格LRPIM分析

无网格局部径向点插值方法（LRPIM）的形状函数具有Kronecker delta函数的特性,便于施加位移边界条件,不需要进行特殊地处理。采用局部加权残值法推导了双参数弹性地基中厚板的离散系统方程,利用无网格LRPIM对四边简支和四边固支以及筏式双参数弹性地基中厚板的弯曲问题进行了分析和计算。算例表明,用无网格LRPIM分析弹性地基中厚板问题具有非常灵活和易于实现等优点。     

实测板块运动模型修正导航系统监测站坐标精度分析

为了解决卫星导航系统各类地面站的坐标修正问题,必需精确给出各个地面站受地壳板块运动引起的位置变化速度。采用中国地壳运动观测网GPS观测数据计算的实测速度场,利用滑动欧拉矢量建模法建立局部虚拟的板块运动模型,并对虚拟板块运动模型计算的测站速度场的精度进行了分析,结果表明,在东西方向的精度为2.092 mm/a,在南北方向的精度为2.072 mm/a,在点位分布较少的地区和我国边界地区,其精度并没有明显降低,据此指出,该模型可用于我国卫星导航系统各类地面站的坐标修正。     

Configuration of the subducting Philippine Sea slab in the eastern part of southwestern Japan with seismic array and Hi-net data

It is important to know the shape of a subducting slab in order to understand the mechanisms of inter-plate earthquakes and the process of subduction. Seismicity data and converted phases have been used to detect plate boundaries. The configuration of the Philippine Sea slab has been obtained at the western part of southwestern Japan. At the eastern part of southwestern Japan, however, the configuration of the Philippine Sea slab has not yet been confirmed. A spatially high-density seismic network makes it possible to detect the boundaries of the Philippine Sea slab. We used a spatially high-density temporal seismic array in the area. The configuration of the Philippine Sea plate is obtained at the eastern part of southwestern Japan using the temporal seismic array and permanent seismic network data and comparing the seismic structure obtained from the results of refraction surveys. The configuration of the Philippine Sea plate obtained by this study does not bend sharply compared to previous models obtained from receiver function analyses. We delineated the upper boundary of the slab to a depth of about 45 km. The weak image of the boundary, which corresponds to the upper mantle reflector beneath the source area of the 2000 Western Tottori earthquake, was detected using the spatially dense array.     

大河的地质演化与构造控制

基于对全球60条主要的河流（欧亚大陆35条,美洲15条,非洲8条,澳大利亚2条）的综合分析^［1］,介绍了大河的地质演化及其构造控制作用。研究表明,大河流系的地质特征和起源受控于4个因素：  板块构造、气候、火山作用和相对基准面的变化。其中,最重要的因素是板块构造,它决定了大河的位置、大小、形状、流向、生命周期及水系的样式。宽泛地讲,大河系统的形成和演化与威尔逊旋回密切相关,因此,大河的生命周期和全球地形的演化,都与构造旋回有相同的时间尺度。冈瓦纳大陆的裂解以及特提斯洋的闭合,对于欧亚大陆水系样式的形成起到了决定性的作用。在欧亚大陆,注入北冰洋的河流和注入太平洋、印度洋的河流的分水岭与冈瓦纳大陆的北部边缘密切相关。在南美洲和北美洲,是洋-陆板块汇聚以及科迪勒拉-安第斯造山带微陆块的增生决定了美洲大陆主要水系的样式。大河能够长期存在的关键因素在于它要位于克拉通或被动大陆边缘这样的构造相对稳定地区,要有长期存在的大陆倾斜地形,而且流域内不曾发生过荒漠化、大陆冰川作用或火山作用。     

小型非开挖钻机在花岗岩地层穿越施工中的应用

本文介绍了小吨位水平定向钻在岩石层的施工方法及施工机具配置,施工工艺,操作注意事项。     

Primary reasoning behind the double ITCZ phenomenon in a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model

This paper investigates the processes behind the double ITCZ phenomenon, a common problem in Coupled ocean-atmosphere General Circulation Models (CGCMs), using a CGCM-FGCM-0 (Flexible General Circulation Model, version 0). The double ITCZ mode develops rapidly during the first two years of the integration and becomes a perennial phenomenon afterwards in the model. By way of Singular ValueDecomposition (SVD) for SST, sea surface pressure, and sea surface wind, some air-sea interactions are analyzed. These interactions prompt the anomalous signals that appear at the beginning of the coupling to develop rapidly. There are two possible reasons, proved by sensitivity experiments: (1) the overestimatedeast-west gradient of SST in the equatorial Pacific in the ocean spin-up process, and (2) the underestimatedamount of low-level stratus over the Peruvian coast in CCM3 (the Community Climate Model, VersionThree). The overestimated east-west gradient of SST brings the anomalous equatorial easterly. The anomalous easterly, affected by the Coriolis force in the Southern Hemisphere, turns into an anomalouswesterly in a broad area south of the equator and is enhanced by atmospheric anomalous circulationdue to the underestimated amount of low-level stratus over the Peruvian coast simulated by CCM3. Theanomalous westerly leads to anomalous warm advection that makes the SST warm in the southeast Pacific.The double ITCZ phenomenon in the CGCM is a result of a series of nonlocal and nonlinear adjustmentprocesses in the coupled system, which can be traced to the uncoupled models, oceanic component, andatmospheric component. The zonal gradient of the equatorial SST is too large in the ocean componentand the amount of low-level stratus over the Peruvian coast is too low in the atmosphere component.     

方形平板锚抗拉承载力的大变形有限元分析

基于网格重分和改进的REP应力恢复技术,建立了三维大变形有限元方法研究拉力作用下方形平板锚与黏性土地基的相互作用。与常规的小变形有限元不同,大变形分析能够完整模拟平板锚的上拔过程,如果平板锚底面与土体始终保持接触,三维大变形计算得到的方板与圆板抗拉力相差很小;在无重土中的平板在加载初始即与土体脱离时,方板的承载力略低于圆板。大变形分析给出的立即脱离承载力系数与模型试验数据基本吻合,而小变形有限元与下限分析忽略了方形平板锚的长距离上拔过程对其抗拉力的影响,可能高估深锚的承载力。改进估计方形平板锚抗拉承载力的简化方法,方便于工程应用。     

THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF A MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM WITH HEAVY RAINFALL ALONG SOUTH CHINA COASTAL AREA

Observational analysis shows that a Mesoscale Convective System (MCS) occurred on May 13- 14 2004 along the coastal area in South China. The MCS initiated among the southwesterly flows within a west-east orientation low-level shear line. Associated with the system, in its subsequent development stages, no distinct vortex circulation developed in low-level. Instead, a cyclonic flow disturbance was observed in the mid-troposphere. How the convection starts to develop and evolve into a MCS? With observational analysis and numerical simulation, the problem has been studied. The high-resolution MM5 simulation shows that topographic convergence along the coastal line and the nearby mountains in western South China plays an important role to initiate the MCS convection. Once the convection occurs, due to the condensation heating, a cooperative interaction between the preexisting mid-level disturbance and convection is created,which may greatly affect the MCS development during periods when the system continues moving eastward.Compared to some typical MCS that happen in Southern China, which are usually accompanied with upward development of cyclonic vorticity, the development and evolution of the investigated MCS shows distinguishing features. In this article, the physical mechanisms responsible for the intensification of mid- level disturbance are discussed, and a viewpoint to interpret the effects of mid-level disturbance on the MCS organizational development is proposed.