锚板抗拉破坏机制试验研究

锚板上拔过程是一个复杂的锚土相互作用过程,锚板周围土体在上拔过程中的变形破坏机制对于锚板抗拔力的可靠预测具有重要意义。为了对锚板破坏机制进行量化分析,基于LabVIEW软件开发环境,开发了力、位移和图像同步采集系统,该系统由力传感器、位移传感器、相机和一台计算机组成,可对锚板上拔过程中的力、位移和图像进行自动同步采集,从而保证了力、位移和图像的一一对应关系。基于PIV（particle image velocimetry）无干扰测量技术对砂土中锚板在上拔过程中的图像进行了测量分析,得到了锚板周围土体的位移场、剪切应变场和体积应变场。变形场试验结果表明：锚板上拔过程中,锚板上部土体中间部分位移大、两边小,最终形成一个倒置的梯形;剪切应变场显示锚板上拔过程经历了局部剪切带形成,扩展并最终在锚板两侧形成一个倾斜向上并贯通到地面的对称剪切带,剪切过程中剪切带内伴随着剪涨。在峰后阶段,剪切带形状由峰值点内倾转为外倾,锚板两侧边缘处出现局部土体流动软化。该试验结果可为锚板上拔预测模型建立以及设计提供参考依据。     

地基非线性沉降计算原状土切线模量法的推广和应用

根据原状地基的载荷试验曲线,对于试验曲线为任意形式的情况下,提出了直接应用实测压板试验的P-S曲线,依据应力水平确定原状土切线模量的一般方法,建立了应力水平与原状土切线模量的关系。用该切线模量对地基沉降进行分层总和法计算,反映了原状地基土的特点和土的非线性,可以用于较准确地进行地基的沉降计算,且可以计算地基的非线性沉降过程,同时可以克服原切线模量法中假设压板试验曲线为双曲线方程的限制,使原状土切线模量法能应用于更广的范围。通过实例说明了方法的可行性     

大地电磁法正演中多重网格法求解的广义傅里叶谱分析

为了准确预测和分析多重网格法用于大地电磁法正演计算的收敛效果,对多重网格法的收敛性进行了广义傅里叶谱分析。通常情况下,系数矩阵的傅里叶谱是复数,为了直观地判断、提取收敛信息,将谱转换到实数域。在实数域内,特征向量谱定量解释了二重网格法收敛慢的原因（最粗网格用Gauss-Seidel法求解）。传统的局部傅里叶谱分析没有考虑边界条件和模型参数的变化,在分析二重网格法求解收敛性时得出的渐进收敛估计与数值解偏差大。针对这一问题提出广义傅里叶谱分析,其结果与数值解接近（比如2-V（0,1）的广义傅里叶谱分析为0.706,真实值为0.710）。对五重网格法求解的高重广义傅里叶谱分析结果表明,随广义傅里叶谱分析分析重数的增加, 所求渐近收敛估计趋于收敛的数值结果。基于此得出高重广义傅里叶谱分析的经验公式。求得低重广义傅里叶谱分析,通过矫正近似得到高重广义傅里叶谱分析,其结果在本文2个例子有效。     

Seismic performance of a 1 : 15‐scale 25‐story RC flat‐plate core‐wall building model

Earthquake simulation tests were conducted on a 1 : 15‐scale 25‐story building model to verify the seismic performance of high‐rise reinforced‐concrete flat‐plate core‐wall building structures designed per the recent seismic code KBC 2009 or IBC 2006. The following conclusions can be drawn from the test results: (1) The vertical distribution of acceleration during the table excitations revealed the effect of the higher modes, whereas free vibration after the termination of the table excitations was governed by the first mode. The maximum values of base shear and roof drift during the free vibration are either similar to or larger than the values of the maximum responses during the table excitation. (2) With a maximum roof drift ratio of 0.7% under the maximum considered earthquake in Korea, the lateral stiffness degraded to approximately 50% of the initial stiffness. (3) The crack modes appear to be a combination of flexure and shear in the slab around the peripheral columns and in the coupling beam. Energy dissipation via inelastic deformation was predominant during free vibration after the termination of table excitation rather than during table excitation. Finally, (4) the walls with special boundary elements in the first story did not exhibit any significant inelastic behavior, with a maximum curvature of only 21% of the ultimate curvature, corresponding to an ultimate concrete compressive strain of 0.00638 m/m intended in the displacement‐based design approach. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

排水板和砂井联合堆载预压加固海相软土地基的工作性状的现场试验

针对场地内夹杂岸堤、塘埂和人行道路网的深厚海相软土地基处理,提出塑料排水板和袋装砂井联合堆载预压加固方法,并通过现场试验研究该类地基在路堤填筑及堆载预压过程中的地表及深层沉降特性、超孔隙水压力消散机制和地基水平位移规律等工作性状。结果表明,采用该方法处理深厚海相软土地基具有良好的加固效果,地基沉降大部分在填筑期和预压期间发生,有效降低了场地的工后沉降和施工工期,可为沿海深厚复杂海相软土地基加固处理提供参考;塑料排水板和袋装砂井联合堆载预压处理地基的沉降-时间曲线呈多级式发展,袋装砂井处理部位的沉降量小于塑料排水板处;软基上部土体的排水效果明显优于中、下部土体,排水板处理区域的超孔隙水压力大于砂井处理区域;软基顶部土体向堆载区域移动,地表3 m以下的软土层被挤向堆载处理区域外。     

湘西北大庸—古丈—吉首大断裂的新认识

通过1∶5万花垣、古丈地区区域地质矿产调查工作,在系统查明湘西北地区大庸—古丈—吉首大断裂的地表变形特征及断裂两侧早古生代岩石地层单位的岩性、岩相变化及古生物群落分布的基础上,对该断裂的综合研究表明:它是扬子陆块东南缘武陵地块与雪峰地块的重要边界断裂,为长期活动的区域控岩、控相、控矿断裂,这一新认识对湘西北地区锰、铅锌等沉积矿产的找矿与勘查具有指导意义。     

碎石土湿陷性试验研究

采用不同工况的载荷试验、室内常规土工试验和易溶盐试验,分析了碎石土的荷载-沉降曲线特征,探讨了碎石土的湿陷性与湿陷机理。结果表明：碎石土在200 kPa稳定后浸水,再加荷到400 kPa,载荷试验荷载-沉降曲线呈折线型,明显分为三个阶段：压缩变形阶段,湿陷变形阶段,复合变形阶段。场地中4 m厚碎石土具有湿陷性,且湿陷性不均匀。 碎石土湿陷的机理在于其结构是疏松的单粒架空结构。骨架颗粒间存在架空孔隙,且部分架空孔隙由砂质颗粒集合体充填;骨架颗粒间呈点与点接触,或者主要通过黏粒、黏土矿物、易溶盐组成的胶结物而联结在一起;在浸水加荷过程中,黏粒周围薄膜水增厚、粘土矿物自身产生膨胀、易溶盐溶解,导致胶结物的胶结强度丧失,结构失稳,发生湿陷。     

弹性地基中厚板弯曲问题的无网格LRPIM分析

无网格局部径向点插值方法（LRPIM）的形状函数具有Kronecker delta函数的特性,便于施加位移边界条件,不需要进行特殊地处理。采用局部加权残值法推导了双参数弹性地基中厚板的离散系统方程,利用无网格LRPIM对四边简支和四边固支以及筏式双参数弹性地基中厚板的弯曲问题进行了分析和计算。算例表明,用无网格LRPIM分析弹性地基中厚板问题具有非常灵活和易于实现等优点。     

实测板块运动模型修正导航系统监测站坐标精度分析

为了解决卫星导航系统各类地面站的坐标修正问题,必需精确给出各个地面站受地壳板块运动引起的位置变化速度。采用中国地壳运动观测网GPS观测数据计算的实测速度场,利用滑动欧拉矢量建模法建立局部虚拟的板块运动模型,并对虚拟板块运动模型计算的测站速度场的精度进行了分析,结果表明,在东西方向的精度为2.092 mm/a,在南北方向的精度为2.072 mm/a,在点位分布较少的地区和我国边界地区,其精度并没有明显降低,据此指出,该模型可用于我国卫星导航系统各类地面站的坐标修正。     

Configuration of the subducting Philippine Sea slab in the eastern part of southwestern Japan with seismic array and Hi-net data

It is important to know the shape of a subducting slab in order to understand the mechanisms of inter-plate earthquakes and the process of subduction. Seismicity data and converted phases have been used to detect plate boundaries. The configuration of the Philippine Sea slab has been obtained at the western part of southwestern Japan. At the eastern part of southwestern Japan, however, the configuration of the Philippine Sea slab has not yet been confirmed. A spatially high-density seismic network makes it possible to detect the boundaries of the Philippine Sea slab. We used a spatially high-density temporal seismic array in the area. The configuration of the Philippine Sea plate is obtained at the eastern part of southwestern Japan using the temporal seismic array and permanent seismic network data and comparing the seismic structure obtained from the results of refraction surveys. The configuration of the Philippine Sea plate obtained by this study does not bend sharply compared to previous models obtained from receiver function analyses. We delineated the upper boundary of the slab to a depth of about 45 km. The weak image of the boundary, which corresponds to the upper mantle reflector beneath the source area of the 2000 Western Tottori earthquake, was detected using the spatially dense array.