旅游规划理论的结构

该文阐述旅游规划理论体系的结构,旨在解决众多理论之间的“接口”问题。     

柴北缘锡铁山地区滩间山群构造变形分析

初步构造变形分析表明 ,柴北缘锡铁山地区的早古生代变质火山岩系 -滩间山群在加里东期碰撞造山过程中经历了两期构造变形 :第一期为垂直造山带的挤压缩短变形 ,形成一系列紧闭褶皱、区域片理和大型韧性剪切带 ;第二期为平行造山带的挤压缩短变形 ,形成区域透入性共轭破劈理或膝折带。这两期变形是柴北缘加里东期碰撞造山带的斜向碰撞造山过程中不同阶段变形特征的体现。这种构造型式可能对于认识斜向碰撞造山带的构造动力学的转换过程具有重要意义。     

弹性地基上水工结构各向异性Mindlin底板计算分析的无单元法（EFGM）

无单元法（element free galerkin method）是一种基于滑动最小二乘法构造插值函数的无网格数值方法。以该方法中插值函数及其导函数为基础,从变分原理出发,建立了弹性地基上正交各向异性Mindlin板的无单元法求解控制方程,其中弹性地基采用Winkler地基模型。对该理论方法进行了相应的程序实现,最后通过算例分析表明了提出方法用于水工结构中弹性地基板问题分析的可行性和有效性。     

应力状态对膨胀土SWCC的影响研究

探讨了应力对膨胀土的土-水特征曲线的影响。试验研究表明：膨胀土的首次干湿循环过程的“滞后”现象明显。应力状态对膨胀土的土-水特征曲线影响显著,与常规试验方法相比,一维固结状态和各向等压应力状态下的土-水特征曲线更具线性关系,干湿循环甚至出现了逆向回滞现象。     

广西一次飑线大风天气的成因和预警分析

本文利用常规探测资料、多普勒天气雷达资料、自动站观测资料等对2013年3月27-28日发生在广西的一次飑线大风天气过程进行跟踪及监测预警,对其大尺度环流背景、雷达回波特征以及灾害性大风形成原因进行了较为详细的分析与研究。结果表明:此次飑线过程是由高空冷槽与地面高压后部形势所引起的;假相当位温、T-logp图等分析表明广西上空具有较好的热力、动力条件;地面辐合线触发初始对流活动;发展成熟的飑线地面气压场上存在雷暴高压、飑前低压和飑后低压等中尺度特征;飑线大风等灾害性天气出现在地面高压前侧气压梯度大值区和飑线的断裂处;雷达图像上中层径向辐合、反射率因子核心和中层风速大值区逐渐降低以及垂直风廓线图中低层风的转变等特征信息对地面大风天气临近预警有较好的指示意义;降水粒子的拖曳作用和飑线的快速移动都对地面大风的产生及增幅有一定的作用。     

多年冻土区路基路面变形及应力的数值分析

针对青藏公路路基下发育多年冻土融化盘的实际情况,选择两种模型,应用ABAQUS有限元分析软件,对冻土路基从修筑到开放交通过程中的路基路面位移及应力进行了分析.结果表明:冻土路基以融沉为主的变形,一般情况下以路中心下最大,变形呈凹形;当路基下融化盘偏移时,最大变形位置随之偏移;路面层底拉应力最大,对融沉变形反映敏感;路面顶部压应力最大值出现在轴载作用位置,面层应力对轴载反映敏感.计算模型断面尺寸、路基填料、路面结构等对青藏公路具有代表性,在3.6 m路基总高度条件下,无论路基下融化盘偏移与否,融化盘厚达0.5 m时路基顶部(路面层底)拉应力即达基层抗拉强度,显示路基融沉变形可能导致路基失稳及路面破坏,此时路基高度即达最大值.     

Variability of unsaturated Bromide fluxes as measured through a layered volcanic vadose zone in New Zealand

The measured drainage fluxes through a layered volcanic vadose zone exhibited high spatial variability as a consequence of heterogeneous flow conditions. The drainage flux variability was quantified using automated equilibrium tension lysimeters, installed in close‐proximity and resulted in high variability in the Br masses recovered from a conservative tracer experiment. The primary cause of the heterogeneous flow was attributed to textural changes occurring at the interface between volcanic layers, resulting in development of funnel‐flow patterns, and further enhanced by the existence of hydrophobic conditions. The Br recoveries in individual automated equilibrium tension lysimeters were used to determine the corresponding variable sizes of the surface areas contributing drainage to the lysimeters. The tracer experiment confirmed the existence of unsaturated lateral transport occurring at the sloping interface of the coarse Taupo Ignimbrite material with the silty Palaeosol layer at approximately 4.2 m depth. This study demonstrates that measurements of both flux and solute concentrations at multiple locations are essential when heterogeneous flow is suspected to be present, to be able to determine reliable estimates of contaminant leaching through the vadose zone at the plot scale. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

内蒙古哈达门沟地区黑云母击象及其构造意义

黑云母击象构造是一种快速受力、脆性变形的产物。文章阐述了内蒙古哈达门沟地区新太古界乌拉山群变质岩中的黑云母发育的击象构造特征,认为黑云母击象明显受到退变质作用和混合岩化作用及韧性剪切作用,很可能是形成于新太古代末—古元古代初呼和浩特—包头断裂和临河—集宁断裂产生的地震作用中;新太古代岩石中黑云母击象的存在也证明了华北地块在新太古代末—古元古代初已经具备了较强的刚度,板块构造理论适用范围的最早时限很可能向前推移到新太古代。     

滇西北高原一次暴雨过程诊断分析

利用常规资料、自动站降水资料和卫星云图资料分析了2014云南省丽江市首场区域性暴雨过程。结果表明此次过程是高空槽东移引导弱冷空气南下,同时受500 h Pa两高辐合区和700 h Pa切变线共同影响所致;孟加拉湾水汽为此次暴雨过程的主要水汽来源,同时强水汽辐合中心的存在和移动过程经过丽江是此次区域性暴雨形成的主要特征;强降水时段低层辐合高层辐散且有强烈的斜压上升运动;中尺度对流云团的合并及加强,TBB值小于220 K是此次强降水的一个特征。     

基于理论模型与美国经验证据的城市增长序贯模式(英文)

City growth patterns are attracting more attention in urban geography studies. This paper examines how cities develop and grow in the upper tail of size distribution in a large-scale economy based on a theoretical model under new economic geography framework and the empirical evidence from the US. The results show that cities grow in a sequential pattern. Cities with the best economic conditions are the first to grow fastest until they reach a critical size, then their growth rates slow down and the smaller cities farther down in the urban hierarchy become the fastest-growing ones in sequence. This paper also reveals three related features of urban system. First, the city size distribution evolves from low-level balanced to primate and finally high-level balanced pattern in an inverted U-shaped path. Second, there exist persistent discontinuities, or gaps, between city size classes. Third, city size in the upper tail exhibits conditional convergence characteristics. This paper could not only contribute to enhancing the understanding of urbanization process and city size distribution dynamics, but also be widely used in making effective policies and scientific urban planning.