大巴山晚中生代陆内造山构造应力场

位于中上扬子板块北缘的大巴山造山带, 平面上表现为大尺度向南西显著突出的弧形带, 无论在变形样式和形成时间上都明显与秦岭造山带不同。在大巴山构造格架划分和野外构造变形观测基础上, 通过构造解析, 结合年代学研究成果, 重建了大巴山晚中生代独特的构造应力场, 指出大巴山属陆内造山, 形成于J2末, 并持续到K2初期。其构造应力场特征, 以城口－房县断裂为界, 大巴山逆冲推覆带与其前陆冲断褶皱带的特征显著不同。大巴山逆冲推覆带主要表现为NE-SW向构造挤压, 而在大巴山弧形前陆带从西向东, 由近E-W向挤压, 转变为NE-SW向挤压, 最后转变为近S-N向挤压, 构成一向其外缘扩散的放射状构造应力场。总之, 大巴山造山带由推覆体向前陆, 构造挤压作用由北东向南西方向扩散。这期构造挤压作用控制了大巴山造山带陆内变形活动, 导致大巴山由北东向南西的显著缩短, 同时受到其东西两侧基底隆起——神农架－黄陵地块与汉南地块的强烈阻挡, 造就了现今的大巴山前陆弧型构造。其动力学背景可归因于晚中生代东亚板块多向汇聚。大巴山晚中生代陆内造山构造应力场的研究, 对探讨秦岭造山带动力学特征具有科学意义, 为研究川东北油气运聚规律提供了构造地质学依据。     

新疆东天山斑岩型铜矿带及其大地构造格局

新疆哈密南部发现的土屋、延东大型斑岩铜(钼)矿床,构成了东天山斑岩铜矿带。其中成矿的斜长花岗斑岩同位素年龄为369～356 Ma(Rb-Sr等时线法和单颗粒锆石U-Pb法),辉钼矿的同位素年龄为320 Ma(Re-Os等时线法),蚀变岩的同位素年龄为341～310Ma,含矿围岩由粗面质玄武岩到粗安岩,可能属于泥盆纪(416Ma,Sm-Nd法;>356 Ma、390 Ma、440 Ma,单颗粒锆石U-Pb法)。矿床成因归属为岛弧火山—深成作用产物。斑岩铜矿带的南部为著名的康古尔塔格金矿带,再往南为星星峡银矿带。这些造山带矿床组合由北而南构成斑岩型铜(钽)矿带→韧性剪切带型和浅成热液型金矿带→浅成热液型(构造蚀变带型)钼矿带,显示了构造岩浆是由北而南下插的,岩浆侵位时间北老南新,花岗质岩浆源区的部分熔融深度由北而南加深。反映壳幔演化的东天山构造岩浆作用从370 Ma到240 Ma、从北部的哈尔里克和康古尔塔格到南部的中天山,似乎存在一个连续的花岗质岩浆演化带,丝毫看不到深部作用过程由于古生代东天山数度拉张沦为海槽而被中断的迹象。基于以上主要证据,本文综合讨论了东天山斑岩型铜矿、韧性剪切带型金矿和构造蚀变带型银矿的形成机制及其大地构造格局,建立了东天山造山带的成矿模型,为今后找矿开辟了新方向。     

DETRITAL ZIRCON U-PB DATING OF MODERN RIVERS' DEPOSITS IN PAMIR,SOUTH TIAN SHAN AND THEIR CONVERGENCE ZONE

By dating detrital zircon U-Pb ages of deposition sequence in foreland basins, we can analyze the provenance of these zircons and further infer the tectonic history of the mountain belts. This is a new direction of the zircon U-Pb chronology. The precondition of using this method is that we have to have all-around understanding to the U-Pb ages of the rocks of the orogenic belts, while the varied topography, high altitude of the zircon U-Pb ages of the orogenic belts are very rare and uneven. This restricts the application of this method. Modern river deposits contain abundant geologic information of their provenances, so we can probe the zircon U-Pb ages of the geological bodies in the provenances by dating the detrital zircon U-Pb ages of modern rivers' deposits. We collected modern river deposits of 14 main rivers draining from Pamir, South Tian Shan and their convergence zone and conducted detrital zircon U-Pb dating. Combining with the massive bed rock zircon U-Pb ages of the magmatic rocks and the detrital zircon U-Pb ages of the modern fluvial deposit of other authors, we obtained the distribution characteristics of zircon U-Pb ages of different tectonic blocks of Pamir and South Tian Shan. Overlaying on the regional geological map, we pointed out the specific provenance geological bodies of different U-Pb age populations and speculated the existence of some new geological bodies. The results show that different tectonic blocks have different age peaks. The main age peaks of South Tian Shan are 270~289Ma and 428~449Ma, that of North Pamir are 205~224Ma and 448~477Ma, Central Pamir 36~40Ma, and South Pamir 80~82Ma and 102~106Ma. The Pamir syntaxis locates at the west end of the India-Eurasia collision zone. The northern boundary of the Pamir is the Main Pamir Thrust(MPT)and the Pamir Front Thrust(PFT). In the Cenozoic, because of the squeezing action of the India Plate, the Pamir thrust a lot toward the north and the internal terranes of the Pamir strongly uplifted. For the far-field effect of the India-Eurasia collision, the Tian Shan on the north margin of the Tarim Basin also uplifted intensely during this period. Extensive exhumation went along with these upliftings. The material of the exhumation was transported to the foreland basin by rivers, which formed the very thick Cenozoic deposition sequence. These age peaks can be used as characteristic ages to recognize these tectonic blocks. These results lay a solid foundation for tracing the convergence process of Pamir and South Tian Shan in Cenozoic with the help of detrital zircon U-Pb ages of sediments in the foreland basin.     

地震活动相关性定量方法及其在印度板块动力触角对中国西部地区地震影响中的应用

针对地震活动相关性分析的实际需要,提出了一种定量分析不同区域地震活动相关性的方法。以此研究了印度板块东、西触角强震对青藏块体地震活动的影响,结果表明阿萨姆地区的强震活动与青藏块体的强震活动具有很高的相关性,而帕米尔地区的强震影响较小。通过与R值评分及基于板块动力作用分析结果的比较,证实了本方法的有效性。     

大陆地质与大陆构造和大陆动力学

当代地球科学发展的新需求与板块构造对大陆地质的深化研究,使大陆问题成为21世纪地学发展的前沿研究领域、热点和关键。文中在提出“大陆动力学”研究20多年后的今天,进行关于大陆研究的新思考,从讨论厘定大陆研究的有关争议概念、大陆的基本问题、中国大陆构造的典型实例以及与世界同类范例的简要对比出发,综合概括了大陆地质与大陆构造和大陆动力学研究的关键科学问题与进一步探索研究的思考课题。提出了在大陆研究中,在进一步精确深化板块构造对大陆的研究的同时,应突出加强大陆构造中有无非板块构造动力及其远程效应的大陆内的、在深部动力学与陆块间差异非均衡背景下由陆内陆块间相互作用导致的真正陆内构造及其动力学问题的研究,以便为深化发展板块构造、认知大陆、探索大陆动力学、构建包括板块构造在内新的行星地球构造观作出努力与探索。     

From foredeep to orogenic wedge-top: The Cretaceous Songliao retroforeland basin,China

Songliao Basin, the largest Mesozoic intracontinental nonmarine basin in eastern China, initiated during the latest Jurassic as a backarc extensional basin; rifting failed and thermal cooling controlled subsidence through the early Late Cretaceous. Integrating 2-D and 3D reflection seismic and borehole data with regional geological studies, we interpret sedimentary sequence and structural patterns of the Coniacian-Maastrichtian fill of Songliao Basin as defining a retroforeland basin system developed after 88 Ma (marked by the T11 unconformity in the basin), including (1) significant increase in the thickness of the Nenjiang Formation eastward towards orogenic highlands of the Zhangguangcai Range and the convergent continental margin; (2) a shift of detrital provenance in the basin from north to southeast; and (3) propagation of E-W shortened structures, increasing eastward in amplitude, frequency, and degree of inversion toward the orogen. During latest Cretaceous, foreland basin fill progressively deformed, as the foredeep evolved to a wedge-top tectonic setting, marked by the basin-wide T04 unconformity within the upper Nenjiang Formation at 81.6 Ma. Much of the basin was brought into the orogenic wedge and eroded by the end of the Cretaceous. Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous backarc rifting of uncratonized basement comprised of accreted terranes likely facilitated and localized the foreland. Synrift normal faults reactivated and extensively inverted as thrust faults are prominent in the eastern 1/3 of the basin, whereas folds developed above detachments in shaley early post-rift strata dominate the western 2/3 of the basin. Songliao foreland development likely was driven by changing plate dynamics and collision along the Pacific margin after 88 Ma.     

利用雷达资料反演方法对北京地区一次强对流天气过程的分析

利用多普勒雷达变分分析系统(VDRAS),对2006年8月1日傍晚北京城区出现的一次强对流天气过程(伴有冰雹、大风及强降水)的三维风场、温度场进行了初步分析.结果表明:(1)初始对流生成于北京西北部山区的河北省境内,系统过山移进北京城区时,受局地的动力及热力条件作用,迅速组织并强烈发展,形成带状的MCS即飑线;(2)在飑线生成之前,北京城区及东南部边界层低层存在较强的东风气流,并迅速扩展向西北方向延伸,与过山的西北偏北气流形成强的边界层辐合线.该近地面辐合线是飑线生成的主要触发机制,而边界层低层东风的加强和减弱以及北进和南退对辐合线的维持、飑线的生成、发展和减弱都起着重要的作用;(3)在边界层辐合线的作用下,不断有新生对流系统发展;(4)对流系统在整个发展过程中呈明显的带状分布特征,是一次典型的飑线过程,并伴有明显的阵风锋.     

梅雨锋上两类中尺度对流系统形成的边界层特征

采用具有较高时空分辨率的地面观测资料以及WRF（Weather reasearch and forecasting）模式输出资料,分析了2009年6月29一-30日梅雨锋暴雨过程中两类不同的中尺度对流系统（rnesoscale convective system,MCS）边界层特征及边界层对两类MCS的触发维持机理,重点分析了海平面气压场特征、边界层冷池、干线及其在MCS中的影响。结果表明：两类中尺度对流系统的海平面气压特征存在着明显的差异,对流爆发阶段地面风场存在辐合线,再次激发阶段气压场呈“跷跷板”型的中尺度扰动,即由前置中低压和后置中高压组成,最强的对流带位于中低压和中高压之间的过渡区内;边界层辐合线是第一类中尺度对流系统（MCSl）维持的重要因素;MCSl爆发后边界层冷池生成,冷池前的冷出流与低层环境风产生的强辐合触发了第二类中尺度对流系统（MCS2）;存在于中低压和中高压之间的中尺度干线是MCS2的重要特点之一。     

几种滤波器对地面飑线场的中尺度滤波试验

本文用Ｂａｒｎｅｓ带通滤波法，二十五点格式滤波法，对含有地面幅合线和飑线的地面加密观测资料和客观分析资料进行了中尺度滤波试验，结果表明，三种滤波器的作用结果都胡有效突出地面辐合线和飑线的中尺度特征，其中Ｂａｒｎｅｓ法的性能和结果较理想，二十五点法和高阶高通法各有特点。     

“6.19”湖南大范围暴雨中“列车效应”的多普勒雷达特征

利用常规气象观测探测、中尺度自动气象站资料和多普勒天气雷达资料,对2010年6月18—20日湖南省大范围暴雨过程进行分析,着重分析该过程中＂列车效应＂的多普勒雷达特征。结果表明：深厚湿层是产生高降水率的水汽来源,中低层垂直风切变使对流系统具有高度的组织性,可使强降水维持更长时间,有利于大暴雨产生;低质心、高效率的大面积降水回波（≥40 dBz）较长时间源源不断从湘北经过产生＂列车效应＂,导致湘中以北大范围暴雨甚至大暴雨;冷暖平流和辐合相叠加的径向速度特征、中气旋、低空急流的维持使＂列车效应＂长时间维持;利用多普勒天气雷达快速识别强降水回波和＂列车效应＂并对其维持时间作出预测,可为及时、准确发布暴雨预警与预报提供可靠依据。