《东北地区1：150万大地构造相图》的编制

东北地区1：150万大地构造相图是2018年出版的一份区域性大地构造图.该图依据不断积累和丰富的基础地质资料,将大地构造理论研究与综合应用汇总和集成,是东北地区科技创新成果和技术方法进步转化应用的重要体现.此次编图以板块构造理论和大陆动力学思维为指导,以多岛洋、弧-盆系发展演化观点为切入点,运用大地构造相分析方法,研究东北地区地壳形成、演化历史,以及大地构造环境及其与成矿作用的时空关系.较系统地阐述了东北地区的岩石构造组合、建造构造与构造演化阶段的宏观背景.     

The earliest stage of Izu rear‐arc volcanism revealed by drilling at Site U1437, International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 350

The International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 350 drilled between two Izu rear‐arc seamount chains at Site U1437 and recovered the first complete succession of rear‐arc rocks. The drilling reached 1806.5 m below seafloor. In situ hyaloclastites, which had erupted before the rear‐arc seamounts came into existence at this site, were recovered in the deepest part of the hole (～15–16 Ma). Here it is found that the composition of the oldest rocks recovered does not have rear‐arc seamount chain geochemical signatures, but instead shows affinities with volcanic front or some of the extensional zone basalts between the present volcanic front and the rear‐arc seamount chains. It is suggested that following the opening of the Shikoku back‐arc Basin, Site U1437 was a volcanic front or a rifting zone just behind the volcanic front, and was followed at ~ 9 Ma by the start of rear‐arc seamount chains volcanism. This geochemical change records variations in the subduction components with time, which might have followed eastward moving of hot fingers in the mantle wedge and deepening of the subducting slab below Site U1437 after the cessation of Shikoku back‐arc Basin opening.     

Radiolarian‐based study on the fabric and the formation process of the Early Cretaceous mélange near Zhongba,Yarlung–Tsangpo Suture Zone,southern Tibet

The Yarlung–Tsangpo Suture Zone (YTSZ), as the southernmost and youngest among the sutures that subdivides the Tibetan Plateau into several east–west trending blocks, marks where the Neo‐Tethys was consumed as the Indian continent moved northward and collided against the Eurasian continent. Mélanges in the YTSZ represent the remnants of the oceanic plate through subduction and collision. Mélanges are characterized by a highly sheared volcanoclastic or siliceous mudstone matrix including blocks of chert, claystone, and basalt. Detailed radiolarian analyses are conducted on the mélange near Zhongba County. Macroscopic, mesoscopic, and microscopic observations are combined in order to elucidate the relationships among age, lithology, and structure of blocks in the mélange. Reconstructed ocean plate stratigraphy includes Lower Jurassic limestone within the chert sequence accumulated at a depth near the CCD (Unit 2), Upper Jurassic thin‐bedded chert interbedded with claystone deposited in the wide ocean basin (Unit 3), and Lower Cretaceous chert with siliceous mudstone (Units 4 and 5), representing the middle parts of ocean plate stratigraphy. The results highlight the fabric of brecciated chert on mesoscopic scale, which is thought to be due to localized overpressure. The formation of mesoscopic and microscopic block‐in‐matrix fabrics in the mélange is proposed for the chert and siliceous mudstone bearing different extents of consolidation and competence during the progressive deformation of accreted sediments at shallow‐level subduction.     

双平板式透空堤消能效果评价方法

双平板式透空堤具有较为优越的消浪性能备受专家学者关注。目前关于其消浪性能的评价多采用透射波高法开展,仅考虑波高一个参数。本文采用透射波高法、波浪能量法和波能流法分别对平板式透空堤的消能效果进行评价,结果表明,综合考虑波高、水深和周期三个参数的波能流法更加全面与深入。探讨了双平板式透空堤迎浪向与背浪向处波能流的主要影响因素,结果表明,相对板宽、位置参数和波高大小对波能流的影响较板间距和潜深更加显著。     

2012年7月下旬河套地区4次切变暴雨的对比分析

应用日常预报业务中可以方便使用的常规观测资料、数值预报产品、卫星云图、加密自动站观测资料以及雷达资料等,从环流背景、流型配置、物理机制等方面对比分析了河套地区4次暴雨过程,旨在提高对暴雨的短期预报预测能力及短时强降水的临近预警能力。分析发现：（1）副热带高压西侧的偏南气流以及来自孟加拉湾的暖湿偏南气流在35°—40°N与来自高纬度的干冷的偏北气流多次交汇,水汽在该带中明显辐合,为河套地区持续性暴雨发生发展提供源源不断的水汽,提供水汽辐合上升动力条件;（2）暴雨落区与低层的显著流线出口区或急流出口区的位置、切变线的位置密切相关,暴雨一般落在高空急流的右侧、低空急流的左侧;（3）暴雨天气出现前一般会出现500 hPa以下θ随高度的增加而减少的特征;（4）暴雨天气出现前一般都会出现风随高度顺转的特征;（5）暴雨过程中地面辐合线起到动力抬升作用,触发中小尺度系统的生成和发展;（6）抬升凝结高度和自由对流高度都比较低,利于水汽凝结,而平衡高度较高,利于能量的积累,对于对流天气的预报有较好的指示意义。     

高云与高层垂直速度关系的个例研究Ⅱ.动力学分析

观测表明,高云的夏季块状分布和冬季带状分布,与低层赤道辐合带的夏季与冬季的形状十分相似;并且卷云和卷层云可以独立于深对流单独存在.作者对这两个观测分析结果进行动力学分析,结论如下:1)由于印度洋北面是青藏高原与亚洲大陆,夏季不能在北面副热带地区形成反气旋,从而印度洋赤道北面为西南气流,导致了赤道辐合带在该地区断裂并且相应的深对流在亚洲季风区的块状分布.2)利用斜压超长波理论,将Rodwell等的亚洲季风单向模型(即非绝热加热导致季风形成)作了修改,扩展为双向闭合模型.印度洋跨赤道偏南风产生大范围水汽辐合,其与地形的共同作用,产生了降水云系的高层加热,由于Sverdrup涡度平衡关系,导致了低层的偏南风而形成了一个相互作用的闭合过程,从而表明了亚洲夏季风是准定常的.3)通过详细分析涡度方程,证明除了恰好在赤道上之外,赤道辐合带上的水平辐合均会产生涡,并且这些涡由点涡(涡度的奇异部分)与各种尺度的涡(涡度的正则部分)组成.正涡度对应于云区,负涡度对应于晴空区,与赤道辐合带(ITCZ)的观测结果一致.4)由于辐合和切变产生涡,得到赤道辐合带和深对流的带状准定常维持的动力机制,即:由于赤道辐合带的辐合,其南北风辐合与东西风切变将产生涡,其与水汽的共同作用产生了深对流的上升降水云系,而降水云系的潜热诱导上升,进一步加强了水平辐合,从而表明了赤道辐合带的带状准定常维持的中介是不同尺度的涡.5)卷云和卷层云可以独立于深对流的原因是热带卷云和卷层云与流场是可以互相激发的,深对流不是其唯一的源.     

Time-domain numerical and segmented ship model experimental analyses of hydroelastic responses of a large container ship in oblique regular waves

Real sea conditions are characterized by multidirectional sea waves. However, the prediction of hull load responses in oblique waves is a difficult problem due to numeral divergence. This paper focuses on the investigation of numerical and experimental methods of load responses of ultra-large vessels in oblique regular waves. A three dimensional nonlinear hydroelastic method is proposed. In order to numerically solve the divergence problem of time-domain motion equations in oblique waves, a proportional, integral and derivative (PID) autopilot model is applied. A tank model measurement methodology is used to conduct experiments for hydroelastic responses of a large container ship in oblique regular waves. To implement the tests, a segmented ship model and oblique wave testing system are designed and assembled. Then a series of tests corresponding to various wave headings are carried out to investigate the vibrational characteristics of the model. Finally, time-domain numerical simulations of the ship are carried out. The numerical analysis results by the presented method show good agreement with experimental results.     

Hg对锦州湾表层沉积物异养细菌代谢酶活性的影响研究

为了解重金属Hg对锦州湾海域表层沉积物中异养细菌的主要代谢酶的影响,采用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法对锦州湾表层沉积物中重金属Hg开展潜在生态风险评价,利用平板扩散法测定了9个站位沉积物中异养细菌四种水解酶活性。结果显示:锦州湾海域表层沉积物中重金属污染严重,Hg的含量和潜在生态危害河口最为严重,向外逐步递减,表明本海域表层沉积物中的Hg主要由陆源输入;表层沉积物中异养细菌水解酶活性与抗性异养菌比例均表现为西南部河口区高于东北部外海海域,与重金属Hg的含量分布及Hakanson潜在生态危害指数基本相似,这表明长期高浓度的重金属污染,改变了锦州湾海域表层沉积物中的异养菌的生理代谢过程,在生理或遗传物质上对重金属产生了一定的抗性;磷酸酶、蛋白酶、脂肪酶与沉积物中Hg的含量具有显著正相关性,说明其对重金属Hg较为敏感,在一定程度上可作为反映锦州湾海域沉积物中重金属Hg污染状况的生物学指标。     

没水倾斜板式防波堤消波性能分析

提出了一种将波浪中倾斜板问题等效化简为波浪中水平板单元组的方法,该方法建立在使用分离变量法求解水工结构边值问题的基础上,并使用伽辽金法精确求解连续边界条件,确定考虑衰减波态的速度势函数,从而求解没水倾斜板结构的消波性能。等效化简法计算精度于边界元法相当,且计算单元数量少、开销低。基于二维线性势波理论,对没水倾斜板式防波堤消波性能分析显示,没水板的倾斜角度、没水深度与板长是结构消波性能的控制因素:没水倾斜板防波堤的消波性能优于没水水平板防波堤的消波性能,随着没水板结构的倾斜角度增大,没水倾斜板结构的波浪透射系数显著减小,且长板优于短板,浅板优于深板;与前人的水槽实验对比显示,相对没水深度与波陡影响结构的消波性能,且波陡造成的波浪破碎贡献了显著的波能消耗。该结论对板式防波堤的结构配置、优化设计有重要意义。     

利用接收函数反演青藏高原西部地壳S波速度结构

相对于宽阔的腹地,青藏高原西部南北向宽度仅约600km,却记录了印度和欧亚板块汇聚的深部过程及其响应.本文用22台宽频带流动地震台站在西缘构建了一条南北向探测剖面(~80°E,TW-80试验).利用接收函数反演剖面下方S波速度结构,综合西部已有的宽频带探测结果,分析认为:印度板块向北俯冲可能已到达班公湖—怒江缝合带附近,俯冲过程中下地壳发生榴辉岩化;喀拉昆仑断裂带、班公湖—怒江缝合带、阿尔金断裂带均为切穿地壳的深断裂,莫霍面发生错断;喀拉昆仑断裂带和龙木错断裂带之间的中上地壳没有发现连续的S波低速体,说明可能缺乏解耦层,支持青藏高原西部地壳为整体缩短增厚模式.