Robust估计的算法优化

本文分析了Ｒｏｂｕｓｔ估计收敛慢的原因，提出以最小二乘平差的残差（Ｖ）为初始信息，用Ｌ１估计的权函数所计算的权力初始权，根据迭代计算的残差的大小，及残差的变化所提供的信息，构造出加速收敛的算法，计算结果表明，较之一般的方法，迭代次数显著减少，辨识杠杆点含粗差的能力有较大提高，即搜索粗差的效率有很大提高。     

华东某些山区第四纪古纬度变化

据１８８个古地磁样品和样品产地的地理坐标、余纬度、平均磁偏角和磁倾角，求得样品产地的古纬度．本区古纬度比现今纬度低：７．６°－８．２°，６．６°－６．８°，６．０°－６．５°，２．３°－３．４°，０．２°－０．６°．变化由印度板块和太平洋洋壳北推合力所致．     

强对流天气发生前期地面风场特征

根据对华东地区9次强对流天气的地面风场分析发现,强对流的发生发展与锋前暖区的中尺度辐合线有密切关系,与地面中尺度辐合线相伴的扰动辐合值为-0.8×10~(-4)·s~(-1)左右.当有移动的天气系统与其相遇时,交点附近扰动辐合值迅速增大,促使对流迅猛发展且移速加快.辐合线的形成与大尺度背景和特定地形有关.移动的中尺度辐合线与变压风有关而静正辐合线常与露点锋相伴.     

大华北浅源地震与日本海西部及我国东北深震的关系

分析了大华北浅源地震与日本海西部及我国东北深震的关系,认为本世纪来日本海西部—我国东北深震经历了5个相对活跃期,大华北各地震区相应经历这5个活跃期的影响期。根据大华北M≧6级浅源地震与深震活动的相关性,建立了太平洋板块楔形俯冲带端部重大深震事件导致大华北浅源M≧6级地震发生的板块俯冲模型,应变波传播速度约94km/年,地表视速度约100km/年。重大深震事件突出、模型稳定性强,预测实验表明模型公式可做大华北地震监测参考。用本模型可以解释浅源地震迁移、各地震区地震与深震活动相关等现象。     

On the stability of a coupled ocean atmosphere system in the presence of wave-CISK

The stability of a simple coupled ocean-atmosphere system similar to the one studied by Hirst with general ocean thermodynamics is investigated in which the atmospheric heating is determined by sea surface temperature anomalies as well as the convergence feedback (low level moisture convergence by the waves themselves). It is shown that the unstable coupled mode found by Hirst (UH mode) is profoundly modified by the convergence feedback. The feedback increases the unstable range of the UH mode and can increase its growth rate several folds. The maximally growing UH mode can become westward propagating for certain strength of convergence feedback. If the convergence feedback strength exceeds a critical value, several new unstable intraseasonal modes are also introduced. These modes are basically ‘advective’ modes. For relatively weak strengths of the convergence feedback the growth rates of these modes are smaller than that of the UH mode. As the atmosphere approaches ‘moist neutral’ state, the growth rates of these modes could become comparable or even larger than that of the UH mode. It is argued that these results explain why the El Nino and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signal is clear in the eastern Pacific but not so in the western Pacific and they may also explain some of the differences between individual ENSO events. Our results also explain the aperiodic behaviour of some coupled numerical models. Importance of this process in explaining the observed aperiodicity of the ENSO phenomenon is indicated.     

海洋构造地球物理当前动态、前景及我们的发展方向

    海洋构造地球物理或构造物理学是海洋地球科学研究的前沿。它是构造地质学和地球物理学互相渗透、互相促进的一门很有前景的新兴边缘学科。80年代这一新兴学科有较明显的发展，90年代这一学科在板块运动、驱动机制的定量研究以及在巨型断裂、造山带与盆地形成机理等方面的研究将有重要的突破，我国在90年代应加强对南海这一西太平洋最大的边缘海的构造地球物理研究。     

阴山山链隆起机制及有关问题探讨

阴山隆起为异常地幔发育区，软流层上凸、岩石圈变薄、幔汁上侵、地幔底辟，垂直运动激烈；阴山隆起又处在南北两大板块夹击挤压构造带上，水平运动强烈。所以，阴山隆起是中新生代垂直运动和水平运动共同作用的结果。随着阴山山链的隆起，在其南缘形成了呼包、临河等地堑式盆地。     

关于多旋回开合构造及区域成矿若干观点的认识

板块说与槽台说相结合是研究大陆演化和矿产形成的重要理论依据。开合构造、板块构造与槽台构造三者在形成机制上具有内在的联系。多旋口开合构造是指以多旋回开合观点研究的构造，它是研究开合过程中所有地质现象，包括开合序列、开合旋回等。开合构造的主要表现形式包括区域性断裂，地壳的扩张与挤压，地壳的水平运动与垂直运动，构造过渡与构造迁移。开合演化过程称为“多旋回四阶段开合递进律”。开合构造的主要特征具有多旋回性、方向性、不平衡性、迁移性、两重性、层次性和有限性等。开合构造和岩石圈演化的基本动力是地球内部热能运转的结果，导致地壳和岩石圈裂开和聚合运动，包括传送带式、手风琴式和雪撬式三种主要的不同运动方式。正是多旋回开合构造发展，导致了多旋回成矿作用。在研究矿床分类时，首先要以多源的成矿物质来源作为矿床分类的主要依据，同时，也需要注意结合诸如成矿作用、成矿构造环境、成矿理化条件以及含矿建造等因素，以多旋回开合构造一成矿的观点来研究成矿控制和成矿规律。     

关于坳拉槽

扼要介绍了坳拉槽概念的起源和沿革,并据研究现状,对其含义和形成演化的基本特点进行评述。     

SSQ-1 Digital Tape Recording Horizontal Pendulum Tiltmeter

The SSQ-1 Digital Tape Recording Horizontal Pendulum Tiltmeter is an instrument of high sensitivity to detect the changes of ground tilt. It uses a quartz horizontal pendulum held by Z?llner bifilar suspension to sense vertical displacement, the eddy-current transducer on the pendulum converts its displacements into electric signals. Then a microcomputer is used for data acquisition and printing as well as digit tape recording. And at the same time, a filtering pen recorder is used for visible recording. The scale value of the instrument is calibrated by computer using the known tilt angle of the bulging plate — mercury cup. The scale value is 0.3–0.5 m(″)/mV. The following are the testing results for the earth tide observation obtained from the east-west component at Baijiatan Seismic Station, Beijing: r(O₁): 0.6490±0.0179 α(O₁): −3.83°±1.58° r(K₁): 0.8049±0.0128 α(K₁): 1.40°±0.90° r(M₂): 0.6699±0.0040 α(M₂): −0.27°±0.34° r(S₂): 0.7316±0.0075 α(S₂): 2.83°±0.58° r(M₃): 0.8497±0.0964 α(M₃): 1.61°±6.51° The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 353–359, 1993. In this work also participated Mr. Huai-Wen PAN and Wei-Jin ZHANG. And we here give special thanks to Yun-Zao XI, Qin-Wen XI, Bo-Xong TANG, Yi-Hui CHEN and An-Xu WU for their kind help in the development and test of the instrument. This paper is translated by Mr. Zhong ZHENG.