华北夏季降雨与热带对流活动的关系

文中设计了热带辐合带综合指数 ,较客观地反映了亚洲季风区深对流活动的气候变化特征。用热带辐合带综合指数分析华北旱涝年季风区对流活动特征 ,结果表明旱涝年对流活动有明显的差异 ,尤其春季东亚和印度季风区的热带辐合带综合指数差异非常显著 ,为华北夏季旱涝预测提供了新的参考依据。     

福建前汛期降水趋势的OLR特征及诊断分析

本文取全省25个代表站5－6月的降水资料和射出长波辐射（OLR）月平均资料为素材，首先确定降水偏差指数（即相对距平）和异常年例，其次揭示异常年例和基本规律的OLR特征，最后进行诊断判据分析及对2001－2002年福建前汛期水趋势诊断；主要结果有：（1）东亚中低纬地区的OLR由中纬向低伟若呈高（低）、低（高）、高（低）分布时（流场呈辐散（辐合）、辐合（辐散）、辐散（辐合）分布），福建前汛期降水易于偏多（少）；（2）在诊断判据分析时上一年十月侧重南半球所显示的信息；而当年一月侧重西太平洋辐合、巴基斯坦－印度北部－青藏高原西部和东南亚地区所显示的信息；（3）OLR距平分布图所提供的信息在实际诊断过程中具有应用价值。     

Proper depiction of monsoon depression through IRS-P4 MSMR

In this paper, daily variations of satellite-derived geophysical parameters such as integrated water vapour (IWV), cloud liquid water content (CLW), sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface wind speed (SSW) have been studied for a case of monsoon depression that formed over the Bay of Bengal during 19th-24th August 2000. For this purpose, IRS P4 MSMR satellite data have been utilized over the domain equator — 25‡N and 40‡-100‡E. An integrated approach of satellite data obtained from IRS-P4, METEOSAT-5 and INSAT was made for getting a signal for the development of monsoon depression over the Indian region. Variations in deep convective activity obtained through visible, infrared and OLR data at 06 UTC was thoroughly analyzed for the complete life cycle of monsoon depression. Geophysical parameters obtained through IRS-P4 satellite data were compared with vorticity, convergence and divergence at 850 and 200 hPa levels generated through cloud motion vectors (CMVs) and water vapour wind vectors (WVWVs) obtained from METEOSAT-5 satellite. This comparison was made for finding proper consistency of geophysical parameters with dynamical aspects of major convective activity of the depression. From the results of this study it is revealed that there was strengthening of sea surface winds to the south of low-pressure area prior to the formation of depression. This indicated the possibility of increase in cyclonic vorticity in the lower troposphere. Hence, wind field at 850 hPa with satellite input of CMVs in objective analysis of wind field using optimum interpolation (OI) scheme was computed. Maximum cyclonic vorticity field at 850 hPa was obtained in the region of depression just one day before its formation. Similarly, with the same procedure maximum anticyclonic vorticity was observed at 200 hPa with WVWVs input. Consistent convergence and divergence at 850 and 200 hPa was noticed with respect to these vorticities. In association with these developments, we could get lowest values of OLR (120 W/m² ) associated with major convective activity that was consistent with the maximum values of integrated water vapour (6-8gm/cm²) and cloud liquid water content (50-60 mg/cm² ) persisting particularly in the southwest sector of the monsoon depression.     

中国大陆地区的OLR与厄尔尼诺现象

本文利用美国NOAA极轨卫星观测的1974年6月—1986年2月2.5×2.5经纬度网格区月平均的OLR资料,计算分析了中国大陆地区地—气系统射出长波辐射(OLR)的基本气候特征,给出了OLR的年、季平均值及均方差的空间分布图。并计算分析了1974—1985年期间厄尔尼诺年与反厄尔尼诺年中国大陆地区OLR的差异,进行对比分析,初步得到一些有意义的现象。     

热带OLR异常的遥相关结构及其季节变化

本文用单点相关研究了1月和7月热带OLR异常的遥相关结构及其季节变化。结果表明，热带纬带（15°N-15°S）遥相关型具有纬向偶极结构和准驻波性。1月遥相关具有热带波数2的结构，它反映了东非（赤道中太平洋）和南美（热带西太平洋）之间的非绝热加热异常存在翘翘板（Seesaw）关系；7月遥相关呈热带1波型，它同全球最强的行星尺度热源异常的东西振荡相联系。遥相关型对季节变化的敏感性主要表现为全球热带纬带几个热源（汇）区强度变化和纬向位移，以及东非的遥相关在6-9月符号变异，并由此引起遥相关型从冬到夏从波数2向波     

云南雨季开始期与热带OLR的联系

利用NCEP 1979—2003年1~12月再分析的OLR逐日、月平均资料及同期云南雨季开始期资料,通过相关统计、对比合成等方法,重点分析了南海和孟湾海区的OLR场变化对云南雨季开始期的影响。结果表明,南海和孟湾海区OLR在云南雨季开始偏早年与偏晚年之间差异明显,南海海区前期的对流活动对云南雨季开始期有更显著的指示性,但孟湾海区对流的强弱仍是影响云南雨季开始期的重要因素之一。     

AN INVESTIGATION INTO TROPICAL CYCLONE MOVING DIRECTION PREDICTION BASED ON OLR DATA

1 INTRODUCTION The Tropical Cyclone (TC) moving prediction is always difficult and important in operation. Though the numerical prediction and satellite data have contributed to the promotion of prediction capability in this way[1 – 3], it is not as satisfying for the unusual track of TC, and the primary reason is that the TC moving direction is influenced by many complicated factors. Therefore, further study of unusual TC motion using high-resolution satellite data is very important …     

广东后汛期季风槽暴雨天气形势特征分析

对1981-2002年广东后汛期季风槽暴雨期间的环流形势和天气系统进行了统计分析,结果发现,广东后汛期的季风槽暴雨多数发生在西太平洋副高位置偏东或偏南的情况下,并与中纬西风槽或ITCZ有直接联系;季风槽多数位于华南地区上空或华南沿岸海面;高层辐散覆盖广东全部或大部,中心在华南近海。西南季风向北推进源于西南和华南地区低压槽发展,或由于热带气旋登陆后北上而牵动西南季风深入华南陆地,也有些过程是副高西端的偏南气流引导南海季风北进。对流活动有从南海北部或北部湾附近向华南移动的趋势,并有昼夜变化。     

2001年云南雨季开始偏早与孟加拉湾季风爆发的关系

分析2001年云南雨季开始期东南亚环流形势的逐日演变,并用OLR资料分析了雨季开始前东南亚对流活动的逐日演变。指出云南雨季开始受孟加拉湾季风影响,孟加拉湾季风爆发早且偏强,导致云南2001年雨季开始偏早,雨量偏多,在预报云南雨季开始时东南亚地区环流的季节调整及对流活动的北上应是重要因素。     

2006年云南省盛夏高温干旱成因分析

对2006年云南盛夏严重的高温干旱及其成因进行分析。结果表明：西太平洋副热带高压强度偏强,位置偏西、偏北,不利于将孟加拉湾等地的暖湿气流带到云南、四川等地,使这些地区7-8月降水明显偏少;亚欧地区经向环流偏弱,纬向环流偏强,中高纬地区大气环流以纬向环流占优势,不利于冷空气向南方地区输送;阿拉伯湾、孟加拉湾、南海及云南、四川等地的OLR值偏高,对流活动受到抑制,不利于水汽的输送及降雨的产生;850 hPa温度场上,云南多处于高温暖区内,7-8月无明显冷空气影响云南等都是形成高温干旱的重要原因。