青藏高原地区OLR与地面有效辐射关系的分析

青藏高原;;OLR;;地面有效辐射     

OLR揭示的北太平洋副热带高压的气候学特征

本文利用NOAA卫星观测的射出长波辐射(OLR)资料,分析了北太平洋副热带高压的气候学特征,揭示并解释了北太平洋副高的位置和强度显着东西向振荡的年循环现象,探讨了用卫星资料研究副高的新途径。     

CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF EARTH-ATMOSPHERE OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION OVER CHINA*

ERBE and ISCCP data are used to investigate the cloud forcing and latitude and atmospheric temperature effects on outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) in the earth-atmosphere system,and the similarity of OLR field to 500 hPa and surface effective radiation fields.Also,discussion is taken up of the OLR distribution on a nationwide basis,indicating that the winter(summer) OLR pattern is roughly a zonal type(asymmetrical saddle) with the annual pattern analogous to the January one.In the end the yearly OLR variation features are addressed on a regional basis.     

Variability of Convective Activity over the North Indian Ocean and its Associations with Monsoon Rainfall over India

The present study is an attempt to examine the variability of convective activity over the north Indian Ocean (Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea) on interannual and longer time scale and its association with the rainfall activity over the four different homogeneous regions of India (viz., northeast India, northwest India, central India and south peninsular India) during the monsoon season from June to September (JJAS) for the 26 year period (1979 to 2004). The monthly mean Outgoing Long-wave Radiation (OLR) data obtained from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) polar orbiting spacecraft are used in this study and the 26-year period has been divided into two periods of 13 years each with period-i from 1979 to 1991 and period -ii from 1992 to 2004. It is ascertained that the convective activity increases over the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal in the recent period (period -ii; 1992 to 2004) compared to that of the former period (period -i; 1979 to 1991) during JJAS and is associated with a significantly increasing trend (at 95% level) of convective activity over the north Bay of Bengal (NBAY). On a monthly scale, July and August also show increase in convective activity over the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal during the recent period and this is associated with slight changes in the monsoon activity cycle over India. The increase in convective activity particularly over the Arabian Sea during the recent period of June is basically associated with about three days early onset of the monsoon over Delhi and relatively faster progress of the monsoon northward from the southern tip of India. Over the homogeneous regions of India the correlation coefficient (CC) of OLR anomalies over the south Arabian Sea (SARA) is highly significant with the rainfall over central India, south peninsular India and northwest India, and for the north Arabian Sea (NARA), it is significant with northwest India rainfall and south peninsular rainfall. Similarly, the OLR anomalies over the south Bay of Bengal (SBAY) have significant CC with northwest India and south peninsular rainfall, whereas the most active convective region of the NBAY is not significantly correlated with rainfall over India. It is also found that the region over northeastern parts of India and its surroundings has a negative correlation with the OLR anomalies over the NARA and is associated with an anomalous sinking (rising) motion over the northeastern parts of India during the years of increase (decrease) of convective activity over the NARA.     

2003年淮河流域暴雨期间OLR与Quick Scat场特征分析

介绍了在2003年6月21日～7月10日淮河暴雨期间卫星定量资料(OLR、AMSU、QUICKSCAT等)在监测暴雨与洪水中的应用情况.并得到了如下结果①雨带位于OLR低值区170～220W·m-2范围内,并随OLR低值区做南北向摆动;②OLR低值区与暴雨期间四支输送带有较好的对应关系;③使用QuickScat资料分析了越赤道气流、季风与水汽输送之间的关系;④使用国家卫星气象中心的AMSU资料分析了淮河流域发生的中尺度云团中降水最可能出现的位置.为提高暴雨预报的精度提供了新的概念.     

Planetary-Scale Wave Structures of the Earth’s Atmosphere Revealed from the COSMIC Observations

GPS radio occultation（GPS RO） method,an active satellite-to-satellite remote sensing technique,is capable of producing accurate,all-weather,round the clock,global refractive index,density,pressure,and temperature profiles of the troposphere and stratosphere.This study presents planetary-scale equatorially trapped Kelvin waves in temperature profiles retrieved using COSMIC（Constellation Observing System for Meteorology,Ionosphere,and Climate） satellites during 2006-2009 and their interactions with background atmospheric conditions.It is found that the Kelvin waves are not only associated with wave periods of higher than 10 days（slow Kelvin waves） with higher zonal wave numbers（either 1 or 2）,but also possessing downward phase progression,giving evidence that the source regions of them are located at lower altitudes.A thorough verification of outgoing longwave radiation（OLR） reveals that deep convection activity has developed regularly over the Indonesian region,suggesting that the Kelvin waves are driven by the convective activity.The derived Kelvin waves show enhanced（diminished） tendencies during westward（eastward） phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation（QBO） in zonal winds,implying a mutual relation between both of them.The El Nino and Southern Oscillation（ENSO） below 18 km and the QBO features between 18 and 27km in temperature profiles are observed during May 2006-May 2010 with the help of an adaptive data analysis technique known as Hilbert Huang Transform（HHT）.Further,temperature anomalies computed using COSMIC retrieved temperatures are critically evaluated during different phases of ENSO,which has revealed interesting results and are discussed in light of available literature.     

西南地区东部夏季典型旱涝年的OLR特征

利用1959—2006年西南地区东部20个测站的逐日降水量资料和1979—2006年全球OLR（Outgoing Longwave Radiation）逐日格点资料, 分析了西南地区东部夏季典型旱涝年OLR的异常特征。结果表明： 按照区域降水指数可确定3个典型干旱年（2006, 1994和1997年）和3个典型洪涝年（1998, 1980和1993年）, 而1998年和2006年分别是1959年以来西南地区东部降水偏多和偏少最明显的年份。西南地区东部典型旱涝年夏季OLR分布有明显的差异, 洪涝（干旱）年, 从青藏高原东部一直到江淮地区OLR值偏低（高）, 同时孟加拉湾南部及赤道东印度洋地区OLR值也偏低（高）, 而菲律宾及其附近地区OLR值偏高（低）。从3个关键区平均的逐日变化来看, 赤道东印度洋地区对流活动典型涝年强于典型旱年, 菲律宾及其附近地区对流活动则是旱年强于涝年, 青藏高原东部至江淮流域地区（包括西南地区东部）极端涝年盛行上升运动。涝年热带地区的ITCZ以向西移动的特征为主, 而旱年热带地区的ITCZ夏季前期则以向东移动的特征为主。典型涝年孟加拉湾南部及赤道东印度洋地区的对流北传的特征较明显, 6月中旬以后大部分时间可以传到30°N以北, 典型旱年孟加拉湾南部及赤道东印度洋地区的对流主要呈现南北振荡、 偶有中断的活动特征, 很少时间能达到30°N。低纬热带地区关键区域OLR 5～9月一般都具有准40天左右的显著低频变化周期, 而准12～15天的准双周变化周期在部分时段也显著。典型涝年夏季OLR 40天左右低频对流经向和纬向传播在西南地区东部区域得到加强, 低频对流偏强, 引起降水偏多, 而典型旱年夏季则相反, OLR 40天左右低频对流经向和纬向传播在该区域得到削弱, 低频对流偏弱, 引起降水偏少。     

热带对流活动及其与ENSO关系的非线性特征

用非线性主成分分析方法和NCAR／NCEP长波辐射资料（OLR）,研究了热带对流异常及其与ENSO的关系。结果表明热带对流活动在时空上呈现出明显的非线性特征,它是热带对流活动对ENSO的非线性响应;热带对流异常的强度在E1 Nino时期比在La Nina时期强,且异常的中心位置偏东,表现出明显的时空上的不对称性。     

江苏夏季旱涝环流演变特征分析

利用NCEP/NCAR OLR月资料和北半球500 hPa逐月高度场距平格点资料,讨论江苏夏季旱涝天气气候的环流特征.研究表明:菲律宾以西太平洋暖池区OLR低值区值强弱直接影响江苏夏季降水,OLR值越低,该区辐合越强,则其北部副热带高压偏强,有利于副高的北抬和西伸,使副高北侧的雨带偏东偏北,江苏易偏旱;反之江苏易偏涝.500 hPa在东亚地区南北呈" 、-、 "的纬向分布,中高纬度乌拉尔山和鄂霍茨克海地区夏季500 hPa高度距平场为明显的正距平区,在该地区形成双阻或单阻有利于形势的稳定,使降水持续,江苏夏季降水偏多.     

Python在FY 2G定量业务产品自动可视化中的应用

利用Python语言实现了每日对CMACast下发的最新风云二号G星(FY-2G)云导风(AMV)和射出长波辐射(OLR)两个定量业务产品的实时自动解码和可视化出图,并与国家卫星气象中心下发的卫星天气应用平台(SWAP)的显示进行了对比。结果表明:两者显示一致。在显示所有AMV文件风矢量数据的前提下,本文可视化产品较目前版本SWAP的显示更为疏密均匀,没有出现重叠现象;Python出图自带的高洛德(Gouraud)明暗处理渲染方式则在对OLR格点产品可视化显示中提供了一种更为平滑,细腻的方法。利用本研究方法对风云二号卫星定量产品进行可视化具备自动化和视觉美观的特点,值得在基层气象部门业务中推广。