中国北方地区秋季植被变化及对气候变化的响应研究

基于1982~2006年的AVHRR GIMMS NDVI数据,使用一元线性回归和分段线性回归等方法,通过对中国北方地区植被变化及其与气候因子的关系研究,揭示该地区近25年来在不同时段的植被变化趋势及对气候变化的响应规律,从而为该地区的生态环境变化研究提供理论依据。研究结果表明:1)中国北方地区秋季植被在25年时间内整体呈上升趋势。秋季NDVI在秋季温度断点之前以上升趋势为主,秋季NDVI在秋季温度断点之后仍以上升趋势为主,但上升趋势有所放缓。2)通过分段线性回归方法和相关分析研究得出中国北方地区秋季温度是秋季NDVI变化的主要驱动力。在秋季温度断点之后,秋季温度仍呈上升趋势而降水呈显著减少的面积增多,从而在温度和降水双重影响下的干旱胁迫导致植被下降;当秋季温度下降而秋季降水增多时干旱发生概率变小,从而使秋季NDVI呈上升趋势。     

Fault geometry and mechanics of marly carbonate multilayers: An integrated field and laboratory study from the Northern Apennines,Italy

Sealing layers are often represented by sedimentary sequences characterized by alternating strong and weak lithologies. When involved in faulting processes, these mechanically heterogeneous multilayers develop complex fault geometries. Here we investigate fault initiation and evolution within a mechanical multilayer by integrating field observations and rock deformation experiments. Faults initiate with a staircase trajectory that partially reflects the mechanical properties of the involved lithologies, as suggested by our deformation experiments. However, some faults initiating at low angles in calcite-rich layers (θ_i = 5°–20°) and at high angles in clay-rich layers (θ_i = 45°–86°) indicate the important role of structural inheritance at the onset of faulting. With increasing displacement, faults develop well-organized fault cores characterized by a marly, foliated matrix embedding fragments of limestone. The angles of fault reactivation, which concentrate between 30° and 60°, are consistent with the low friction coefficient measured during our experiments on marls (μ_s = 0.39), indicating that clay minerals exert a main control on fault mechanics. Moreover, our integrated analysis suggests that fracturing and faulting are the main mechanisms allowing fluid circulation within the low-permeability multilayer, and that its sealing integrity can be compromised only by the activity of larger faults cutting across its entire thickness.     

祁连山北缘深部弧形褶皱—逆冲带及其油气勘探前景

祁连山北缘-河西走廊西段位于青藏高原东北缘,是新生代陆内构造活动最强烈地区。基于野外构造观测、横跨山前及前陆盆地区的三维地震构造分析与解释,结合地震地质属性提取分析,识别出祁连山北缘-酒泉盆地西段窟窿山-柳沟庄带隐伏的弧形褶皱-逆冲带,该弧形构造是造山带基底逆冲构造楔体垂向差异抬升与向前陆方向差异运动的产物;该弧形结构控制本区下白垩统地层裂缝发育、分布与破裂强度,并与本区先期断裂、裂缝带产生构造叠加效应,形成弧形构造“中央强裂缝发育带”,是形成构造裂缝型油气藏的有利区域。     

粤北下庄矿田太平庵地区闪长玢岩的发现及其年代学特征

粤北下庄矿田是我国南方重要的花岗岩型铀矿产地,矿田内部基性岩脉与铀矿成矿具有密切关系,侵位于产铀岩体-下庄岩体。野外地质接触关系表明,下庄岩体侵位较早,晚期NNE向岩脉在下庄岩体内部侵位,两者呈侵入接触关系。通过对太平庵地区岩脉的野外地质特征和岩石薄片镜下特征,认为岩脉多具杏仁构造,为斑状结构,斑晶主要为角闪石和斜长石,定名为闪长玢岩。本次研究团队通过锆石U-Pb年代学测试表明下庄岩体侵位时间为245Ma,矿田内部近EW向分布的五组辉绿岩脉侵位时间为193±4Ma(王连训等,2011),本人结合NNE向岩脉的锆石CL图像、U-Pb年龄分析了岩脉的年代学特征,认为样品的206Pb/238U年龄介于231～253 Ma之间(MSWD=0.77),加权平均结果为242±2Ma (MSWD=8.9),代表了太平庵地区NNE向中性岩脉闪长玢岩的侵位结晶年龄。     

浙江省绍兴市平水金矿体流体包裹体研究 与矿床成因

浙江平水铜矿位于钦杭成矿带北东段浙西北地区,是浙江省最大的铜矿床,前人研究表明其为典型的火山成因块状硫化物矿床（Chen 等, 2015）。平水铜矿体在新元古代形成之后,该地区经历了加里东的变质变形作用,在铜矿体的下盘普遍发育千糜岩带（韧性剪切带）,本项目组在研究过程中认为千糜岩带与铜矿无关,但明确提出本区可能存在造山型金矿,继而老矿山接替资源勘查在平水铜矿布置了10个坑内钻孔,其中9个见矿,成功的在平水深部发现两层金矿体和一层铜矿体。金矿体严格的受韧性剪切带的控制;金矿石有明显的宏观和微观韧性变形结构;矿石矿物主要是自然金和少量的黄铁矿,脉石矿物主要有石英、绢云母、绿泥石、碳酸盐和白云石。本文主要对平水金矿体开展流体包裹体研究,结合矿床地质特征,最终确定金矿体成因类型,为平水地区下一轮深边部找矿勘查提供依据。     

History of faulting in the Northern Hastings Block,southern New England Orogen

Brittle failure is common in the Devonian to Permian rocks in the Northern Hastings Block (NHB) and is manifested by faults of different orientation and kinematic histories, but the timing of fault movement is not well defined. In this study, faults in the NHB were analysed with the map pattern of cross-cutting faults used to estimate the relative time of movement and relationship to other faults. We defined five episodes of faulting or fault reactivation that affected the NHB. The Yarras Fault System on the southwestern side of the NHB and the Parrabel Fault and related faults on the eastern side of the NHB are the two major fault systems responsible for transporting and rotating the NHB in the late Carboniferous. Faults on the eastern, northeastern and northern part of Parrabel Dome started and stopped moving after emplacement of the Hastings Block and before the intrusion of the Werrikimbe Triassic granitoids. We suggested that the movement on the major bounding faults is related to the accommodation of the NHB to the folding and cleavage development in the adjoining Nambucca Block, and is associated with the earliest part of the Hunter–Bowen Orogeny. Limited dextral movement on the extensions of the Taylors Arm Fault System caused minor displacements in the northeastern part of the NHB during the Late Triassic. Some small faults cut the Triassic granitoids or Triassic Lorne Basin sediments indicating tectonic activity continued post-Triassic.     

羌塘盆地隆鄂尼—昂达尔错古油藏逆冲推覆构造隆升

沿隆鄂尼—昂达尔错古油藏发现大量逆冲推覆构造,如北雷错东西两侧、隆鄂尼西北侧、比洛错东南侧、鲁雄错东西两侧,侏罗系烃源岩及含油白云岩沿低角度缓倾斜断层自北向南逆冲推覆于上白垩统红层之上,昂达尔错西北侧中侏罗统含油碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩自北向南逆冲推覆于三叠系灰黑色碎屑岩之上,形成不同规模的逆冲岩席、逆冲岩片、飞来峰和构造窗。高分辨率二维地震反射剖面显示,隆鄂尼—昂达尔错古油藏深部发育多重逆冲推覆构造;比洛错中侏罗统含油白云岩沿顶部双重推覆构造自北向南运移7~11km和12~15km,分别形成隆鄂尼古油藏和德如日古油藏;下伏三叠系及石炭系—二叠系沿底部双重推覆构造自北向南发生大规模逆冲推覆,前锋被向北逆冲的反向断层切割错断。野外观测表明,隆鄂尼—昂达尔错古油藏与羌中隆起北侧油苗带之间发育大量侏罗系逆冲岩席和飞来峰;深地震反射剖面构造解释进一步揭示,三叠系和侏罗系海相烃源岩经历自北羌塘向南羌塘长距离逆冲推覆构造运动,自北向南逆冲推覆运动导致侏罗系烃源岩及中侏罗统含油白云岩构造隆升,形成昂达尔错、隆鄂尼、德如日等古油藏。隆鄂尼—昂达尔错古油藏逆冲推覆及构造隆升主要发生于晚白垩世—古近纪。     

阿尔泰-准噶尔北缘铬铁矿- Cu- Au- Pb- Zn- Ni成矿带主要成矿地质特征及潜力分析

阿尔泰-准噶尔北缘铬铁矿-Cu-Ni-Au-Pb-Zn-Ni成矿带是全国重点部署找矿勘查工作的16个重点成矿区带之一,是全球阿尔泰巨型成矿带位于中国境内的一部分。文章根据全国矿产资源潜力评价成果,结合新的成矿理论和找矿进展,对该成矿带的边界进行了新的修定;从大地构造演化历史出发,分析总结了该带区域成矿地质背景和有利成矿地质条件,进一步修订了成矿带的成矿谱系;总结了成矿带内次级成矿单元的成矿特征;对带内矿床的主要成因类型和相应的典型矿床的成矿特征进行了总结;分析了成矿带的资源潜力,并在此基础上,确定了Cr、Mo、Cu、Au、Ni、Pb、Zn、Ag为本带下一步勘查部署的主攻矿种,划分了9个远景区,其中3个为重点远景区,6个为一般远景区。此项工作对本成矿区带内下一步矿产勘查工作部署有着重要指导意义和参考价值。     

黔北务川丰乐铝土矿床地质特征及沉积环境探讨

丰乐铝土矿床位于黔北务正道铝土矿成矿带的南东端,是近年在铝土矿勘查的空白区新探明的中型矿床。勘查发现矿床中含矿岩系顶部拥有不含或偶含炭质岩系的地质特征,与务正道地区其它铝土矿床存在差异性。微量元素Cr/Ni判别显示了含矿岩系的多物源性,V/Zr及Sr/B揭示该区具有海相―陆相或过渡相―海相的沉积特征。结合前人研究成果综合分析认为,该区沉积环境为受海侵影响的近滨海湖泊―沼泽相环境。     

New tectonic map of Northern-Central-Eastern Asia:Position and evolution of Mesozoic sedimentary basins

The beginning of the XXI century was marked a new rising of the international tectonic cartography as a result of analysis and synthesis of a huge volume of geological information obtained for the territory of Asia especially during the last 30 years. The previous tectonic maps for Asia were created in the 1960 s--1970 s of the last century. Since that time,the national geological surveys have compiled tectonic maps exclusively in the limits of their own state boundaries. The international cooperation of five countries since 2002( Russia,China,Mongolia,Kazakhstan and Republic of Korea) gave a unique possibility to join the data into a united cartographic form as Atlas of Geological Maps( since 2002-Atlas of Geological Maps of Central Asia and since 2007-Atlas of Geological Maps of Northern-Central-Eastern Asia). Both atlases include four maps: geological,tectonic,metallogenic,and energy resources. Tectonic Map of Northern-Central-Eastern Asia and Adjacent Areas at scale 1 ∶ 2 500 000 was the key map for further compilation of the metallogenic and energy resources( coal,oil and gas) maps. By this reason,special attention was given to showing the structure and composition of the Mesozoic sedimentary basins in Northern-Central- Eastern Asia as the most perspective structures for oil-and-gas and coal prospect.