Fluid seepage along the San Clemente Fault scarp: basin-wide impact on barium cycling

Material fluxes associated with fluid expulsion at cold seeps and their contribution to oceanographic budgets have not been accurately constrained. Here we present evidence that the barium released at cold seeps along the San Clemente Fault zone may significantly impact the geochemical budget of barium within the basin. Barium fluxes at seep localities on the fault scarp, measured with benthic chambers, reach values as high as 5 mmol m⁻² day⁻¹. This is the largest dissolved barium flux measured to date at a cold seep. The discharge of barium-rich fluids results in formation of massive barite deposits along the escarpment wall. The deposits are young (approximately 8 yr) and appear to grow at a minimum rate of 0.2 cm yr⁻¹. This rapid growth rate requires a barium efflux rate that is about two orders of magnitude higher than the measured dissolved flux. We believe that the discrepancy reflects a highly localized seepage system and that chambers positioned as close as possible to the growing chimneys did not sample the foci of fluid discharge. Transport of fine barite particles from the seeps may be responsible for excess rates of barium accumulation throughout the San Clemente Basin, relative to other basins in the California Margin. Based on a preliminary budget, we estimate that cold-seep barite is accumulating at the basin floor in San Clemente at a rate of 2 μmol m⁻² day⁻¹, a value that is comparable to the total barium accumulation rates driven by detrital and biogenic components in neighboring basins. Remobilization of cold-seep barite on the basin floor adds to that driven by the biogenic barium flux and results in benthic barium recycling rates (effluxes) within the San Clemente Basin that are as much as seven times higher than the effluxes from surrounding borderland basins. Our estimates imply that processes associated with fluid seepage along the San Clemente Fault significantly contribute to the basin’s barium cycle. The strontium isotopic composition of the seep barite is significantly different from marine ‘biogenic’ barite, which is known to accurately record seawater composition. In addition, the seep deposits are depleted in ²²⁶Ra relative to their modern biogenic counterparts, and are likely to be a source of radium-depleted particulate barium to the basin. Thus the impact of barite transport from seeps on the San Clemente escarpment to the basin floor might also have implications for the geochemistry of elements other than barium.     

广西中-上泥盆统界线附近的化学地层学特征

中国广西是世界上泥盆系发育最好的地区之一 ,沉积相齐全、出露良好 ,是进行地层学及沉积相研究的理想地区。大乐剖面与马鞍山剖面直线距离约为 7km,根据生物地层学的研究 ,两剖面中 -上泥盆统 (D2 - D3 )界线附近发生了明显的穿时现象。化学地层学的研究表明在这两条剖面上的界线附近 disparilis带内碳同位素组成发生了明显的两次负向波动 ,波动幅度分别可达 1.1‰和 0 .8‰ (马鞍山军田剖面 )和 1.5‰和 1.3‰ (大乐剖面 ) ;两条剖面上该牙形石化石带内及上下地层中元素锶 (Sr)的含量波动趋势同样可以很好地对比 ,本研究结果显示了岩石地层学界线的穿时现象并纠正了以往用岩石地层学特征划定 D2 - D3 界线的错误     

用VB 6.0实现广西区域重要天气要素图的自动填绘

介绍利用VB 6.0语言编程研制开发并已经投入业务使用的广西区域重要天气要素图自动填图系统,分别介绍了系统基本功能、编程技术要点和推广应用前景.该系统的业务使用,彻底结束广西区气象台手工填图的历史,促进了业务现代化水平的提高.     

The 982 Ma Re-Os age of copper-nickel sulfide ores in the Baotan area, Guangxi and its geological significance

Re-Os dating on copper-nickel sulfide ores from the Baotan area, Guangxi, yielded an ore-forming age of 982 ± 21 Ma (2σ), which demonstrates that copper-nickel sulfide deposits and their related mafic-ultramafic rocks occurred in the same period of time with the ophiolites in northeastern Jiangxi. Both of them are the products of collision-convergence between the Cathaysian plate and Yangtze plate and the subsequent extensional environment. Calculation of the γ_Os of the 982 Ma copper-nickel sulfide ores and its correlation with Re/Os indicate that injection-type massive ores display lower γ_Os values (-15.6 to -8.2) and lower Re/Os ratios (0.32 to 0.43), while basal liquation-type ores have γ_Os-27.9 to -7.3 and Re/Os=5.36 to 11.24. This suggests that these copper-nickel sulfide ores and their related mafic-ultramafic rocks were derived from a Re-depleted mantle source and that contamination with some crustal material occurred during their intrusion.     

中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所遥感科学与技术研究回顾与展望 ——献给东北地理与农业生态研究所成立60周年

通过中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所（简称东北地理所）及其前身（长春地理研究所）自1978 年以来40 a的遥感基础理论与应用研究工作的回顾,以主持的国家与地方重要遥感研究项目为主线,首先展现了研究所在遥感队伍建设、人才培养、平台建设、光学与微波遥感基础理论与遥感应用研究、微波遥感器的设计与研制等方面的大量工作;然后结合东北地理所在东北地区及东北亚周边国家开展的研究工作,回顾了研究所在自然资源、土地利用/覆被变化、生态环境演变、灾害监测、农情遥感监测等领域所取得的成就;最后,根据国内外遥感科学与技术的应用发展态势和东北地区资源环境特征,对东北地理所遥感研究的发展前景和优先发展领域进行了展望。     

东北地区城市网络层级演变特征分析——基于铁路客运流视角

基于2005、2010及2015年东北地区城市间铁路客运班次数据,从网络密度、节点层级、网络层级等3个视角对东北地区城市网络演变进行分析,借助社会经济因子、信息网络进行相关性探讨。结果表明：① 区域网络密度得到明显提升但网络空间拓展相对缓慢、城市联系在地域空间内呈“核心-边缘”格局,网络类型由普列主导逐步向高铁主导转变。② 度数中心度视角下的城市等级体系处于稳定状态、区域核心及次级核心集中分布在哈大沿线;而中介中心度视角下的城市等级体系变动较大、核心城市控制力弱化明显、高位序城市出现空间“跃迁”现象;城市中心度基本反映城市在区域发展中的角色与地位。③ 铁路客运视角下的多层级网络演变分别透视出区域核心组织结构拓展、省域关联格局的孕育与发展、区域网络完善程度;客运与信息核心联系网络均凸显了哈大轴线的主导地位,但二者在城市联系尺度上具有差异性：客运网络的跨区域性特征显著、而信息网络则倾向省域尺度。     

北极东北航道维利基茨基海峡海冰时空变化及适航性分析

利用2002—2013年的海冰密集度数据对北极东北航道通航关键区域——维利基茨基海峡的海冰分布特征和通航性进行了分析研究。结果表明,近十年来从8月中下旬到10月中旬海峡海面状况适合船舶航行;海冰冰情年际变化很大,对维利基茨基海峡通航天数有明显的影响;海峡每年可通航时间基本在40 d以上,其开通时间年际变化较大,从7—9月不等,而结束时间相对集中在10月份。     

基于系统保护规划理论的广西海域优先保护格局分析

基于广西海域红树林、珊瑚礁、海草床等生境数据,在系统保护规划理论框架下,利用Marxan软件构建了广西海域优先保护格局以识别保护空缺.结果 表明:广西海域优先保护区集中在三娘湾、合浦、涠洲岛海域,部分区域游离在现有保护体系外.与广西海洋生态红线对比,保护空缺主要分布在沿岸滩涂分布区、红树林分布区和涠洲岛珊瑚礁分布区.本...     

欧洲东部土壤湿度对东北亚初夏气温异常转折的影响及其可能物理过程

采用1979—2020年观测和再分析资料,研究了年际时间尺度上初夏(5—6月)东北亚气温异常月际转折的基本特征,以及欧洲东部土壤湿度异常对其的影响及可能物理过程。结果表明,年际时间尺度上东北亚初夏气温异常月际演变的主导模态为转折模态,即5月偏暖(冷)则6月偏冷(暖);转折模态的形成直接源于东北亚地区环流异常的转折。进一步分析发现,5月欧洲东部土壤湿度偏低往往导致东北亚5月偏暖而6月偏冷,可能的物理过程如下:5月土壤湿度偏低导致局地土壤温度和对流层低层增温,进而造成地中海地区(欧洲北部)对流层低层经向温度梯度和大气斜压性减弱(增强),相应地高频瞬变波活动减弱(增强),并通过瞬变涡度强迫有利于欧洲中东部形成异常高压和Rossby波波源;相关的Rossby波沿极锋急流东传,导致东北亚为准正压的异常高压,地表升温。土壤湿度异常可持续到6月,但强度减弱;类似地,其可通过瞬变涡度强迫有利于异常高压和Rossby波波源的形成,但中心西移至欧洲西部;相关Rossby波活动导致东北亚为准正压的异常低压,地表降温。5月和6月欧洲东部土壤湿度异常相关的 Rossby波的活动特征(波源、活动中心和传播路径)存在明显差异,这与两个月欧亚北部大气平均态的差异密切相关。当5月欧洲东部土壤湿度偏高时,上述物理过程则大致相反。     

广西下雷氧化锰矿床矿石特征及成因分析

广西下雷锰矿床由原生碳酸锰矿和次生氧化锰矿组成.其中氧化锰矿石的矿物主要有软锰矿、钡锰矿、隐钾锰矿、锂锰矿、钙锰矿、褐锰矿、黑镁铁锰矿等,与之伴生的其他表生矿物主要有赤铁矿、针铁矿、石英、高岭石和蒙脱石.矿石结构主要有交代、隐晶和细晶结构,矿石构造主要有葡萄状、块状、晶洞状、网脉状和条带状构造.与原生碳酸锰矿相比,次生氧化锰矿的矿石品位明显提高,平均在44%以上;Co、Ni、Cu、Zn等微量元素也有一定程度的富集.化学分析和单矿物成分分析结果表明,氧化锰矿石和锰氧化物中的w(Mn)/w(TFe)值均较高(一般大于10),说明风化强度大,铁、锰分离显著.与铁的氧化物相比,锰氧化物中Si和P等有害杂质元素的含量要低得多,因此,铁、锰分离是形成优质锰矿的重要条件.氧化锰矿的次生富集及其在空间上的分布受古气候、构造、含锰地层及地形地貌等多种因素的影响和控制.