The impacts of climate change on hydrology in a typical glacier region—A case study in Hailuo Creek watershed of Mt. Gongga in China

The glaciers of the Hengduan Mountains play an important role in the hydrology processes of this region. In this study, the HBV Light model, which relies on a degree-day model to simulate glacier melting, was employed to simulate both glacier runoff and total runoff. The daily temperature and precipitation at the Hailuo Creek No. 1 Glacier from 1952 to 2009 were obtained from daily meteorological observed data at the glacier and from six national meteorological stations near the Hailuo Creek Basin. The daily air temperature, precipitation, runoff depth, and monthly potential evaporation in 1995, 1996, and 2002 were used to obtain a set of optimal parameters, and the annual total runoff and glacier runoff of the Hailuo Creek Glacier(1952–2009) were calculated using the HBV Light model. Results showed the average annual runoff in the Hailuo Creek Basin was 2,114 mm from 1952 to 2009, of which glacial melting accounted for about 1,078 mm. The river runoff in the Hailuo Creek catchment increased as a result of increased glacier runoff. Glacier runoff accounted for 51.1% of the Hailuo Creek stream flow in 1994 and increased to 72.6% in 2006. About 95% of the increased stream flow derived from the increased glacier runoff.     

用分层稳健线性估计法从机载LIDAR数据中获取DEM

评述了利用机载激光扫描数据进行DEM提取的4类典型算法,分析了各自的优缺点。在此基础上,提出了利用双重策略进行数据滤波的方法,即分层稳健线性估计法。该算子同时利用小波分层滤波法和稳健线性估计法,以克服两种算法单独使用时的不足,即小波分层滤波算子没有有效策略保证参考面的精度;稳健线性估计法不能有效过滤数据中的粗差。利用该算法策略对德国Nahrodde地区的数据进行了实验,并将实验结果与用TerraScan软件获取的真实值进行了比较,结果表明分层稳健线性估计法不仅具备小波分层滤波算法和稳健线性估计法这两种滤波算法的优点,而且还可以克服这两种算法固有的缺点,从而实现了直接从原始数据中有效获取地面点的目的。     

基于2种夜间灯光影像亮度修正指数的城市建成区提取研究

夜间灯光影像容易受到道路灯光、水面散射等影响而产生背景噪声,这一定程度上影响了利用夜间灯光数据提取建成区的精度。本文基于夜间灯光影像的DN（Digital Number）值与路网密度正相关、与EVI指数（Enhanced Vegetation Index,增强型植被指数）呈负相关的规律,提出了2种可用于建成区提取的夜间灯光亮度修正指数：EVI夜间灯光亮度修正指数EANI (EVI Adjusted Nighttime Light(NTL) Index)和基于道路网密度与EVI指数的夜间灯光亮度修正指数REANI (Road Density & EVI Adjusted NTL Index),并利用珞珈1号卫星（LJ1-01,分辨率约130 m）影像和NPP-VIIRS影像（分辨率约 500 m） 2种不同空间分辨率夜间灯光遥感影像进行验证。以2018年徐州市建成区为研究对象,分区域（主城区、外围区）利用阈值法对2种原始夜间灯光影像、经EANI指数和REANI指数处理后的影像进行建成区提取,得到6种建成区提取的结果。研究表明： ① EANI指数和REANI指数能够有效抑制夜间灯光影像的背景噪声,建成区提取的结果均优于直接利用原始影像的结果,特别是对于城市化水平较低地区的建成区提取效果更佳;② 相较于NPP-VIIRS影像,利用LJ1-01影像提取建成区的效果提高6%左右,说明我国的LJ1-01夜间灯光影像在建成区提取方面有广阔的应用前景。EANI和REANI为建成区提取提供了有效工具,并可应用于城市规划和城市扩张等研究领域。     

基于DMSP-OLS与NPP-VIIRS整合数据的中国三大城市群城市空间扩展时空格局

通过拟合最优幂函数模型,将NPP-VIIRS影像模拟为DMSP-OLS影像,构建了京津冀、长江三角洲（简称长三角）和珠江三角洲（简称珠三角）三大城市群1992—2017年长时间序列夜间灯光影像集。参考城市建成区统计数据确定夜间灯光最佳阈值提取城市范围,有效剥离统计数据中包含的经济活力不足的城市空间,识别出不属于统计范围的低等级、高活力城镇区,创新了数据应用视角。研究表明：① 县级城镇和市级以上城市对三大城市群城市范围的贡献度不同。京津冀腹地广阔,县级城镇是区域经济活力的重要组成部分,整体上贡献度最大;1990s初期长三角部分县级城镇经济活力较强,大量撤县设市后县级城镇数量减少,逐渐在2005年后低于京津冀;珠三角受到社会经济发展条件和行政单元划分的影响,县级城镇对城市范围的贡献在3个城市群中始终最小。② 三大城市群城市扩展非均衡性特征存在差异。京津冀城市扩展为京、津主导下的“双核”模式,非均衡性显著,尚未形成完善的城市规模体系;长三角和珠三角城市集聚特征明显,均衡性更强。重心迁移的路径、方向和距离反映各城市群不同的扩展强度和作用模式。③ 城市空间扩展格局整体均呈现热点区不断扩大、冷点区不断缩小的特征。其中京津冀热点和冷点区相对稳定,热点区向心集聚作用较强;长三角和珠三角空间格局变化较大,区域核心城市带动作用较强。     

Absolute photometry of small main-belt asteroids in 2007–2009

We present the results of absolute photometry – the absolute brightness H_V, the effective diameter, (B)VR color indices, composite light curves, period of rotation and amplitude of variations – of several small asteroids in the inner main-belt: 1344 Caubeta, 1401 Lavonne, 2947 Kippenhahn, 3913 Chemin, 3956 Caspar, 4375 Kiyomori, 4555 1987 QL, 5484 Inoda, 5985 1942 RJ, 6949 Zissell and main-belt asteroid 6867 Kuwano. The photometric observations of these objects were made in the period 2007–2009 as part of a project of photometric studies of small main-belt asteroids that involves a collaboration of a number of asteroid photometrists around the world.     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987113001114

The Deccan Syneclise is considered to have significant hydrocarbon potential.However,significant hydrocarbon discoveries,particularly for Mesozoic sequences,have not been established through conventional exploration due to the thick basalt cover over Mesozoic sedimentary rocks.In this study,near-surface geochemical data are used to understand the petroleum system and also investigate type of source for hydrocarbons generation of the study area.Soil samples were collected from favorable areas identified by integrated geophysical studies.The compositional and isotopic signatures of adsorbed gaseous hydrocarbons(methane through butane) were used as surface indicators of petroleum micro-seepages.An analysis of 75 near-surface soil-gas samples was carried out for light hydrocarbons(C1-C4) and their carbon isotopes from the western part of Tapti graben,Deccan Syneclise,India.The geochemical results reveal sites or clusters of sites containing anomalously high concentrations of light hydrocarbon gases.High concentrations of adsorbed thermogenic methane(C_1 = 518 ppb) and ethane plus higher hydrocarbons(ΣC_(2+) = 977 ppb) were observed.Statistical analysis shows that samples from 13% of the samples contain anomalously high concentrations of light hydrocarbons in the soil-gas constituents.This seepage suggests largest magnitude of soil gas anomalies might be generated/source from Mesozoic sedimentary rocks,beneath Deccan Traps.The carbon isotopic composition of methane,ethane and propane ranges are from-22.5‰ to-30.2‰ PDB,-18.0‰to 27.1‰ PDB and 16.9‰-32.1‰ PDB respectively,which are in thermogenic source.Surface soil sample represents the intersection of a migration conduit from the deep subsurface to the surface connected to sub-trappean Mesozoic sedimentary rocks.Prominent hydrocarbon concentrations were associated with dykes,lineaments and presented on thinner basaltic cover in the study area,which probably acts as channel for the micro-seepage of hydrocarbons.