长白山地区现今地应力测量结果与应力状态分析

本文通过在长白山地区不同地点进行原地测量获得了现今地应力实测值的大小和方向.为了研究长白山地区现今地应力状态,结合长白山火山监测工程的需要,我们在长白山地区进行了现场地应力测量,首次取得了该区的地应力实测数据.测量方法采用水压致裂法,测点分别布置在安图县永庆乡东清村和松江镇冰湖屯村,抚松县仙人桥镇大青川村等三个不同的构造部位,测量深度为40~95m.测量结果表明:本区现今最大水平主应力方向在天池北部以NW—NNW向为主,而在天池西部则为近EW向为主;最大水平主应力值一般为2.31~12.39 MPa,最小水平主应力值一般为1.39~7.02 MPa.与其他地区相比较,本区属中等偏高应力区.本文对研究区现今应力状态进行了初步分析,本区现今地应力状态主要受区域构造影响,同时受天池岩浆活动和地热田的影响,具有复杂性.     

Quantification of aquatic sediment prokaryotes—A multiple-steps optimization testing sands from pristine and contaminated aquifers

The total number of prokaryotic cells in aquatic sediments is a crucial measure tightly linked to energetic constraints, microbial productivity, and ecosystem status. While counting cells in water samples is routine, reliable procedures for the determination of prokaryotic cells associated to aquatic sediments are especially needed. A protocol for the direct quantification of prokaryotic cell abundance in aquatic sediments was developed and tested with sandy material from pristine and contaminated aquifers. Individual steps required in sample preparation, including preservation, cell dislodgement, density gradient centrifugation providing sample purification, and staining, were critically evaluated and optimized. Quantification of cells is conducted by flow cytometry promoting a high-throughput sample processing. Although tested for only two different types of aquifer sediments, researchers may easily adapt the protocol for their individual samples and purposes, thus conducting a brief efficiency re-evaluation of individual steps highlighted in this study.     

In-plane soil–structure interaction in layered,fluid-saturated,poroelastic half-space I: Structural response

Linear in-plane soil–structure interaction in two dimensions (2D) is studied in fluid-saturated, poroelastic, layered half-space using the Indirect Boundary Element Method (IBEM). The structure is a shear wall supported by a rigid embedded foundation. Exact stiffness matrices for the soil layer and half-space, and Green׳s functions of uniformly distributed loads and pore pressure on an inclined line are derived. Results of the system response in the frequency domain are presented for the special case of single soil layer over bedrock, semi-circular foundation and zero seepage force. The effects of water saturation, soil porosity, depth of soil layer, rigidity contrast between layer and bedrock are investigated in the frequency domain for incident plane P- and SV waves. The results suggest that water saturation may cause increase of the system frequency by more than 10%.     

Static and seismic bearing capacity of shallow strip footings

In this study, the evaluation of static and seismic bearing capacity factors for a shallow strip footing was carried out by using the method of characteristics, which was extended to the seismic condition by means of the pseudo-static approach. The results, for both smooth and rough foundations, were checked against those obtained through finite element analyses.Under seismic conditions the three bearing capacity problems for N_c, N_q and N_γ were solved independently and the seismic bearing capacity factors were evaluated accounting separately for the effect of horizontal and vertical inertia forces arising in the soil, in the lateral surcharge and in the superstructure.Empirical formulae approximating the extensive numerical results are proposed to compute the static values of N_γ and the corrective coefficients that can be introduced in the well-known Terzaghi׳s formula of the bearing capacity to extend its applicability to seismic design of foundations.     

新型框架结构弹塑性地震反应的等效线性化方法研究

等效线性化方法是计算结构弹塑性地震反应的实用方法.通过对几种等效线性化方法的比较分析,提出了基于FEMA440 （2005）计算等效刚度和等效阻尼比的等效线性化方法;分别采用静力弹塑性分析方法和等效线性化方法,分析了局部使用高性能纤维增强混凝土新型框架结构的弹塑性地震反应.结果表明,两种方法所得结构的地震反应均比较接近.因此,本文建议的等效线性化方法能够较好地预测新型框架结构的弹塑性地震反应.     

液化与非液化场地加速度反应谱对比

通过对2011年新西兰发生的6.3级地震中获取的硬土场地、软土场地和液化场地强震记录实测资料进行分析,研究包括3种类型场地的地震动特征及其相互关系。分析的强震记录为震中距小于50 km,且峰值大于0.05g的23个场地上的加速度记录,其中含3个硬场地、11个软场地和9个液化场地。3种类型场地上的放大系数谱对比分析表明,硬土场地、软土场地和液化场地上的地震动特征具有明显区别,三者层次清晰,差别显著,从地震动表现上液化场地已构成一个与常规场地并列的独立单元;液化场地减少地震动高频分量但同时对低频分量显著放大,与非液化场地相比,液化场地可使其上短周期结构反应减小一半,但同时可使其上长周期结构反应放大2.5～5.0倍;土层的液化对此次地震中克莱斯特彻奇市中心CTV大楼的破坏应有很大影响,大楼自振周期约为0.7 s,地震中土层液化使场地加速度反应谱卓越周期由0.1～0.3 s增到0.5～1.0 s,与大楼的自振周期趋于吻合,加重了大楼震害。以此为鉴,按现有规范中地震动的设计方法,如遇液化场地将对长周期结构给出明显危险的结果,因此从振动角度今后进行结构抗震设计时,可液化场地上的地震动应给予特殊考虑。     

基于C4.5算法的遥感影像分类

随着城市化进程的加快,湿地对整个生态系统的可持续发展具有重要的意义。以洪泽湖湿地为研究区,集合TM影像的光谱信息和纹理信息构建空间数据库,获取训练样本,并从训练样本集中获取分类规则;然后利用C4.5算法构建决策树,并基于知识规则推理得到遥感影像分类结果;最后将分类结果与传统的最大似然法进行比较分析。实验表明,基于C4.5算法得到的分类结果的分类总精度为91.9701%,其分类总精度结果明显高于传统的最大似然法的80.0885%;同样,前者的分类结果的Kappa系数为0.900 3,也远远高于最大似然法的0.746 5。     

基于道格拉斯-普克算法的图像分割初探

利用道格拉斯-普克算法化简灰度直方图,从化简后的直方图中获取图像分割的阈值。为了评估所提出算法的优劣,本文采用多峰法和大津法进行了对比实验。实验表明道格拉斯-普克算法分割某些图像具有一定的优势。     

基于原地应力实测数据探讨华北典型强震区断裂活动危险性及其对雄安新区的影响

华北地区距雄安新区300 km范围内包括唐山、邢台和张北三个典型强震区,近50年来,先后发生1966年邢台7.2级、1976年唐山7.8级和1998年张北6.2级强震活动,未来仍具发生破坏性地震的风险。在现今构造应力环境下,3个典型强震区内断裂活动危险性如何、再次发生中强地震对雄安新区地面稳定性有怎样的影响,这些都是要回答的问题。对此,本文首先基于唐山、邢台和张北强震区关键构造部位深孔水压致裂地应力测量数据,依据Byerlee断层滑动失稳摩擦准则,计算各强震区内潜在发震断层的临界失稳状态,探讨断裂活动危险性;之后依据中华人民共和国第五代《中国地震动参数区划图》之《中国大陆及邻区潜在震源区划分图》,厘定雄安新区外围300 km范围内主要潜在震源区和震级上限;最后选取适宜的地震烈度衰减模型,定量计算主要潜在震源区未来发生震级上限地震时对雄安新区地震烈度的影响,进而为雄安新区及重大工程抗震设防提供科学参考。结果表明：(1)唐山、邢台和张北强震区内主要潜在震源区未来发生震级上限地震产生的地震烈度衰减至雄安新区时均位于Ⅳ~Ⅶ度;(2)北京通州及邻区发生8.0级地震、涞水—高碑店沿线发生6.5级地震会在雄安新区产生Ⅶ度地震烈度,震害较轻;(3)其他潜在震源区在雄安新区产生的地震烈度均小于V度,并不会产生显著震害效应。鉴于此,雄安新区抗震设防烈度建议由原Ⅶ度调至Ⅷ度为宜。     

天津永定新河河口灾害地质因素分析

根据钻孔地层资料和声学地层解译资料,阐述了天津永定新河河口地区的多种影响工程建设的灾害地质因素,详细分析了这些灾害地质因素的性质及其对工程的危害,并提出了对这一地区施工的建议.