The Neoproterozoic Kolet Um Kharit bimodal metavolcanic rocks, south Eastern Desert, Egypt: a case of enrichment from plume interaction?

Neoproterozoic metavolcanic rocks of Kolet Um Kharit (KUKh) in the southern Eastern Desert of Egypt have been traditionally regarded as a bimodal island-arc sequence. However, geological and geochemical arguments presented here make this interpretation doubtful. Geochemically, these rocks are classified into mafic (tholeiitic basalts) and felsic (high-K rhyodacites to rhyolites) groups. Both the KUKh mafic and felsic metavolcanic rocks show similar geochemical characteristics, implying a genetic link. They have comparable trace element ratios, such as Zr/Nb (27–30 vs. 20–36), Y/Nb (5.44–6.25 vs. 5.05–5.9), K/Rb (577–1164 vs. 573–937), Ba/La (4.29–25–9 vs. 11.4–16.2), Nb/Yb (1.82–2.03 vs. 1.76–1.99). Similarly both groups have parallel LREE-enriched patterns (La/Yb_CN=2.37–2.81 vs. 2.55–3.17); and negative Nb and Ta anomalies (Nb/La_pm=0.51–0.58 vs. 0.45–0.52 and Ta/La_pm=0.51–0.62 vs. 0.49–0.55). The observed negative Nb and Ta anomalies in the KUKh metavolcanic rocks cannot be attributed to crustal contamination or fractional crystallization. These rocks could represent either a remnant of break-up LIP or were derived from an enriched mantle source containing subduction components beneath an intraoceanic back-arc basin. The recognition of the KUKh rocks as derived from an enriched mantle source revives interest in models that involve enrichment from “plume” interaction during the evolution of the Arabian-Nubian Shield.     

锶、碳同位素演化在新元古代地层定年中的应用——以胶辽徐淮地层分区为例

根据Sr、C同位素地层学原理，利用胶辽徐淮地区晚前寒武纪地层Sr、C同位素数据，与国际上已有的Sr、C同位素演化曲线对比，结果表明，胶辽徐淮地区晚前寒武纪地层是同一时期的沉积物，沉积主体之间Sr、C同位素比值的对比性很好，沉积时限约在750-860Ma之间，并延续到震旦纪，为北方青白口纪及其后的沉积。同时也表明，Sr、C同位素演化相结合是解决缺乏大化石的晚前寒武纪地层对比的有效方法。     

阿尔金南缘榴辉岩带中花岗片麻岩的时代及构造环境探讨

阿尔金南缘江尕勒萨依一带榴辉岩的围岩花岗片麻岩具有高SiO2（〉70％）、高铝（Al2O3〉13％）和高碱（ALK=7．52-8．91）的特征，铝饱和度指数ASI=1．10～1．27，属于钙碱性过铝质花岗质岩石；岩石强烈富集大离子亲石元素Rb和Th，中等富集K和Ba，亏损高场强元素Nb，Zr，Hf，Y和Yb；具典型大陆碰撞型花岗岩相应的元素丰度特征；岩石的稀土元素含量较高，轻、重稀土分馏明显，总体呈右倾的“V”型稀土配分模式，显示壳源型花岗岩特征；在R1-R2构造环境判别图上落于同碰撞花岗岩区。锆石的阴极发光图像和微量元素分析结果显示了典型岩浆钻石的特征，利用LA-ICP-MS方法进行锆石微区U-Pb同位素定年，得到^206Pb/^238U加权平均年龄值为923±13Ma，表明江尕勒萨依花岗片麻岩的原岩形成时代为新元古代早期。阿尔金新元古代同碰撞花岗岩的确定，不仪明确了新元古代早期陆块汇聚在该区的存在，而且对区内新元古代早期造山作用的鉴别，重塑西部古大陆的演化历史、构造格架以及探讨它们之间的关系都有十分重要的意义，同时对于深入探讨区内高压-超高压岩石与围岩之间的相互关系提供了重要的约束资料。     

华南双桥山群和河上镇群凝灰岩中的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄—对江南新元古代造山带演化的制约

通过西澳科庭大学离子探针中心的远程测试,在双桥山群横涌组和安乐林组斑脱岩中获得大量锆石,其SHRIMP U-Pb加权平均年龄为831Ma±5Ma(横涌组)、829Ma±5Ma(安乐林组),在河上镇群上墅组中获得加权平均年龄767Ma±5Ma.锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄表明华南地区广为发育的双桥山群应归入新元古界,该年龄为标定双桥山群在地层柱中的位置提供了准确的年代学依据.     

Obduction-type granites within the NE Jiangxi Ophiolite: Implications for the final amalgamation between the Yangtze and Cathaysia Blocks

Leucogranitic lenses are found within the Xiwan ophiolitic mélange in northeastern Jiangxi Province, South China. The leucogranites occur exclusively within the serpentinized peridotite unit of the ophiolite suite. SHRIMP U–Pb zircon dating results indicate that these granites were formed at 880 ± 19 Ma, and were overprinted by an Indosinian tectono-thermal event at ~ 230 Ma. The leucogranites are peraluminous (A/CNK = 1.0–1.24), characterized by high Al₂O₃ (14–18.33%) and Na₂O (6.5–10%) and clearly low εNd(T) values of 0.8 to − 3.9 compared with the other rock units of the ophiolite suite. On the basis of their REE characters, the leucogranites can be divided into three groups. Group I leucogranites show the most fractionated LREE-enrichment patterns (with La_N/Yb_N and La_N/Sm_N ratios of 30.1–75.0 and 2.3–3.9, respectively). Group II leucogranites have moderately fractionated LREE-enrichment patterns (with La_N/Yb_N and La_N/Sm_N ratios of 13.1–26.5 and 0.8–1.9, respectively). Group III leucogranites are characterized by obviously low total REE contents and flat REE patterns with significant positive Eu anomalies, probably due to small degrees of partial melting. All these leucogranites were likely formed by partial melting of sedimentary rocks from a marginal basin at the Yangtze side of the orogen, beneath a major thrust fault during the obduction of the ophiolite onto the continental crust. They are broadly similar to obduction-related granites within ophiolites identified in many places worldwide. Identification of the ca. 880 Ma obduction-type granites in the NE Jiangxi ophiolite provides a petrological constraint on the timing of the ophiolite obduction onto the continental crust. In combination with the termination of the Shuangxiwu arc magmatism at ca. 890 Ma, we interpret that the close of the Neoproterozoic back-arc basin and the termination of the continental amalgamation between the Yangtze and Cathaysia Blocks occurred at ca. 880 Ma.     

Neoproterozoic glaciation in the mid-oceanic realm: An example from hemi-pelagic mudstones on Llanddwyn Island, Anglesey, UK

We report the first occurrence of ice-rafted dropstones in mid-oceanic sediments belonging to an ocean plate stratigraphy within a Neoproterozoic accretionary complex on Llanddwyn Island, Wales, UK. Dropstones of sandstone, chert, and basalt occur as matrix-supported exotic clasts in a 1 m-thick, hemi-pelagic mafic mudstone; the largest clast is 20 × 25 cm across. These dropstones occur specifically in hemi-pelagic mafic mudstone that is located at the structural top of ocean plate stratigraphy that records a ridge-trench transition; they are supplementary to dropstones associated with extensive tillites reported in shallow marine sequences of continental shelf facies and in back-arc basins.     

Geochronology, Geochemistry, Whole Rock Sr-Nd and Zircon Hf-O Isotopes of the Early Neoproterozoic Volcanic Rocks in Jiangshan, Eastern Part of the Jiangnan Orogen: Constraints on Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications

This paper presents the results of combined studies of geochronology, geochemistry, whole rock Sr-Nd and zircon Hf-O isotopes carried out upon the rhyodacite and ignimbrite of Shangshu village, Shangyu town and Shanghupeng village of Jiangshan City in Zhejiang Province, along the northwestern side of the Jiangshan–Shaoxing suture. SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating of samples in the three areas yielded weighted mean 206 Pb/238 U ages of 842.8 ± 6.9 Ma and 850.0 ± 7.3 Ma, 839 ± 9 Ma and 832.2 ± 8.1 Ma, 828.3 ± 8.5 Ma and 836.9 ± 9.9 Ma, respectively. These ages are older than the volcanic rocks of the Shangshu Formation dated at around 780 Ma distributed in Fuyang City, Hangzhou City, Kaihua County, etc. The volcanic rocks generally have high SiO2(54.08–76.80 wt%) and Al2 O3(12.40–21.31 wt%), low Fe2 O3(0.68–8.92 wt%), MgO(0.29–2.49 wt%), CaO(0.12–2.86 wt%), TiO2(0.10–1.59 wt%) and P2 O5(0.01–0.39 wt%), with variable total alkalis(K2 O + Na2 O =5.42–8.29 wt%). There exists a clear negative correlation between SiO2 and P2 O5. The volcanic rocks have A/CNK ratios of 1.03–2.77 and thus are peraluminous. They are characterized by enrichment in LREE, Rb, Ba, Zr, Hf, K, Th, La, U and depletion in Nb, Sr, P, Ti, with distinct LREE and HREE fractionation of(La/Yb)N values of 5.68–11.67, and with a moderate negative Eu anomaly(Eu=0.58–0.89). Whole-rock geochemical data shows that the Jiangshan volcanic rocks are possibly I-type granitic rocks, even though they have some characteristics of AS-type granites due to the magma fractional crystallization and water-rock interaction. Zircon δ18 O values are 3.97‰–5.49‰(average 4.50‰), 2.90‰–5.21‰(average 4.32‰) for ignimbrite from Shangshu village section, and Shanghupeng village section, respectively. They are slightly lower than the average δ18 O values of igneous zircons in equilibrium with mantle magmas(5.3 ± 0.6‰(2σ)), the lower δ18 O value also demonstrating the presence of high temperature water-rock interactions. The ignimbrite rocks have positive εNd(t)(4.02, 3.37, 3.91, 4.74, 2.85, 4.39, totals from the three areas) and εNd(t)(in-situ zircon)(4.3–14.6, a weighted mean of 8.4; 6.6–12.7, a weighted mean of 9.0; 8.1–12.0, a weighted mean of 9.5, respectively, from the three areas). In conjunction with the trace element studies, they indicate that the source region of the Jiangshan volcanic rocks was mainly composed of juvenile lower crustal material, mixed with some mantle-sourced magma. Detailed elemental and isotopic data suggest that the Jiangshan volcanic rocks were formed in a continental arc setting. There is a series of ca. 860–830 Ma volcanic rocks formed in a back-arc extensional setting in the southern margin of the eastern Jiangnan Orogen, along the northwest side of the Jiangshan–Shaoxing suture. The first stage rift-related anorogenic magmatism may have occurred as early as ca. 860 Ma in the eastern Jiangnan Orogen.     

塔里木地块西北缘阿克苏地区新元古代冰碛岩年代与冰期事件

塔里木地块新元古代冰期事件等时性对比存在争议,获得可靠的新元古代冰碛岩沉积时代意义重大.塔里木地块西北缘阿克苏地区出露2套新元古代冰碛岩沉积,通过对其进行岩石学、同位素年代学、岩石地球化学等分析,明确其沉积物岩石组合特征、限定其沉积时代、讨论其古气候风化条件等.化学蚀变指数(CIA)指示研究区的2套新元古代冰碛岩代表了...     

中国三大陆块中—新元古代泥质岩与碳酸盐岩元素地球化学特征

中国三大陆块中—新元古代地层格架中广泛分布低变质程度的泥质岩与碳酸盐岩,其元素地球化学特征为研究地表圈层的历史演化提供了重要的基础资料。本文收集了近十几年国内外已发表的近2000组泥质岩/碳酸盐岩中地球化学数据,包括40种常量、微量元素含量组成,涉及华北陆块长城系、蓟县系、待建系及青白口系,扬子和塔里木陆块南华系、震旦系。结合文献中样品的岩性、实验方法以及地质背景特征,主要得出了以下认识：① 泥质岩中常量元素的平均含量与中国东部未变质泥质岩中的相似,但其整体上受到了新元古代冰期的影响,化学风化作用较弱,易流失的Na、K及Ca元素含量相对较高;碳酸盐岩中的常量元素含量组成与中国东部未变质富泥碳酸盐岩对比,具有少量的陆源物质输入且以白云岩为主,Mg含量较高。② 碳酸盐岩中较高的Mn/Sr比值应与成岩蚀变作用有关,虽然硅酸盐矿物少于泥质岩,但Sc、REE+Y以及氧化还原敏感元素更加富集,Sc和REE+Y元素与陆源碎屑的混染作用有关,而后者与氧化的海洋环境有关。③ 中元古代早期,华北沉积物中记录了Ce元素负异常以及氧化还原敏感元素含量的增高,响应了一次浅海的氧化事件,并促使了生物的演化。④ 进入新元古代,“雪球地球”事件被塔里木陆块泥质岩大范围变化的化学蚀变指数所记录,伴随着间冰期及冰期后海洋的增氧,扬子陆块新元古代沉积物部分微量元素含量又一次增加,对应着伊迪卡拉生物群的出现。     

塔里木盆地西北缘新元古界层序地层划分及区域对比意义

进行塔里木盆地新元古界层序划分及区域对比,有助于盆地形成早期环境演化研究与深部油气勘探。本文以塔里木盆地西北缘为例,通过新元古界沉积特征详尽剖析,划分了地层序列,进一步结合前人成果,对盆地周缘新元古界层序地层进行了区域对比。结果表明,受塔里木新元古代裂谷盆地演化的“裂陷—裂拗转换—拗陷”三个阶段控制,盆地西北缘新元古界可划分为三个二级层序：层序Sq1形成于成冰纪早期裂陷阶段,由成冰系东巧恩布拉克组和牧羊滩组构成,分布于孤立的小型地垒-地堑盆地,主要发育冰川及浅水陆棚沉积;层序Sq2形成于成冰纪晚期—埃迪卡拉纪早期裂—拗转换阶段,由成冰系尤尔美那克组与埃迪卡拉系苏盖特布拉克组构成,因盆地连通性加强而分布范围增大,发育冰川、潮坪及浅水陆棚沉积;层序Sq3形成于埃迪卡拉纪晚期拗陷阶段,由埃迪卡拉系奇格布拉克组构成,地层向隆起上超且分布范围广,发育碳酸盐岩台地沉积。根据塔里木盆地新元古代沉积-构造演化背景及年代地层格架,盆地西北缘阿克苏地区新元古界三分的层序充填样式可与盆地东北缘库鲁克塔格地区、西南缘叶城地区对比,其中Sq1层序及Sq2层序底部冰川杂砾岩分别与全球成冰纪Sturtian和Mar...