用线性规划法求解瞬变电磁场反射系数

讨论了在水平层状介质中的反射系数的物理意义 ,推出时间域含有以反射系数序列为未知项的欠定方程组 ,提出用线性规划法求解瞬变电磁场反射系数序列 ,并给出求解思路和程序框图。对两个理论模型进行了处理 ,计算出了其反射系数。算例分析结果表明 ,算法可靠 ,程序可行。这一方法可用于瞬变电磁成像数值计算中。     

考虑优势流作用的降雨入渗边坡可靠度分析

降雨诱发滑坡是世界上最普遍的地质灾害,而关于降雨入渗对边坡的可靠度分析,优势入渗的影响被长期忽视。使用Comsol Multiphysics对降雨条件下优势入渗做数值求解,利用无限边坡模型计算边坡安全系数;并应用改进Cholesky分解法生成空间相关随机场,使用蒙特卡洛方法分析降雨过程中边坡的可靠度。结合确定性与可靠度计算对比均质入渗与优势入渗在降雨过程中边坡安全性变化：（1）降雨强度较低时,优势入渗安全性较好,而降雨强度较高时,均质入渗更稳定;（2）均质入渗中参数空间变异性是边坡失稳破坏的关键因素,而优势入渗的边坡失稳则由湿润峰快速推进所导致;（3）针对优势入渗模型研究,发现基质域与优势域水力交换强度较大时边坡有更大概率失稳,而较小的水力交换强度可能影响边坡底部的失稳破坏。     

中国蛇绿岩清理——兼论蛇绿岩研究的新思路

中国蛇绿岩研究取得了很大的成绩,也存在许多问题。文中简要评述了日喀则、三江、青海、北秦岭、中亚造山带、东北以及中国南方蛇绿岩的若干问题,指出中国划归入蛇绿岩的地质体（组合）太多了,把许多可能不是蛇绿岩的地质体（组合）也当成了蛇绿岩。当前需要做的是去伪存真,对中国蛇绿岩进行一次认真的清理。文中指出,地幔橄榄岩无疑是蛇绿岩最重要的成员,它来自洋壳下。世界上还有另一类来自陆壳下的地幔岩,被称为“造山橄榄岩”。因此,地幔橄榄岩并非蛇绿岩所独有。此外,有越来越多的数据表明,在许多不同的构造背景下都可以出现类似MORB（大洋中脊玄武岩）地球化学性质的玄武岩,例如洋岛、岛弧、大陆溢流玄武岩、板内玄武岩以及太古宙（拉斑玄武岩和科马提岩）等。因此,不能简单地认为一个地区只要有了地幔橄榄岩和MORB就是蛇绿岩了。文中回顾了蛇绿岩研究的两个发展阶段：前一个阶段以1972年的彭罗斯会议为标志,开启了蛇绿岩研究的新篇章,当时的学术界主要关注蛇绿岩的岩石学和地球化学问题,关心蛇绿岩的岩石组合。新的阶段是从20世纪后期逐渐发展起来的,于近期取得了突出的进展。笔者等强调指出,蛇绿岩（野外出露更多的是蛇绿混杂岩）即蛇绿岩套,它不仅包括一个特定的岩石组合,还包括深海沉积。文中肯定了中外学术界在蛇绿岩构造研究方面获得的许多新发现、新思路和新进展。此外,大数据和地球物理方法也是非常有意义的。蛇绿岩是一个复杂体系,不确定的问题相当多。它们的解决需要构造地质学家、地层学家、古生物学家、岩石学家、地球化学家、年代学家以及地球物理学家的共同努力。     

Importance sampling based algorithm for efficient reliability analysis of axially loaded piles

In reliability analysis, the crude Monte Carlo method is known to be computationally demanding. To improve computational efficiency, this paper presents an importance sampling based algorithm that can be applied to conduct efficient reliability evaluation for axially loaded piles. The spatial variability of soil properties along the pile length is considered by random field modeling, in which a mean, a variance, and a correlation length are used to statistically characterize a random field. The local averaging subdivision technique is employed to generate random fields. In each realization, the random fields are used as inputs to the well-established load transfer method to evaluate the load–displacement behavior of an axially loaded pile. Failure is defined as the event where the vertical movement at the pile top exceeds the allowable displacement. By sampling more heavily from the region of interest and then scaling the indicator function back by a ratio of probability densities, a faster rate of convergence can be achieved in the proposed importance sampling algorithm while maintaining the same accuracy as in the crude Monte Carlo method. Two examples are given to demonstrate the accuracy and the efficiency of the proposed method. It is shown that the estimate based on the proposed importance sampling method is unbiased. Furthermore, the size of samples can be greatly reduced in the developed method.     

岩质路堑边坡施工监测及稳定性分析

以某高速公路岩质路堑边坡为例,通过施工现场监测及稳定性分析,结果显示初始设计状态下坡体深层位移和坡面位移接近滑动临界值。采取变更设计后,利用现场监测结合蒙特卡洛数值模拟的方法对该路堑边坡的加固效果进行稳定性和可靠性分析。经过加固后的边坡能较好地维持稳定,支护措施可靠。这种现场监测结合蒙特卡洛数值模拟的方法为路堑边坡的动态设计提供了依据,并能及时作出趋势性预测,为路堑岩质边坡的合理支护提供一种新的思路。     

区域地下水动态观测网优化的组合克立金方法

本文推导出了普通二变量及泛二变量组合克立金方程式．同时，给出了两种方法的估计误差标准差求解方程，可用于地下水动态观测网的密度优化；该方法还可用于地下水位、水中离子浓度的最优估计．     

COMPARISON OF MEASUREMENT METHODS BASED ON A MODEL FOR THE ERROR STRUCTURE

Comparison of methods is a technique often used for investigation of systematic errors of measurementmethods.As concerns the design and analysis of such comparisons,much variety of opinion and practiceexists.In one approach a few specimens are measured several times by different operators in differentlaboratories(reproducibility conditions)and in another approach several specimens are measured on oneor a few occasions by one operator in the same laboratory(repeatability conditions).In this paper amodel for the error structure of measurements is formulated and it is emphasized that one has todistinguish between two types of systematic errors:the first type depends only on the level of themeasured quantity and the second type is specific for the separate specimens.On the basis of this modelthe information which can be obtained from the different designs of method comparisons is discussed.A new approach for the analysis of method comparisons with many specimens is also proposed.     

光子计数资料处理方法的比较

本文通过对天体测量仪器光子计数模拟资料的处理,比较了13种不同的平滑模型和两种定心算法对最终精度的影响;提出了利用频率域滤波和修正矩方法相结合的最佳处理方法;并对比较结果进行了多方面的讨论。     

一种生成大周期伪随机数的新算法——改进的混合同余法

为了克服当前所生成的伪随机数周期小、每个随机数仅能出现1次而不能重复的缺点,本文提出了一种生成伪随机数的新方法,称为改进的混合同余法。     

Primary proton spectrum around the knee deduced from the emulsion-chamber data obtained at Mts. Fuji and Kanbala

We have done extensive Monte Carlo simulations using the new simulation codes of CORSIKA and COSMOS to compare with the gamma-family data obtained at Mts. Fuji (3750 m above sea level) and Kanbala (5500 m above sea level). Then, we estimated the primary proton and helium spectra around the knee energy region using a multiple-layered feed-forward neural network as a classifier of primary particle kind. The selection efficiency of proton-induced family events is estimated to be 82%. The flux value of protons at 2×10¹⁵ eV is (5.5±1.5)×10⁻¹⁴ (m⁻² s⁻¹ sr⁻¹ GeV⁻¹). The result suggests heavy-enriched primary composition around the knee region.