High-resolution optical dating of Late Holocene storm surge deposits – a showcase from Schokland (Noordoostpolder,the Netherlands)

Storm surges have a major impact on land use and human habitation in coastal regions. Our knowledge of this impact can be improved by correlating long-term historical storm records with sedimentary evidence of storm surges, but so far few studies have applied such an approach. Here we apply, for the first time, state-of-the-art optically stimulating luminescence (OSL) methods to obtain high-resolution age information on a sequence of Late Holocene storm surge deposits. By combining this chronological framework of storm surges with other reconstruction methods, we investigate the storm surge impact on the former island Schokland, located in a former inlet of the North Sea (central Netherlands).During the Late Holocene, Schokland transformed from a peat area that gradually inundated (~800 CE) via an island in a marginal marine environment (~1600 CE) to a land-locked island in the reclaimed Province of Flevoland (1942 CE). These transitions are recorded in the sediment archive of the island, consisting of silty clay with sandy intervals deposited during storm surges. A series of ten quartz OSL ages, obtained using best-practice methods to deal with incomplete resetting of the OSL signal and dose rate heterogeneity, reveal two periods of storm surge deposition, around 1600 CE and between 1742 and 1822 CE. Historical sources indicate that major storm surges hit Schokland during these periods. Laboratory analyses (thermogravimetry, grain-size, foraminifera, bivalves and ostracods) corroborates the existence of the two sets of storm surge deposits within the clay sequence. Our study sets a benchmark for obtaining robust depositional age constraints from storm surge sediments, and demonstrates the great potential of modern OSL methods to contribute to improved assessment of storm surge risk. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

西藏地区现代沉积物中介形类环境指示意义初探

于2008和2012年先后2次从西藏阿里和那曲地区61个不同水体,包括不同盐度的湖泊、湿地、浅水坑和河流等,共采集了78个水体表层沉积物样品,用以研究该地区现生介形类的生态分布及其环境指示意义.经鉴定,阿里和那曲地区现生介形类共计11属38种.除Ilyocypris neoaspera等5个种外,本次调查的介形类各属种均在湖泊中出现,尤以Limnocythere dubiosa的总壳瓣数最为丰富.Ilyocypris属中除Ilyocypris subdunshanensis和Ilyocypris xizangensis外,其余各种均喜浅水坑的小型浅水环境.Leucocythere dilitata、Limnocythere dubiosa、Limnocytherellina kunlunensis和Eucypris rischtanica为该地区的广盐种.其中Limnocythere dubiosa和Leucocythere dilitata适应盐度范围最广,在不同盐度的各类水体中均有出现.本次研究中的介形类均喜碱性水体,在p H值为8~9的水体中介形类各属种的丰度值达到最大.     

山东省海洋水产原、良种产业的发展和对策

为进一步提高山东省海洋水产种业的发展水平,促进海水养殖业和渔业经济的可持续发展,文章总结山东省海洋水产原、良种产业的发展特点,分析存在的问题,并提出对策建议。研究结果表明：山东省海洋水产原、良种产业具有起步较晚但发展速度较快,品种多、覆盖面广,代际连续性较强以及原、良种场建设全国领先的特点;目前仍然存在海洋水产良种的市场化程度较低、水产企业良种研发能力较弱以及国家级原、良种场的作用未有效发挥的问题;今后应重点推动育种技术进步,推进育、繁、推一体化发展模式,树立品牌意识,建立良种独立技术体系,加大对水产企业的支持力度,加强种质资源保护以及建立市场准入制度。     

建立适应现代企业制度的财务机制

财务管理涉及到企业的供产销等多个环节 ,是企业内部管理各个系统中的重要组成部分 ,因而应确立财务管理在企业管理中的中心地位。     

重新认识先秦地理学的成就——兼论中国地理学发展史上一次大断裂

当前,国内外地理学史界对中国先秦地理学的成就普遍认识不够。本文认为先秦地理学的成就相当辉煌,是中国地理学著作的创立时代,亦是中国古代地理学成为一门学问的时代。先秦地理学还有着考察自然、研究自然的好传统,秦汉及其以后的中国古代地理学基本上丢失了这个传统,走上侧重地理沿革的考证、社会历史和社会状况的记述之路,形成内容上以史学地理、经学地理、沿革地理为主体的中国传统地理学。先秦与秦汉地理学之间存在一个大断裂。这个大断裂影响了中国古代地理学取得的成就,致使中国古代地理学无法发展衍生为近代地理学。     

Downstream changes in quartz OSL sensitivity in modern river sand reflects sediment source variability: Case studies from Rocky Mountain and Andean rivers

OSL (optically stimulated luminescence) sensitivity of quartz has been shown to either (1) record downstream sediment transport related to increased number and duration of light exposure cycles or (2) be a function of source geology, presenting a potential tool to track sediment provenance. To test these competing models this study leverages a suite of modern river samples from an extensional basin system in the Rocky Mountains of western USA (Bear River) and a retroarc foreland basin system in the southern Central Andes of Argentina (Río San Juan) to understand the relationships among quartz luminescence sensitivity, sediment transport distance, and catchment lithologies. We compare our results with petrographic analysis of the river sand composition, and characterization of the lithology and morphometrics of the river catchments. Samples taken along the Bear River and its major tributaries in the Rocky Mountains show a progressive downstream decrease in quartz OSL sensitivity that records variation in sediment provenance and steady contribution of lower OSL sensitivity quartz recycled from Palaeozoic passive margin stratigraphy. Andean river sand samples from the Rio San Juan network exhibit pervasive low sensitivity quartz derived from Andean arc volcanic rocks and recycled Neogene foreland basin strata. These modern river sand data do not show increased sensitivity with transport distance and instead indicates that in these landscapes, quartz OSL sensitivity is an intrinsic property of the source rock. Our study shows that river sands primarily composed of older, recycled low-strained quartz derived from quartzite lithologies exhibit the highest quartz sensitivity values. Moderate quartz OSL sensitivity values are observed in rivers with young igneous quartz derived directly from the volcanic and intrusive rocks. Conversely, microcrystalline quartz in chert lithic grains or polycrystalline quartz found in composite metamorphic lithic grains record the lowest quartz OSL sensitivity values. Determining the controlling factors of quartz sensitivity in river sand provides a current baseline for resolving paleogeographic and paleodrainage histories in the sedimentary record and provides further understanding of how sediments are eroded, transported, and deposited in fluvial systems with diverse tectonic settings and geologic source rocks.     

Is indigenous health knowledge converging to herbalism?: Healing practices among the Meru and the Maasai of the Ngarenyanyuki ward,Northern Tanzania

Globalization and cultural interaction, new lifestyles, the diffusion of “modern medicine”, the transformation of traditional religious practices and beliefs, have profoundly challenged and modified indigenous health systems. This paper questions whether due to these changes traditional healing systems are to some extent converging into “herbalism” and losing ties with their original cultural systems.By analyzing the healing practices of two communities (Maasai and Meru) in the rural ward of Ngarenyanyuki (Northern Tanzania), the paper explores how traditional and modern health knowledge circulates, changes, and evolves.Evidence from the case study shows that herbal remedies play an increasingly key role in traditional healing practices. Nevertheless, Maasai and Meru health knowledge emerges as a rich and challenging mix of evolving practices. The paper discusses these ongoing processes and inputs into the debate on health provision in African countries by underlining the need for a policy transition to more holistic healing systems which may provide highly desirable options in the current context of health reforms.     

浅析现代物探技术在工程地震中的应用

简单列术了现代物探技术的发展动态，提出把现代物探技术和工程地震有机地结合起来，推动工程地震技术进步，致力于现代物探技术在工程地震中的产业经发展，形成地震系统新的技术经济增长点。．     

韩江三角洲地貌发育的新认识

韩江三角洲从晚更新世中期开始沉积,经历了Q_3~(2-1)的古冲积扇、Q_3~(2-2)的占三角洲、Q_3~3的风化和新冲积扇、Q_4~1—Q_4~(2-1)的新三角洲、Q_4~(2-2)的贝壳堤和沼泽以及Q_4~3的沙堤-泻湖等六个发育阶段。发育模式为河流冲积扇与三角洲的交替发展。重新划分了三角洲的界线,面积为915.08km~2。划分出二类十亚类地貌类型。     

明、清、民国时期地图要素视觉表达方法分析

自明代杰出的地图学家罗洪先（1504-1564年）所编制的《广舆图》（1541年）和利玛窦带来西方精确地图测绘技术开始,中国的地图制图技术已经迈入了近代地图学的门槛,因此,明-清-民国是中国近代地图学从雏形走向成熟的完整阶段^[1]。随着现代地图的应用与发展广泛、深入,抽象的概括型地图符号及普通的二维平面地图已不能满足读图者的需求,制图者开始探索虚拟现实、三维地图等表达方法,这与中国近代传统制图的写景法有异曲同工之处。所以,对中国近代地图制图技术及表现方法的研究,对于现代地图学的发展具有重要作用。本文通过阅读大量的中国近代（即明、清、民国时期）的地图资料,查阅前人的研究资料,总结和提炼了中国明、清、民国3个不同时期地图制图的技术,分别阐述了3个时期地图要素、表示方法及其制图技术的发展。