土地征用制度改革的探索

征地补偿安置是当前群众反映最强烈并迫切要求解决的问题。要解决该问题必须进行土地征用制度改革．由政府按照市场公平原则向农民集体征购土地，实行统一的土地征购制度。     

关于建设菏泽数字国土工程的初步探讨

菏泽数字国土工程主要包括国土资源政务管理信息、土地管理信息、地质矿产资源信息、国土测绘管理信息和国土资源法规监察信息。3S术是其工程中空间数据获取和管理的技术基础。在工程建设中应首先科学编制建设规划。通过规划确定方针，提出目标，明确任务，有序地开展建设。     

Case history of controlling a landslide at Panluo open-pit mine in China

Controlling of landsides safely and economically is a great challenge to mine operators because landslides are major geological problems especially in open-pit mines. In this paper, a case history at Panluo open-pit mine is presented in detail to share the experiences and lessons with mine operators. Panluo open-pit mine is located in the southwestern Fujian province of China. It is the largest open-pit iron mine in the Fujian province and was planned in 1965 and is in full operation from 1978. In July 1990, an earthquake of magnitude 5.3 in Taiwan Strait and big rainstorms impacted the mine slope, causing tension cracks and rather large-scale failures, and forming a U-shaped landslide. Total potential volume was estimated to be up to 1.0 × 10⁶ m³. This directly threatened the mine production. In order to protect the mine production and the dwellers’ safety around, a dynamic comprehensive method was implemented including geotechnical investigations, in-situ testing and monitoring, stability analysis, and many mitigation and preventive measures. These measures slowed down the development and further occurrence of the landslide. The results showed that the landslides were still active, it was slowed with the control measures and moved rapidly with rainfall and mining down. However, no catastrophic accidents occurred and the pit mining was continued till it was closed at the elevation of 887 m in 2000. As a successful case of landslide control at an open-pit mine for 10 years, this paper reports the controlling measures in details. These experiences of landslide control may be beneficial to other similar mines for landslide control.     

Georadiochemical evidence to weathering of mining residues of the Mansfeld mining district,Germany

Mining heaps are used as archives for the investigation of weathering processes. Aim of this work was to investigate the different weathering behavior of heap materials derived from Kupferschiefer mining with respect to environmental hazard. For this purpose, Kupferschiefer and slag material of two heaps of different age were examined regarding to the radionuclide distribution and geochemical composition. By measuring of the local dose rate, performing digital autoradiography and gamma spectrometry the radiological load of the heaps and the heap materials was determined. The geochemical characterization of the samples was performed by XRF, ICP–OES and ICP–MS. The results show a clear higher radionuclide load of the younger slag heap. A depletion of chalcophile and lithophile elements in the older slag was determined. Apart from a homogeneous radionuclide distribution, considerable radionuclide enrichments in fossil fragments could be proven. The results reveal a different weathering behavior of slag material in comparison to the Kupferschiefer depending on the chemical binding of the elements on organic and inorganic species. Natural organic matter as well as apatite in Kupferschiefer act as retention barrier for some metals.     

Framing in geographical analysis of environmental conflicts: Theory, methodology and three case studies

When applied to environmental concerns, framing offers a rigorous conceptual and analytic approach with potentially practical significance for dealing with complex issues relevant to geography. The purpose of this article is to introduce framing concepts, typology and modes of analysis to address issues which geographers commonly treat: disputes over land ownership and uses, competition for water resources, cultural clashes over control of territory and resources and the impact of spatial patterns and structures when siting noxious sites. Framing analysis is applied to three cases of environmental conflict in Israel and, more generally, for understanding conflicts revolving around the management of human habitats in relation to the physical environment.     

Pervasive wetland flooding in the glacial drift prairie of North Dakota (USA)

This article describes a unique flood hazard, produced by the dramatic expansion of wetlands in Nelson County, located within the North American Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota, USA. There has been an unprecedented increase in the number, average size, and permanence of prairie wetlands, and a significant increase in the size of a closed lake (Stump Lake) due to a decade-long wet spell that began in 1993 following a prolonged drying trend. Base-line land cover information from the 1992 USGS National Land Cover Characterization dataset, and a Landsat TM scene acquired 9 July 2001 are used to assess the growth of the closed lake and wetland pond surface areas, and to analyze the type and area of various land cover classes inundated between 1992 and 2001. The open water profile in Nelson County changed from one marked by relatively comparable coverage of closed lake and wetland pond areas in 1992, to one in which wetland open water accounted for the vast majority of total open water in 2001. The bulk of the wetland pond area expansion occurred by displacing existing wetland vegetation and agricultural cropland. Producers responded to the flood hazard by filing Federal Crop Insurance Corporation (FCIC) claims and enrolling cropland in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), a federal land retirement program. Land taken out of agricultural production has had an enormous impact upon the agricultural sector that forms the economic base of the rural economy. In 2001 the land taken out of production due to CRP enrollment and preventive planting claims represented nearly 42% of Nelson County’s 205.2 K ha base agricultural land. The patterns obtained from this detailed study of Nelson County are likely to be the representative of the more publicized flood disaster occurring within the Devils Lake Basin of North Dakota.     

地面沉降在闸涵工程运行中引起的经济损失的探讨

通过对天津市内主要河流上的4座具有代表性的闸涵进行详细的计算分析,得出闸涵水利工程维护费用中约19%属于地面沉降引起的损失,并将此比重推广到全市的闸涵工程,最后计算得出地面沉降造成的损失约为3.45亿元。     

现代黄河三角洲土地利用变化分析

人类对海岸带的开发利用影响着海岸的变迁。土地利用和土地覆被变化可以说是自然与人文过程交叉最为密切的问题，是人地关系的具体体现。通过对黄河三角洲土地利用变化的研究，可了解人为因素对三角洲海岸带的开发利用状况及其对海岸侵蚀的影响。根据1987年和2001年两期卫星遥感图像和2001年野外调查数据，运用地理信息系统方法及数理统计方法，分析了现代黄河三角洲地区1987年至2001年土地利用／覆被的数量变化和空间变化特征；揭示了该地区各类土地利用数量变化的幅度、速度和土地利用空间变化的主要类型；阐明了该区各类土地利用变化的区域特点。该地区土地利用变化速度比整个环渤海地区速度快，草地、滩地和不明地类这3种类型大量减少，其他类型增多。从变化率来看，养殖区、库塘、油田用地增长最快。库塘、海滩养殖区等类型的增加，滨海草地的减少，使海岸侵蚀加剧。     

南黄海及相邻陆区松散沉积层磁性地层的研究

本文通过研究区5个钻孔松散沉积岩心磁性地层的划分对比,获知布容与松山极性带的界线,南黄海和陆区北部位于80.0—99.5m。陆区的南部此界线于270.4m深处。松山和高斯极性带的界线,海区未揭露到,其沉积起始时间都小于1.7Ma。而陆区的南、北部分别位于117m和328.2m。高斯和吉尔伯特极性带的界线,陆区北部为140m,而南部区为460.15m。沉积起始时间为3.4Ma。吉尔伯特底界仅北部陆区所揭示,为190.5m。松散沉积层与下伏白垩纪(?)石灰岩接触面位于400.35m,沉积起始时间约17.0Ma。