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101.
During the last 30 years, the methodology for assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources used by the Geological
Survey has undergone considerable change. This evolution has been based on five major principles. First, the U.S. Geological
Survey has responsibility for a wide range of U.S. and world assessments and requires a robust methodology suitable for immaturely
explored as well as maturely explored areas. Second, the assessments should be based on as comprehensive a set of geological
and exploration history data as possible. Third, the perils of methods that solely use statistical methods without geological
analysis are recognized. Fourth, the methodology and course of the assessment should be documented as transparently as possible,
within the limits imposed by the inevitable use of subjective judgement. Fifth, the multiple uses of the assessments require
a continuing effort to provide the documentation in such ways as to increase utility to the many types of users.
Undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources are those recoverable volumes in undiscovered, discrete, conventional structural
or stratigraphic traps. The USGS 2000 methodology for these resources is based on a framework of assessing numbers and sizes
of undiscovered oil and gas accumulations and the associated risks. The input is standardized on a form termed the Seventh
Approximation Data Form for Conventional Assessment Units. Volumes of resource are then calculated using a Monte Carlo program
named Emc2, but an alternative analytic (non-Monte Carlo) program named ASSESS also can be used.
The resource assessment methodology continues to change. Accumulation-size distributions are being examined to determine how
sensitive the results are to size-distribution assumptions. The resource assessment output is changing to provide better applicability
for economic analysis. The separate methodology for assessing continuous (unconventional) resources also has been evolving.
Further studies of the relationship between geologic models of conventional and continuous resources will likely impact the
respective resource assessment methodologies. 相似文献
102.
Ruth Lane Damian Lucas Frank Vanclay Sophie Henry Ian Coates 《The Australian geographer》2005,36(3):351-367
Emerging approaches to environmental governance require a greater level of community participation than did previous approaches in which these responsibilities largely rested with government agencies. There is consequently a need for increased engagement with NRM among a broad community sector. This paper examines initiatives by two prominent government agencies, the Murray–Darling Basin Commission (MDBC) and the National Museum of Australia (NMA), to engage school children from regional communities using education programs that focus on place and environmental health. We focus on the MDBC's International Riverhealth Conference held in Mildura in 2003 and the associated Murray–Darling Basin TalkBack Classroom sponsored by the NMA and the Parliamentary Education Office (PEO). We explore how key themes of local scale, place-based identities, youth voice and critical engagement are developed in these programs and consider how they relate to the environmental agency of children. We then reflect on the potential for the kinds of environmental agency promoted through these programs to help build the capacity of local communities to progress larger goals of environmental restoration and sustainability in the Murray–Darling Basin. The evaluation research reported here forms part of the Committing to Place research project, an Australian Research Council Linkage grant involving the University of Tasmania, the National Museum of Australia and the Murray–Darling Basin Commission. 相似文献
103.
Brian McGowran 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2005,16(3):200-218
INTRODUCTION Microfossilsaregenerallythemostversatileand “useful”offossilsforbothcorrelationandagedeter minationandpaleoenvironmentalanalysis.Among microfossilstheforaminiferaarepre eminent(Fig. 1).Wefindinthesamesample—beitoutcropor subsurface,onshor… 相似文献
104.
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109.
中国城市群紧凑度的综合测度分析 总被引:27,自引:3,他引:24
城市群紧凑度是指在城市群形成与发育过程中; 所体现出的城市(城镇)、产业、资源、 资金、交通、技术、人才等物质实体按照一定的经济技术联系在空间上的集中程度; 包括城 市群产业紧凑度、城市群空间紧凑度和城市群交通紧凑度等类型。适度的紧凑度是城市群综 合效益最大化的集中体现; 城市群紧凑度过高、过低都不利于城市群的健康发展。从产业、 空间和交通三大视角入手; 通过构建城市群紧凑度的综合测度模型; 对选取的23 个城市群紧 凑程度进行分析后认为; 中国城市群紧凑度总体不高; 且空间差异性大; 根据这种差异; 采用聚类分析法可将中国城市群综合紧凑度划分为高度紧凑、紧凑、中度紧凑、低度紧凑和不紧凑(分散) 5 个等级。城市群综合紧凑度呈现出由东向西、由南向北逐渐降低的分异态势。 城市群综合紧凑度与城市群发育程度呈现出高度的正相关性。如何科学调控城市群紧凑程度; 紧凑程度达到一种什么样的标准才是最佳选择; 这是本文研究中试图回答的问题。该研究为 我国城市群的形成与发育; 为建设资源节约型城市群、环境友好型城市群、生态型城市群和 高效型城市群提供定量的决策依据; 为推动我国城市群的适度集聚和健康发展奠定科学基础。 相似文献
110.
历史时期流域生态安全探研——以汾河上游为例 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
本文选择了位于生态脆弱区的汾河上游为研究区域,运用"系列横剖面"、"压力-状态-响应"框架模型等方法,对历史时期流域生态安全问题进行了尝试性探索。研究表明:与历史时期社会生产技术水平相适应,人类对环境的干预及应对环境变迁的能力较低,故历史时期流域生态安全也存在波动变化;研究历史时期生态脆弱地带的流域生态安全,人口数量、耕地数量、畜牧业开发程度、国家政策、战争频次等应是主要指标;在"压力-状态-响应"评价体系下,压力、状态指标安全指数呈下降趋势,响应指标安全指数反之,民间控制行为的出现反证了生态演变程度的加剧。本文研究复原了历史时期汾河上游生态安全演变态势,但如何量化不同阶段的流域生态阈值,并进行生态安全性的判别等,尚待进一步深入研究。 相似文献