ON THE USE OF MOVABLE-BED MODELS FOR RIVER PROBLEMS:A STATE-OF-THE-ART

I. INTRODUCTIONMore than a decade ago, under tile auspices of DELFT HYDRAULICS an overview on the use ofmodels for river problems was given (de Vries & van der Zwaard. 1975). Since then a better understanding of morphological processes in rivers has been obtained, their mathematical formulation hasbeen improved and computer facilities have been expended. Scale models and mathematical models arein use. but their field of application is gradually changing. It seems that the better ma…     

NUMERICAL MODELING OF HEAVY METAL POLLUTANT TRANSPORT-TRANSFORMATION IN FLUVIAL RIVERS：A REVIEW

A detailed discussion of existing three kinds of mathematical models of heavy metal pollutant transport-transformation in fluvial rivers is presented, with an emphasis on the mathematical model of heavy metal pollutant transport-transformation dynamics. The imperfection of two kinds of mathematical models, that is, mathematical model of chemical thermodynamic equilibrium and that of chemical reaction kinetics, and the shortcoming of existing mathematical models of heavy metal pollutant transport-transformation dynamics are pointed out. Furthermore, the structure of mathematical model of heavy metal pollutant transport-transformation dynamics in fluvial rivers is suggested. Equations in the mathematical model of heavy metal pollutant transport-transformation dynamics in fluvial rivers will be discussed in the following paper.     

关于动力稳定性研究中的数学方法综述

动力稳定性理论的研究属于基础理论问题,它的发展依赖于数学的发展,同样对它的研究也推动了数学的发展。至今为止,已经出现多种有关研究动力稳定性的数学方法,本文对动力稳定性研究中的典型的数学方法逐一进行了简单介绍,并对有关问题作出简要评述。     

APPLICATION OF A QUASI-2D HYDRO-MORPHOLOGICAL MODEL TO THE ARGENTINEAN PARAN RIVER

1 INTRODUCTION Mathematical models to analyze the one-dimensional morphological evolution of alluvial rivers, induced either by natural events or anthropic actions, have been commonly applied since the original work of de Vries (1957, 1965, 1969). In the last decades much effort was made in developing suitable 2D horizontal and 3D time-depending mathematical models to study riverbed changes. In fact, full 2D-H hydro-morphological models (Olesen, 1987; Spasojevic and Holly, 1988) as w…     

PET图像中基于形态学和样条模型方法进行心脏的边缘提取

PET在医学图像技术研究以及临床应用中正扮演着越来越重要的角色。在PET心脏图像中,为了测量心脏对药物的吸收率,对图像中心脏边缘的提取成为测量计算的前提和关键。我们针对PET图像心脏的边缘提取问题,从两个角度分别提出两种方法——基于数学形态学的方法和基于样条模型的方法。数学形态法是先将PET图像二值化,再结合腐蚀和膨胀——两种数学形态学的基本操作对二值图像进行处理,最终获得结果。样条模型是用一组点和连接每相邻两点之间的样条曲线来表示心脏边界,将边缘提取问题转化一个全局最优化问题。针对PET心脏图像特点,我们给出了独特的能量函数作为迭代的停步条件。最后,我们比较了两种方法的结果和效率,结果表明两种方法的分割效果都是令人满意的。具体来说,前种方法的特点在于简单,快速和高效;而后种方法的稳定性和鲁棒性,对PET图像有着非常重要的意义。     

利用地下水数学模型确定电厂灰场库容

建立一维包气带溶质运移数学模型和二维潜水层溶质运移数学模型,对热电厂灰水污染物在包气带和潜水中的运移进行模拟,以下游水源地污染物浓度峰值不超过环境质量标准为依据,通过模型反复计算,得到包气带模型运行时长,即最大灰水排放时间,继而得到灰场库容.该方法可以为电厂灰场库容设计提供合理的标准,从而控制由于灰水排放所造成的潜水层污染问题.     

基于瓦斯抽采穿层钻孔的瓦斯地质勘查研究

针对回采工作面煤与瓦斯突出事故多发于煤厚变化带和隐伏小构造附近,研究了利用大量瓦斯抽采钻孔探明工作面瓦斯地质信息的技术途径。结合试验煤层工作面抽采钻孔施工设计,对抽采钻孔信息进行处理、建立数学模型,利用计算机作图软件对煤层厚度变化规律、隐伏小断层立体呈现,从而达到利用穿层抽采钻孔探明工作面前方隐伏瓦斯地质信息的目的。试验结果表明,工作面煤厚变化部位、遭遇断层位置与预测结果基本一致,回采阶段未出现瓦斯异常情况。     

基于CBS的违禁品目标凸现

本文在分析基于CBS的人身安检图像基础上,提出了基于数学形态学膨胀累加、双阈值分割的违禁品分割算法。采用形态学的膨胀累加算法可以有效抑制噪声并提高目标能量;利用连通性判断获得违禁品候选区域;最后通过获得的数据对违禁品目标进行有效地凸现。     

Alternative theory for signal contribution sections and depth of investigation characteristics in electrical prospecting

We present an alternative to Roy's theorem for direct current regimes with the aim of validating the theoretical basis of signal contribution sections in electrical prospecting. Roy's theorem establishes that the electrical potential at a point can be expressed as an integral over all space of the electric field weighted by the gradient of inverse distance. The integrand is interpreted to represent elementary contributions to the potential that can be analyzed to compare different electrode arrays. Signal contribution sections and depth of investigation characteristics can be beautifully illustrated with important practical applications. However, the electric potential, being the solution of a boundary value problem, cannot be uniquely decomposed into elementary contributions. There is no guarantee for the integrand of a given integral to be meaningful in all situations. In the case of Roy's theorem, the concept has been severely criticized by respected scholars who challenged the scientific legitimacy of his approach. If we are going to keep the concept of elementary contributions alive, we need to go beyond Roy's theorem. In this paper, we develop an alternative theorem and show that it merges with the concept of sensitivity, which is unique and mathematically sound, and is also open to physical validation. This prevents any possible contradictions in the future and, equally important, eliminates the dichotomy between sensitivity and elementary contributions.