The effects of fisheries management on the Icelandic demersal fish value chain

Iceland׳s fishing industry has outperformed fishing industries in neighboring countries in recent years. This paper identifies key factors in market structure in recent decades that contribute to long run profitability of the Icelandic fishing (and fish processing) industry using semi-structured interviews with industry participants, and compares those with similar results from Norway. Further, the development of profitability in the Icelandic and Norwegian demersal fishing industries is used to assess the long run effects of different management systems on quality, product focus and profitability. The results indicate that three key changes in Icelandic regulation during the 1980s were important to the development of long run profitability within the fishing industry: the abolition of export barriers, the introduction of an individual transferable quota (ITQ) system and the establishment of fish auctions. A large and growing literature supports the role of ITQs in ensuring long run profitability. The importance of market structure for profitability has only recently been identified, affecting the ability of value chains to become market oriented and supply homogenous product flow from heterogeneous raw material. Comparison with Norway indicates that while individual transferable quota management does improve profitability in fishing to a certain extent, management systems must facilitate a strong market connection from consumers, through the stages of retail and processing, to fishers for the full realization of profit potential in the fishing industry.     

传统节庆在地方认同建构中的意义——以广州“迎春花市”为例

节庆是地理学研究地方认同的一个重要视角。广州“迎春花市”与广府人“年卅晚行 花街”的传统民俗密不可分。一年一度的地方民俗节庆“迎春花市”作为广府地区的特质文 化形式, 在塑造地方认同中具有独特意义。本文基于新文化地理学视角, 采用问卷调查、参 与式观察、深度访谈等方法来搜集数据, 对问卷数据利用SPSS17.0进行频数统计、描述性统 计分析、数据质量分析、因子分析和单因子方差分析, 对访谈记录、网络资料等定性资料进 行文本分析。结果显示:(1)地方认同形成过程包含认知、情感和意向三个心理过程, 迎春 花市在这三个层面上都对地方认同的建构有积极作用。特别是, 政府尊重民意举办花市之举 措有利于促进地方认同的建构;(2)广州世居居民、父辈移居广州者、己辈定居者三类群体 对迎春花市的认同过程存在一定差异。尽管, 节庆能很好地将不同群体整合进更大的社区, 但是新来者要成为“本地人”,建立起地方认同仍需假以时日。这些发现将有助于理解广州不 同文化身份市民的文化融合及地方认同的形成原因     

浅谈调整测绘产业的发展方向

本文通过对目前测绘市场的划分和简单分析 ,阐述了在当今市场经济条件下 ,测绘产业应适当调整发展方向 ,积极参与市场竞争的途径。     

URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND REDEVELOPMENT IN SAN FRANCISCO*

ABSTRACT. San Francisco has arisen as an “instant city” not once but three times: after the California Gold Rush (1849–1875), following the 1906 earthquake and fire (1906–1930), and with the modern high-rise city (1960–1985). These pivotal periods of intense city building, each about twenty-five years in duration, have been separated by a generation of relative stability. Current redevelopment activity raises an intriguing historical-geographical question: Is a fourth instant city in the making?     

Russian behaviour in the market for permits under the Kyoto Protocol

After the US withdrawal from the Kyoto Protocol and the extension of national quotas in the Bonn and Marrakesh agreements, meagre environmental effects and a low price of emission permits are likely to be the outcome of implementation. This paper attempts to analyze this scenario, mainly in relation to the Russian case. I discuss on the basis of certain key assumptions the strategic options open to the supply side of the permit market and Russia’s potentially incompatible interests as a producer of oil and gas on the one hand and a dominating seller of emission permits under the Kyoto Protocol on the other. The analysis shows that Russian oil and gas interests are likely to boost Russia’s inclination to sell permits, ultimately resulting in lower permit prices.     

属地化后地勘单位的发展问题

对地勘单位属地化后发展的有关问题进行了分析，提出了属地化促进企业化和大部分地勘单位正处于企业化经营历史阶段的认识，指出在这一发展阶段应着力催生企业化市场机制，循序渐进地推进地勘企业改制，地勘企业将进一步属地化管理。     

湖南省探矿权、采矿权市场现状与发展对策

探矿权、采矿权市场是社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分．培育和规范探矿权、采矿权市场不仅是实现矿产资源利用方式和管理方式转变的根本途径，更是推动矿业经济全面开放。走向健康有序发展的强大动力．湖南省的探矿权、采矿权市场还不发育，与我国市场体制的发展进程和其他各类市场的建设进程相比，很难适应入世的需要．在对湖南省探矿权、采矿权市场现状进行深入分析的基础上，提出了解放思想、整顿秩序、明确政策、加强勘探。严格规划、加强领导等项措施来培育和规范我省探矿权、采矿权市场．     

气象信息价值实现的若干问题——关于四川省彭州市专业气象有偿服务的考察

气象信息价值的实现是气象服务存在与发展中带根本性的问题。从当前国内外气象服务发展的现状出发,以四川省彭州市的气象服务为依据,分别对专业气象有偿服务的内容、基本状况、实现气象信息价值的特点及实现气象信息价值的若干对策进行了全面探讨。     

Environmental considerations in the fertilizer use decision

 The increase in the use of fertilizer in agricultural production has been associated with a substantial increase in agricultural productivity in the United States. This increase in fertilizer use has been driven by a variety of economic forces including variations in the price of output and changing relative factor prices. Associated with the increase in the use of fertilizer have been adverse environmental consequences that are not reflected in the costs and returns of agricultural production. That is, externalities exist whose cost need to be internalized. Because the use of fertilizer has been shown to respond to market forces, it is efficient to use the market to control the use of fertilizer. This can be done through, for example, the use of a fertilizer tax. Received: 31 December 1996 · Accepted: 13 May 1997     

历史上北京城市场变迁及其区位研究

本文论述了历史上北京城市场的发展变迁，运用中地论于历史地理学的研究，分析了历代北京城市场空间分布的中心地结构的形成演变及影响市场区位的主要因素。