冲绳海槽中段线性磁条带异常及其构造发育

通过对磁场分析发现,冲绳海槽中段存在线性磁异常,说明海槽轴部地壳已经发生破裂,新鲜洋壳已经生成,目前已进入扩张阶段.通过对磁条带和地震地层的研究得出如下结论:冲绳海槽的张裂具有Ⅲ幕模式,即中到晚中新世的开裂幕(Ⅰ幕)、上新世—早更新世的拉张幕(Ⅱ幕)以及近代的扩张幕(Ⅲ幕).冲绳海槽中段的地磁场特征和已发生扩张的红海中段的磁场非常相似,说明冲绳海槽可能正向着“红海阶段”过渡发展.     

冲绳海槽北段表层沉积物中底栖有孔虫分布的研究

对1992年5月取自冲绳海槽北段（水深113-1156m，东经126°58.71'-129°9.06’，北纬28°41.75'-31°40.56'）92个表层沉积物中的底栖有孔虫数据进行R型因子分析。分析表明，黑潮流系有4个不同垂直水团的底栖有孔虫群落组合。其中Pseudorotaliaindopacifica,Bolovinarobusta,Cibicidesmargaritiferus,Textulariasaggitula,Cibicideslobatulus和Quinqueloculinaspp.代表黑潮流系的表层水;Hyalineabalthica，Caribeanelladepressa,Cibicidespraecinctus，Planulinawuellerstorfi和Melonisaffinis代表黑潮流系的次表层水;Globobuliminapacifica,Globocassidulinasubglobosa和Trifarinaspp.代表黑潮流系的中层水;Oridorsalistener,Martionottiellaokinawaensis,Pulleniaquinqueloba和Uvigerinadirupta代表黑潮流系的深层水。     

南冲绳海槽地震反射波特征及其地质解释

对南冲绳海槽进行反射地震调查 ,结果表明 :(1 )海槽盖层主要由反射层组 (时代相当于第四纪 )和反射层组 (时代相当于上新世 )组成 ,推测槽底局部存在中新统。槽底沉积物主要源自中国大陆。轴部目前仍处在裂陷作用阶段 ;(2 )断裂极为发育 ,可分 NE— SW向(西南端转为近 E— W向 )和 NW— SE向两组 ,分别属张性及张扭性断裂 ,后者切割前者 ;(3)岩浆活动十分强烈 ,东南缘岩浆活动尤甚 ,推测其岩性以中、基性岩为主     

南海西沙海槽,一条古缝合线

西沙海槽是一条水深１５００－３４００ｍ，长４２０ｋｍ的水槽，新生代沉积厚２－６ｋｍ。槽内发现北倾的地壳断裂。海槽的南北两侧之地壳结构差异很大。从区域地质资料看，我们认为西沙海槽一条印支时期的古缝合线。     

Okinawa Trough genesis: structure and evolution of a backarc basin developed in a continent

The Okinawa marginal basin was opened by crustal extension into the Asian continent, north of the Taiwan collision zone. It is located behind the Ryukyu Trench subduction zone and the Ryukyu active volcanic arc. If we except the Andaman Sea, the Okinawa Trough is the only example of marginal backarc basin type, opened into a continent at an early stage of evolution. Active rifting and spreading can be observed. Synthesis of siesmic reflection, seismic refraction, drilling, dredging and geological field data has resulted in interpretative geological cross sections and a structural map of the Ryukyu-Okinawa area. The main conclusions of the reconstruction of this backarc basin/volcanic arc evolution are. (1) Backarc rifting was initiated in the volcanic arc and propagated along it during the Neogene. It is still active at both ends of the basin. Remnants of volcanic arc are found on the continental side of the basin. (2) There was synchronism between opening and subsidence of the Okinawa Trough and tilting and subsidence of the forearc terrace. The late Miocene erosional surface is now 4000 m below sea-level in the forearc terrace, above the trench slope. Retreat and subsidence of the Ryukyu trench line relative to the Asian continental plate, could be one of the causes of tilting of the forearc and extension in the backarc area. (3) A major phase of crustal spreading occurred in Pliocene times 1.9 My ago in the south and central Okinawa Trough. (4) En échelon rifting and spreading structures of the central axes of the Okinawa Trough are oblique to the general trend of the arc and trench. The Ryukyu arc sub-plate cannot be considered as a rigid plate. Rotation of 45° to 50° of the southern Ryukyu arc, since the late Miocene, is inferred. The timing and kinematic evolution of the Taiwan collision and the south Okinawa Trough opening suggest a connection between these two events. The indentation process due to the collision of the north Luzon Arc with the China margin could have provoked: lateral extrusion; clockwise rotation (45° to 50° according to palaeomagnetic data) and buckling of the south Ryukyu non-volcanic arc; tension in the weak crustal zone constituted by the south Ryukyu volcanic arc and opening of the south Okinawa Trough. Similar lateral extrusions, rotations, buckling and tensional gaps have been observed in indentation experiments. Additional phenomena such as: thermal convection, retreating trench model or anchored slab model could maintain extension in the backarc basin. Such a hypothetical collision-lateral backarc opening model could explain the initiation of opening of backarc basins such as the Mariana Trough, Bonin Trough, Parece Vela — Shikoku Basin and Sea of Japan. A new late Cenozoic palaeogeographic evolution model of the Philippine Sea plate and surrounding areas is proposed.     

南沙海槽南缘逆掩推复构造地区的动力学分析

提出南沙海槽南缘推复构造的运动和形变是一种周期性的弹塑性运动,周期约为14Ma.建立推复楔形体的动力学模型及两个约束条件,求解得推复楔形体的底部中点的推复方向的主应力和逆掩面动摩擦系数的解析式.建立推复楔形体前缘地层被推复剪断的力学模型、密度模型和内摩擦角模型,求得推复前缘地层被推复剪断时的有效主应力、静岩压应力、推复方向的主应力及其合力和推复构造应力的解析式,建立推复底部的有效塑性屈服模型,求得推复底部屈服时中点的有效主应力和推复方向的主应力的解析式.选择两个剖面进行动力学计算,得到推复楔形体前缘的两个应力图、逆掩面的动摩擦系数及推复方向的主应力的合力.     

冲绳海槽沉积物干酪根特征

本文采用元素分析、镜下观察、红外光谱、扫描电镜和热解分析等技术,分析了冲绳海槽柱状样中腐植酸、富里酸和干酪根的化学、物理特征,并探讨了它们之间的成因关系和干酪根类型。沉积物的产烃能力甚差,每吨沉积物仅能生成0.49～1.18kg烃类物质。     

冲绳海槽D－086孔颗石藻化石及其古海洋学意义的初步探讨

本文通过对冲绳海槽Ｄ－０８６孔颗石藻化石的研究，自下而上划分出三个颗石藻化石组合：Ｇｅｐｈｙｒｏｃａｐｓａａｐｅｒｔａ－Ｇ．ｏｃｅａｎｉｃａ组合，Ｇｅｐｈｙｒｏ－ｃａｐｓａｅｒｉｃｓｏｎｉｉ－Ｃｏｃｃｏｌｉｔｈｕｓｃｒａｓｓｉｐｏｎｓ组合，Ｅｍｉｌｉａｎｉａｈｕｘｌｅｙｉ－Ｇｅｐｈｙｒｏｃａｐｓａｏ－ｃｅａｎｉｃａ组合；划分出Ｅ．ｈｕｘｌｅｙｉ带和Ｅ．ｈｕｘｌｅｙｉ高峰带的界线；每一个颗石藻化石组合代表一个气候期，它们分别与标准气候期的玉木亚间冰期，晚玉木冰期和冰后期相当。     

马里亚纳海槽玄武岩岩石学

马里亚纳海槽岩石学的研究表明本区岩石属基性的玄武岩,又细分为洋底玄武岩(OFB)和钙碱玄武岩(CAB)。微量元素相对球粒陨石标准化数值特征:除了Sc、Ti,V外,其它过渡元素都有亏损,Cr、Ni出现了明显负异常,Ti相对较富集,稀土元素(REE)表现富集型的型式;同位素测试结果,εNd(0)=6.9。可以认为这些玄武岩是上幔岩的局部熔融形成的岩浆沿着扩张中心喷溢到海底,而形成的新生洋壳。     

马里亚纳海槽区岩芯中浮游有孔虫和CaCO_3溶解及其影响溶解的因素

本文从浮游有孔虫壳体保存,数量,分异度值,底栖类/浮游类比率和CaCO_3含量诸方面讨论马里亚纳海槽区岩芯中溶解及其影响溶解的因素。