全球寒武系芙蓉统和排碧阶及其底界层型在我国确立

国际地球科学联合会最近批准了寒武纪全球年代地层单位芙蓉统和排碧阶及其底界的全球层型,层型剖面为中国湖南花垣排碧剖面. 寒武系在1835年由英国学者A.Sedgwick建立,以往没有全球统一的正式划分.为了解决寒武系年代地层再划分问题,国际地层委员会寒武系分会从1995年起,先后在摩洛哥、西班牙、加拿大、瑞典、美国、阿根廷、我国华南和法国举行了8次现场会议,寻找适合的剖面和点位.     

河北滦平球状闪长岩年代学及其地质意义

河北滦平球状闪长岩球中锆石的 U - Pb年龄为 2 84± 8Ma,代表了球体的形成年龄。球间基质中角闪石的 K- Ar法年龄为 2 91± 4 Ma,代表了岩体形成年龄 ;主岩中角闪石和白云母的 K- Ar法年龄分别为 2 79± 4Ma和 2 70± 4 Ma ,可能受到了岩浆期后热液的影响。上述年龄确定了滦平岩体为华力西期岩浆活动的产物 ,同时也进一步表明冀北地区确实存在华力西期岩浆活动旋回     

Spatially variable sedimentary responses to orbitally driven pluvial climate during Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 5.1, Dakhla Oasis region, Egypt

Pleistocene basinal sediments (PBS) in the Dakhla region of Egypt's hyperarid Western Desert comprise four facies: (A) fluvio-lacustrine, (B) mixed lacustrine/pluvio-eolian, (C) pluvio-eolian, and (D) mixed eolian/pluvio-eolian. Contiguity of basins containing each facies, and their stratigraphic position between two bajada gravel formations, P/B-II and P/B-III, confirm their equivalence. Facies A and B, with lacustrine components, are attributed to orbitally forced poleward incursion of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), resulting in increased summer insolation/temperature/precipitation. Facies C and D, comprising pluvio-eolian and eolian sediments, reflect geologic/topographic influences overprinted on regional 'pluvial' conditions, eliminating lacustrine response. A Th/U age of ∼ 62 ka on lacustrine marl within Facies B is minimal, and an OSL age of 110 ± 18 ka on sediments immediately below Facies B is maximal. Since bajada gravels P/B-III are the youngest Pleistocene formation, they must represent the final strong incursion of the ITCZ into the Dakhla region at MIS 5.1, ∼ 80 ka. Because PBS Facies A pass rapidly up into P/B-III bajada gravels, PBS are assigned to the rising limb of the MIS 5.1 insolation/temperature/precipitation curve, slightly younger than 80 ka.     

滇东南中三叠世拉丁期沉积体系与层序地层格架下的聚锰特征

为了研究海平面变化对含锰岩系的影响,找到沉积型锰矿层的分布规律。本文综合利用地层剖面岩相组合、沉积构造序列、生物化石标志等分析了滇东南地区中三叠世拉丁期含锰岩系的沉积体系与其空间配置格局。在此基础上,通过对不同古地理背景下层序界面及体系域界面的识别,建立了研究区中三叠世拉丁期的层序地层格架。总结了锰矿层位的空间叠置关系及其形成机制,指出海平面快速上升过程中的低速率沉积期最有利于锰矿沉积成矿,并提出研究区锰矿成矿模式:由于海平面区域性下降,由构造活动或风化淋滤带来的锰矿物质,在凹陷或者低洼部位聚集,伴随新一轮海平面快速上升,促使凹陷或者低洼部位更加封闭缺氧,达到锰矿进一步富集,最终在蓝绿藻类生物化学作用下成矿。     

新近系谢家阶层型剖面古地磁年代学研究

古地磁测量表明,中国新近系谢家阶界线层型剖面——西宁盆地谢家剖面共记录了18个正极性段与17个负极性段,与标准极性柱中C5Bn.2n—C7n.1n之间的极性带能很好的对应。剖面中谢家组的年龄为17.32—21.58Ma,谢家哺乳动物群的年龄约为21Ma,相当于MN2中期。     

几种凉水型腕足动物的分布特征

腕足动物的分布主要受温度—纬度控制,凉水型分子的地理分布、迁移与古气候的变化关系十分密切,向赤道方向的进退则代表了古气候的冷暖变化。通过兴蒙造山带中二叠世哲斯几个凉水型腕足动物属的地理分布特征分析,Yakovlevia具两极分布的特征,为典型凉水分子。     

High-Resolution Climate Simulations of Oxygen Isotope Stage 3 in Europe

Oxygen isotope stage 3 (OIS 3) climate and its variations are the focus of the Stage 3 Project. The objective of the OIS 3 modeling effort is twofold: (1) to explore the importance of different boundary conditions on the climate of Europe and (2) to develop climate simulations that best reproduce the wealth of OIS 3 observations. Given the complexity of the topography and coastlines, the modeling effort is based on a “nested” General Circulation Model (GCM) and mesoscale model (RegCM2) with climate simulations for Europe on a 60-km grid spacing. The key conclusions are as follows: (1) The mesoscale model, driven by GCM output, does a reasonable job of reproducing the modern European climate. (2) OIS 3 variations in orbit, CO₂, and ice-sheet size are of little significance in explaining the observed climate variability. (3) The model results focus attention on North Atlantic sea-surface temperatures (SST) as a major factor in explaining OIS 3 climates. (4) Experiments for different SST values capture a number of systematic changes in sea-level pressure and precipitation. (5) Climate models simulate substantial European cooling and significant changes in precipitation, but they do not explain large differences between OIS 3 warm and cold episodes.     

普洱地区中二叠统茅口阶地层及类分带

云南普洱中二叠统茅口阶地层处于古特提斯海云南 老挝海槽 ,沉积物为大套碳酸盐岩夹泥质岩。类化石十分丰富 ,依据垂直分布特征 ,由下而上建立Parafusulinanosonensis带及Neoschwagerinacriticulifera N .douvillei带 ,同时介绍了二化石带中类动物群特征 ,为与邻区中二叠统茅口阶地层的划分和对比提供了新的依据。     

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘中宁、乌达地区石炭纪海相双壳类

本文报道的海相双壳类化石采自鄂尔多斯盆地西缘石炭纪海陆交互相含煤地层．经研究，双壳类有１３属，２７种，其中某些属种为我国首次发现，并建立了３个新种：Ｓａｎｇｕｉｎｏｌｉｔｅｓｎｉｎｇｘｉａｅｎｓｉｓ，Ｌｅｐｔｏｄｅｓｍａｓｈｉｋｏｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ和Ｓｔｒｅｂｌｏｃｈｏｎｄｒｉａｄａｓｈｉｔｏｕｊｉｎｇｏｕｅｎｓｉｓ本文采取将石炭系二分方案．研究区上石炭统下部（靖远组和羊虎沟组）海相双壳类特别丰富，有１０属２１种．这一双壳类组合与西欧和北美同期（纳缪尔一维斯发期；宾夕法尼亚的早期）的双壳类面貌相似，与国内山西太原同期的动物群差别很大，而与甘肃靖远和河南固始等地的动物群关系密切，这对恢复当时的古地理有重要意义．