台风"杜鹃"影响期间福建大风天气的特点及成因

台风“杜鹃”影响期间，福建大风天气出现的比较早，而且范围比较大．本文通过对天气尺度的环境场、具有代表性的单站资料的对比分析，寻求大风出现的原因．还深入利用MM5模式对台风的气压场、风场、流场等进行数值模拟，分析结果表明台湾地形倒槽的形成对此次大风天气出现有着重要的作用，此外从流场分型的角度进一步分析台湾地形倒槽的形成原因．     

云南地区中小震分布的活动构造意义

利用2000年1月至2010年11年间云南地震台网有定位结果的19 737个中小地震和从公元前20年至2009年11月共567次破坏地震震中,探讨云南地区地震空间分布与构造活动的关系,结果表明:地震震中密集分布地带是现今活动构造主要位置,地震震中的空间分布具有明显的活动构造意义。     

沙漠化地区的旅游发展对沙漠化的影响研究——以河西走廊为例

以河西走廊为例研究了沙漠化地区的旅游开发对沙漠化的影响。研究发现,河西走廊主要的旅游资源的开发,都受到了沙漠生态环境空间上的制约,因此多数的旅游产品都集中在生态环境较好的绿洲上。通过计算旅游人口的用水量发现,旅游发展对沙漠化的直接影响很小,但旅游业在沙漠化地区不同流域地段的发展会对政府的环境政策产生不同的影响,从而间接影响到沙漠化的进程。     

基于多源遥感的聚落与多级人口统计 数据的关系分析

在四川省市州、区县和典型村等三级尺度上,探讨了基于多源遥感的聚落面积与多级人口统计数据的关系。首先,从LANSAT TM影像中提取农村和城镇聚落信息,从Quickbird 影像上提取农村聚落及其房屋地基信息。其次,通过叠加统计得到各级统计单元内的聚落面积;再次,在四川省市州和区县尺度上,分别对城乡聚落面积和总人口数、城镇聚落面积和非农业人口数、农村聚落面积和农业人口数等进行相关性分析, 城镇聚落和非农业人口数的相关系数最高,分别为0.962和0.791,并建立了基于城镇聚落面积的非农业人口数估算模型,其模型的判定系数分别为0.926和0.625;最后,在村级尺度上,对农村聚落及其房屋地基面积与农村人口数之间的相关性进行分析,其相关系数分别为0.806和0.825,分别建立基于农村聚落及其房屋地基面积的农村人口数估算模型,其模型的判定系数分别为0.65和0.68。研究表明,LANDSAT TM适用于大尺度的非农业人口估算,估算效果随尺度的降低而有所降低;Quickbird适合于精细尺度的农业人口估算。     

复杂地质背景下露天采场边坡失稳地质灾害预测及其防治对策

露天采矿场边坡失稳作为露天开采矿山常见的一种地质灾害,对采矿工人的人身安全和矿山开采设施及财产造成了极大危害。本文通过对大宝山露天采场边坡相关影响因素的研究,从影响采场稳定性的地质因素、采空区综合分析,辅以赤平极射投影的方法,探讨了在复杂地质背景下露天采场边坡失稳地质灾害的预测及其综合治理对策。     

A Laboratory Model for the Flow in Urban Street Canyons Induced by Bottom Heating

Water tank experiments are carried out to investigate the convection flow induced by bottom heating and the effects of the ambient wind on the flow in non-symmetrical urban street canyons based on the PIV (Particle Image Visualization) technique. Fluid experiments show that with calm ambient wind,the flows in the street canyon are completely driven by thermal force, and the convection can reach the upper atmosphere of the street canyon. Horizontal and vertical motions also appear above the roofs of the buildings. These are the conditions which favor the exchange of momentum and air mass between the street canyon and its environment. More than two vortices are induced by the convection, and the complex circulation pattern will vary with time in a wider street canyon. However， in a narrow street canyon， just one vortex appears. With a light ambient wind, the bottom heating and the associated convection result in just one main vortex. As the ambient wind speed increases, the vortex becomes more organized and its center shifts closer to the leeward building.     

华北山地地貌面与新生代构造运动

华北山地有三期山地夷平面，四期河流阶地面。表明新生代地壳运动具有垂直差异性质。以上升运动为主，平均升幅１７００ｍ，速度０．０３１ｍｍ／ａ。以第四纪为最大。全区新地壳构造形迹可划分为３大类，８亚类和３２个小类。在新生代构造运动中，又划分出第四纪以来的新构造运动和晚更新世以来的最新构造运动。     

大视场面阵数字航摄仪检测关键技术探讨

针对常规室内检校场无法满足大视场面阵数字航摄仪检测的问题,文章提出了一种适合此类航摄仪检校的野外检校场的建立方法,通过对检校场控制点布设方案设计、适合影像识别的地标形状设计和地标点三维坐标的精确测定方案研究,实现了检测场内控制点的高精度测量:建立适合大面阵数字航空摄影仪几何误差改正的数学模型,并通过多摄站拍摄足够数量的检校场影像,自动识别并测定每幅影像上全部地标点的影像坐标,用最小二乘平差计算间接求出相机的内方位元素和各项畸变参数,最后通过多组检测参数对比,验证了数学模型及其参数的可靠性与稳定性。     

Observed winds,turbulence, and dispersion in built-up downtown areas of Oklahoma City and Manhattan

Wind and tracer data from the Oklahoma City Joint Urban 2003 (JU2003) and the Manhattan Madison Square Garden 2005 (MSG05) urban field experiments are being analyzed to aid in understanding air flow and dispersion near street-level in built-up downtown areas. The mean winds are separately calculated for groups of anemometers having similar exposures such as “near street level” and “on building top”. Several general results are found, such as the scalar wind speed at street level is about 1/3 of that at building top. Turbulent standard deviations of wind speed components and temperature, and vertical fluxes of momentum and sensible heat, are calculated from sonic anemometers near street level at 20 locations in JU2003 and five locations in MSG05, and from two rooftop locations in MSG05. The turbulence observations are consistent with observations in the literature at other cities, although the JU2003 and MSG05 data are unique in that many data are available near street level. For example, it is found that the local (i.e., at the measuring height) averages about 1.5 and the local averages about 0.25 in the two cities, where is the standard deviation of vertical velocity fluctuations, is the friction velocity, and u is the wind speed. The ratio of temperature fluctuations to temperature scale, , averages about −3 in both cities, consistent with similarity theory for slightly unstable conditions, where is the standard deviation of temperature fluctuations, and is the temperature scale. The calculated Obukhov length, L, is also consistent with slightly unstable conditions near street level, even at night during JU2003. The SF₆ tracer concentration observations from JU2003 are analyzed. Values of for the continuous releases are calculated for each release and arc distance, where is the 30-min average arc maximum concentration, Q is the continuous source emission rate, and u is the spatial-averaged wind speed in the downtown area. The basic characteristics of the JU2003 plot of averaged agree reasonably well with similar plots for other urban experiments in Salt Lake City and London (i.e., at . A is found to be about 3 during the day and about 10 during the night.