新源、和静地震序列尾波Q值衰减特征研究

利用新源单台记录到的2012年6月30日新源、和静MS6.6地震序列以及震前的数字地震波资料,分析地震前后尾波Q值的变化特征.结果表明,在地震前后Q值有明显变化,而随着强震后能量的释放,Q值趋于平缓.通过对Q值变化特征的研究,可以为地震预报工作提供可靠依据.     

Robust adaptive polarization analysis method for eliminating ground roll in 3C land seismics

To improve the data quality of converted waves, and better identify and suppress the strong ground-roll interference in three-component (3C) seismic recordings on land, we present an adaptive polarization filtering method, which can effectively separate the groundroll interference by combining complex polarization and instantaneous polarization analysis. The ground roll noise is characterized by elliptical plane polarization, strong energy, low apparent velocity, and low frequency. After low-pass filtering of the 3C data input within a given time-window of the ground roll, the complex covariance matrix is decomposed using the sliding time window with overlapping data and length that depends on the dominant ground-roll frequency. The ground-roll model is established using the main eigenvectors, and the ground roll is detected and identified using the instantaneous polarization area attributes and average energy constraints of the ground-roll zone. Finally, the ground roll is subtracted. The threshold of the method is stable and easy to select, and offers good groundroll detection. The method is a robust polarization filtering method. Model calculations and actual data indicate that the method can effectively identify and attenuate ground roll while preserving the effective signals.     

江苏高邮、宝应MS4.9级地震现场震害调查与破坏原因研究

江苏高邮、宝应Ms4．9级地震在极震区造成了数10间农村民居不同程度和不同方式的破坏,出现人员伤亡。震后对地震灾害现场进行震害调查与破坏原因研究,典型的震害特征包括砖砌体、砖木和砖混结构房屋局部倾倒、墙体贯通开裂、房顶瓦片掀翻和烟囱倒塌等。农村民居遭到破坏的主要因素包括：选址不当、施工质量较差、砂浆强度不够、缺少圈梁和构造柱等。同时,分析了竖向地震作用和鞭梢效应等地震效应,讨论了砖砌体和砖混结构抗震设计的加固方法和改善抗震性能的构造措施等,为农村民居的抗震设防和减轻震害损失等提供参考。     

U–Pb Zircon Age Constraining the Source and Provenance of Gem‐Bearing Late Cenozoic Detrital Deposits,Mamfe Basin,SW Cameroon

Zircons and other heavy minerals (corundum, rutile, ilmenite, magnetite, sillimanite) are identified in the Nsanaragati gem corundum placer deposit, in the western part of the Mamfe sedimentary basin, SW Cameroon. These alluvial minerals have different morphological characteristics and zircons, in particular, vary mostly in colour and shape. They are reddish, brownish, yellowish, pink or colourless. These minerals form rounded and sub‐rounded alluvial grains, prismatic, pyramidal or dipyramidal crystals. Reddish zircons retain their original crystallographic shape. Trace element and U–Pb isotopic geochemical analyses of these reddish zircons, using the LA‐ICP‐MS method give significant Hf (4576–6334 ppm), Th (46–1565 ppm) and U (66–687 ppm) contents, with Th/U ratio ranging from 0.6 to 3.0. The ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U corrected mean age gave 12.39 ± 0.55 Ma, which characterizes an Upper Cenozoic (Serravallian) magmatic event. The zircons are probably sourced from a magmatic field in the South eastern boundary of the Cross River Formation. The Cameroon Volcanic Line of basaltic and alkaline lavas and intrusions which lie east of the Mamfe Basin mostly range in age from 37 Ma to <1 Ma. The zircons may also relate to the Mount Bambouto plateau lavas which lie northeast of the Mamfe sedimentary basin and have an eruptive age range of 21–14 Ma. The oldest Nsanaragati reddish zircon ages overlap within error with the end stages of the Bambouto eruptions. This eruptive or a related episode provides a potential source for megacrystic reddish zircons within the Nsanagarati placer deposit.     

Chemical Characterisation of Natural Ilmenite: A Possible New Reference Material

Seven ilmenite (FeTiO₃) megacrysts derived from alnöite pipes (Island of Malaita, Solomon Islands) were characterised for their major and trace element compositions in relation to their potential use as secondary reference materials for in situ microanalysis. Abundances of thirteen trace elements obtained by laser ablation ICP‐MS analyses (using the NIST SRM 610 glass reference material) were compared with those determined by solution‐mode ICP‐MS measurements, and these indicated good agreement for most elements. The accuracy of the LA‐ICP‐MS protocol employed here was also assessed by repeated analysis of MPI‐DING international glass reference materials ML3B‐G and KL2‐G. Several of the Malaitan ilmenite megacrysts exhibited discrepancies between laser ablation and solution‐mode ICP‐MS analyses, primarily attributed to the presence of a titano‐magnetite exsolution phase (at the grain boundaries), which were incorporated solely in the solution‐mode runs. Element abundances obtained by LA‐ICP‐MS for three of the ilmenite megacrysts (CRN63E, CRN63H and CRN63K) investigated here had RSD (2s) values of < 20% and therefore can be considered as working values for reference purposes during routine LA‐ICP‐MS analyses of ilmenite.     

云南省昭通地区宣威组C_5煤层硫分分布特征

对云南省昭通地区晚二叠世C5煤层硫分和灰分进行测试及资料分析,编制了C5煤层硫分分布等值线图,分析了硫分、灰分分布特征及相关关系等。结果表明：研究区硫分大于1%的硫分赋存状态主要为硫铁矿硫,有机硫次之,硫酸盐硫最少;硫分分布主要受到成煤环境的控制,自西向东逐渐由陆相过渡为滨海相,硫分含量呈逐渐增加的趋势,而灰分分布与硫分呈负相关关系。在研究区中部陆相向滨海相过渡地带的洛旺向斜,硫分与灰分相对适中,是优质煤炭资源的有利勘探开发区。     

Changes to depositional palaeoenvironments within the Qikou depression (Bohaiwan Basin,China): carbon and oxygen isotopes in lacustrine carbonates of the Palaeogene Shahejie Formation

This paper reports the carbon and oxygen isotope compositions of lacustrine carbonate sediments from the Palaeogene Shahejie Formation, Qikou depression, Bohaiwan Basin, with the aim of determining the palaeoenvironmental conditions in the region. Results from Es₂, the second member of the Shahejie Formation, showed values of δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O from –1.2‰ to +2.4‰ (average +0.6‰) and from –6.8‰ to –4.7‰ (average –5.7‰), respectively, suggesting a relatively hot climate attending deposition. The slightly closed nature of the lake, which contains brackish water, resulted in higher carbonate δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values than in a meteoric environment. The values of δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O preserved within the carbonates of the overlying lower Shahejie I (Es₁) varied between +1.3‰ and +4.9‰ (average +3.2‰) and from ?4.4‰ to ?1.8‰ (average ?3.1‰), respectively, indicating that the climate became colder at that time. Subsequently, a marine transgression caused the salinity of the lake water to increase. The values of δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O were controlled by salinity. The high δ¹³C values were also influenced by the rapid burial of the lake organisms and by algal photosynthesis. Values of δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O from carbonates in upper Es₁ ranged from ?8.0‰ to +11.0‰ (average +10.1‰) and from ?5.0‰ to ?1.5‰ (average ?3.4‰), respectively, indicating a slight increase in the temperature over time. In the closed and reducing environment, extremes in δ¹³C values resulted from biochemical fermentation. The positive δ¹³C excursion recorded in the carbonates of the Shahejie Formation in the Qikou depression indicates that the palaeoclimate underwent a significant transformation during the Eocene and the Oligocene.     

中条山涑水杂岩的同位素年代学研究及其地质意义

中条山是中国重要的铜多金属成矿带,拥有著名的晚太古代“变斑岩型”铜矿峪大型铜矿床和元古代“层控型”胡家峪-篦子沟铜矿床,近年来又在中条山西南段的涑水杂岩中发现以变基性火山岩（斜长角闪岩）为容矿岩石的桃花洞铜矿。为了弄清楚该铜矿的形成时代及其成矿地质背景,利用电感耦合等离子质谱（LA-MC-ICP—MS）方法对桃花洞铜矿容矿围岩涑水杂岩中的寨子-西姚灰色片麻岩、斜长角闪岩及二长花岗岩进行了同位素年代学研究。结果表明：寨子-西姚灰色片麻岩、斜长角闪岩脉和二长花岗岩中锆石的岩浆结晶年龄分别为（2625±11）、（2592±16）、（2548±15）Ma;岩石中古老继承性锆石的年龄分别为（2790±15）、（2773±24）、（2782±34）Ma;三种不同成生顺序的岩石中均有大于2700Ma的锆石存在,且年龄相当接近;中条山地区涑水杂岩可能最初形成于太古代。涑水杂岩作为与成矿关系密切的容矿围岩,其成岩时代可以间接指示成矿时代,由此得出赋存在变基性火山岩层中的古火山含矿原岩建造型铜矿有可能是中国最古老的铜矿之一。     

C2/m丁道衡矿-(Ce)的发现与研究

丁道衡矿-(Ce)是在白云鄂博REE-Nb-Fe矿发现的一种新的稀土元素矿物,被视为是真正的珀硅铈钛矿(Perrierite)的同质多象体和硅钛铈矿(Chevkinite)亚族C(1)位上的钛类似物。同时,它还是自然界发现的首例硅钛铈矿亚族具P21/a空间群的天然产物。之后,在攀枝花V-Ti-Fe矿红格矿区找到一种几可全方位同白云鄂博产原型丁道衡矿-(Ce)对比,但空间群为C2/m的丁道衡矿-(Ce)变体,并作了全面、系统的矿物学研究。自此,参照先例,攀枝花产具C2/m空间群的丁道衡矿-(Ce)宜称C2/m丁道衡矿-(Ce);而白云鄂博原型丁道衡矿-(Ce)宜称P21/a丁道衡矿-(Ce)。C2/m丁道衡矿-(Ce)的发现与研究揭示,已有的硅钛铈族矿物何以具有C2/m变体和P21/a变体的成因解释,尚不能圆满诠释2种变体的形成。     

Geochronology,Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Diabase Dyke Swarms in East Tianshan,Xinjiang, NW China

Diabase dyke swarms are widespread in the East Tianshan and Beishan regions. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb ages of these diabase vary from 305 Ma to 278 Ma, showing that these dykes were formed during Late Carboniferous-Early Permian magmatism. All diabase samples are subalkali calc-alkali, characterized by slight LREE and LILEs enrichment, and weak negative Ti, Nb and Ta anomalies. The diabase samples have positive εNd(t) values (>+3), high Sr isotopic compositions (initial 87Sr/86Sr values=0.7030-0.7097), and large variation of Pb isotopic compositions, indicating they were derived from a deplete mantle source. Regional geology and geochemistry evidences indicate that these diabase dyke swarms were generated in a lithosphere extensional setting and had the same magma sources. Initial magmas may be a mixture of depleted asthenosphere mantle and enriched lithospheric mantle during rapid magma ascending.