精彩纷呈 各树一帜——鲁迅、赵树理、高晓声农村题材作品特征评析

鲁迅、赵树理和高晓声都是农村题材创作的代表,然而三大作家的创作都带有明显的时代特点。深入文本,结合作家生活的时代背景和作家的人生经历探究三大作家创作特质及其创作风格的形成,可以让我们更明确地看到时代大环境和个体经历对文学创作的影响。     

东海原甲藻藻华和台湾暖流种源关系的进一步研究

近20 a来,东海近岸海域频繁爆发了大规模的东海原甲藻藻华,造成了该海域生态系统的严重失衡。2013年前的调查研究显示东海原甲藻藻华发源于台湾暖流锋面,随台湾暖流锋面入侵近海而发展扩大,但受调查范围限制未能明确该藻华最早发生位置。本研究往南扩展了调查断面,于2013年春、夏季,在24°N～30°N海域进行了4次大面调查。结果显示东海原甲藻藻华最早发生于台湾海峡北端,且随台湾暖流锋面推进向北及近岸扩展。这不仅再次证实了台湾暖流锋面为东海原甲藻藻华的发生提供种源,而且明确了在东海区域东海原甲藻藻华最初发生的位置。这为该藻华的监控提供了重要的科学依据,为其他类似藻华的发生、发展提供了参考。     

不同尺度DEM的河流裂点提取及其效应分析

以不同尺度DEM数据提取裂点及其效应存在较大差异。本文以1：1万DEM为基础数据,通过小波分析生成多尺度DEM数据。以庐山地区16条河流为例,实现了多尺度DEM数据的河流裂点提取,探讨了河流裂点的变化规律,并构建了裂点个数的尺度预测模型。实验结果表明：(1)采用河道纵剖面与点坡降相结合的方法可快速准确地判断裂点;(2)在庐山地区,1:1万DEM数据可准确判断高差不小于5 m的裂点,对于高差小于5 m的裂点由于DEM表达精度和数据误差,而无法准确判定;(3)DEM尺度对裂点提取影响显著,裂点个数随着DEM分辨率降低逐渐减少,符合幂函数递减规律;(4)通过与ASTER GDEM和SRTM DEM对比验证,本文所构建的裂点个数与DEM尺度的拟合模型具有一定的预测精度。     

庐山云雾及降水的日、季节变化和宏微观物理特征观测研究

庐山云雾观测站2015年重新开始观测试验。利用2015年11月—2018年2月庐山云雾试验站观测的云物理资料和九江站的雷达资料,统计研究了庐山云雾及降水的日、季节变化和宏微观物理特征。结果表明,庐山强降水多发生在夏季,降水强度超过100 mm/h,而云雾天多发生在秋冬春季,最高云和雾天数达25 d/月,最低能见度仅20 m,东北风有利于水汽的冷却凝结。云雾辐射影响下的日最低温度出现在09时前后,即云雾消散前。利用雷达资料对降水分类,庐山秋冬季层状云、积层混合云和对流云降水分别占29%、44%和27%,春夏季的对流云和积层混合云降水分别占83%和17%。与城市降水和雾相比,庐山降水的中、小雨滴多,云雾滴谱的数浓度较低,双峰结构显著,且谱较宽。随着云内降水量级的增大,雨滴的数浓度和尺度不断增加,更易于启动碰并机制,使小于11 μm和大于30 μm云雾滴减少,导致11 μm的峰值更为显著。降雪期间的小云雾滴较为丰富,固态降水更容易通过凇附过程消耗大的过冷云滴。      

Magmatic and hydrothermal zircon growth during multiple orogenic cycles in an evolving mantle wedge

The Hongseong area of the Hongseong-Imjingang Belt in the central-western Korean Peninsula forms part of a subduction-collision system that is correlated with the Qinling-Dabie-Sulu Belt in China. Several serpentinized ultramafic bodies carrying blocks of metamorphosed mafic rocks occur in this area. Here we investigate zircon grains in serpentinites from Bibong(BB) and Wonnojeon(WNJ), and high-pressure(HP) mafic granulite from Baekdong(BD) localities based on U-Pb, REE and Lu-Hf analyses. The zircons from BD HP mafic granulite show distinct age peaks at 838 Ma, 617 Ma and 410 Ma, with minor peaks at1867 Ma, 1326 Ma and 167 Ma. The Neoproterozoic age peaks in these rocks as well as in the serpentinites suggest subduction-related melt-fluid interaction in the mantle wedge at this time. The older zircon grains ranging in age from the Early to Middle Paleoproterozoic might represent detrital grains from the basement rocks transferred to the wedge mantle through sediment subduction. The BD HP mafic granulite shows a Middle Paleozoic age peak(Devonian; 410 Ma). The 242-245 Ma age peaks in the compiled age data of zircon grains serpentinites from BB and WNJ correspond to a major Triassic event that further added melts and fluids into the ancient mantle wedge to crystallize new zircons. In the chondrite normalized rare earth element diagram, the magmatic zircon grains from the studied rocks show LREE depletion and HREE enrichment with sharply negative Eu and Pr anomalies and positive Ce and Sm anomalies. The REE patterns of hydrothermal zircons show LREE enrichment, and relatively flat patterns with negative Eu anomaly. Zircon Hf signature from the WNJ serpentinite show negative εHf(t)(-18.5 and-23.5) values indicating an enriched mantle source with TDM in the range of 1614 Ma and1862 Ma. Zircons from the BD HP mafic granulite also show slightly negative εHf(t)(average-4.3) and TDM in the range of 1365-1935 Ma. Our study provides evidence for multiple zircon growth in an evolving mantle wedge that witnessed melt and fluid interaction during different orogenic cycles.     

Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of early Paleozoic granitoids in East Kunlun belt: Evidences from geochronology,geochemistry and isotopes

The East Kunlun Orogenic Belt(EKOB) provides an important link to reconstruct the evolution of the Proto-Tethys and Paleo-Tethys realm. The EKOB is marked by widespread Early Paleozoic magmatism.Here we report the petrology, bulk geochemistry, zircon Ue Pb dating and, Lue Hf and SreN d isotopic data of the Early Paleozoic granitic rocks in Zhiyu area of the southern EKOB. Based on the zircon U-Pb dating, these granitoids, consisting of diorite, granodiorite and monzogranite, were formed during 450 -430 Ma the Late Ordovician to Middle Silurian. The diorite and granodiorite are high Sr/Y ratio as adakitic affinities, and the monzogranite belongs to highly fractionated I-type. Their(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)ivalues range from 0.7059 to 0.7085, εNd(t) values from -1.6 to -6.0 and the zircon εHf(t) values show large variations from +9.1 to -8.6 with Hf model ages(T_(DM2)) about 848 Ma and 1970 Ma. The large variations of whole-rock Nd and zircon Hf isotopes demonstrate strong isotopic heterogeneity of the source regions which probably resulted from multi-phase underplating of mantle-derived magmas. Geochemical and isotopic studies proved that the diorite and granodiorite had been derived from partial melting of heterogeneous crustal source with variable contributions from ancient continental crust and juvenile components, and the monzogranites were representing fractional crystallization and crustal contamination for arc magma. The Early Paleozoic adakitic rocks and high-K calc-alkaline granitoids in the southern EKOB were likely emplaced in a continental marginal arc setting possibly linked to the southwards subduction of the Paleo Kunlun Ocean and the magma generation is linked to partial melting of thickened continental crust induced by underplating of mantle-derived magmas.     

Rock Deformation, Component Migration and ^18O/^16O Variations during Mylonitization in the Southern Tan-Lu Fault Belt

This paper discusses the relationship between the volume loss, fluid flow and component variations in the ductile shear zone of the southern Tan-Lu fault belt. The results show that there is a large amount of fluids flowing through the shear zone during mylonitization, accompanied with the loss of volume of rocks and variations of elements and oxygen isotopes. The calculated temperature for mylonitization in different mylonites ranges from 446 to 484℃, corresponding to that of 475 to 500℃ for the wall rocks. The condition of differential stress during mylonization has been obtained between 99 and 210 MPa, whereas the differential stress in the wall rock gneiss is 70-78 MPa. The mylonites are enriched by factors of 1.32-1.87 in elements such as TiO2, P2O5, MnO, Y, Zr and V and depleted in SiO2, Na2O, K2O, Al203, Sr, Rb and light REEs compared to their protolith gneiss. The immobile element enrichments are attributed to enrichments in residual phases such as ilmentite, zircon, apatite and epidote in mylonites and are interpreted as due to volume losses from 15% to 60% in the ductile shear zone. The largest amount of SiO2 loss is 35.76 g/100 g in the ductile shear zone, which shows the fluid infiltration. Modeling calculated results of the fluid/rock ratio for the ductile shear zone range from 196 to 1192 by assuming different degrees of fluid saturation. Oxygen isotope changes of quartz and feldspar and the calculated fluid are corresponding to the variations of differential flow stress in the ductile shear zone. With increasing differential flow stress, the mylonites show a slight decrease of δ^18O in quartz, K-feldspar and fluid.     

卢耀如院士的岩溶(喀斯特)学术研究与贡献

上世纪五十年代以来,中国工程院卢耀如院士把毕生的精力奉献在岩溶地质事业上。他对岩溶发育的规律及溶蚀机理进行了较系统的研究,特别是对碳酸盐岩与硫酸盐岩复合岩溶作用机理进行了详细的研究;他潜心研究岩溶地区的水文、工程与环境地质问题,参加了一系列水利水电工程的勘测研究,涉及长江、黄河、珠江、淮河等许多流域,包括三峡、乌江渡、新安江等百多座水利枢纽;他指导有关交通、城镇、矿山等建设的工程地质与环境地质勘测研究;他提出多种水动力条件、三相流的作用机理与混合溶蚀作用等问题;他提出地质—生态环境的新概念,提出喀斯特地区石漠化问题的概念并进行开拓性的研究探索,积极开展岩溶地区的地质灾害防治工作,建立了一套有关岩溶发育与工程效应的理论,为岩溶地区的开发及灾害防治做出了杰出的贡献。      

Precise and Accurate Determination of Lu and Hf Contents,and Hf Isotopic Compositions in Chinese Rock Reference Materials by MC‐ICP‐MS

In this contribution, we report Hf isotopic data and Lu and Hf mass fractions for thirteen Chinese rock reference materials (GBW07 103–105, 109–113 and 121–125, that is GSR 1–3, 7–11 and 14–18, respectively) that span a broad compositional range. Powdered samples were spiked with a ¹⁷⁶Lu‐¹⁸⁰Hf enriched tracer and completely digested using conventional HF, HNO₃ and HClO₄ acid dissolution protocols. Fluoride salts were dissolved during a final H₃BO₃ digestion, and chemical purification was performed using a single Ln resin. All measurements were carried out on a MC‐ICP‐MS. This work provides the first comprehensive report of the Lu‐Hf isotopic composition of Chinese geochemical rock reference materials, and results indicate that they are of comparable quality to the well‐characterised and widely used USGS and GSJ rock reference materials.     

Lithogeochemical,Re–Os and U–Pb Geochronological,Hf–Lu and S–Pb Isotope Data of the Ga'erqiong‐Galale Cu–Au Ore‐Concentrated Area: Evidence for the Late Cretaceous Magmatism and Metallogenic Event in the Bangong‐Nujiang Suture Zone,Northwestern Tibet,China

The Ga'erqiong‐Galale skarn–porphyry copper–gold ore‐concentrated area is located in the western part of the Bangong‐Nujiang suture zone north of the Lhasa Terrane. This paper conducted a systematic study on the magmatism and metallogenic effect in the ore‐concentrated area using techniques of isotopic geochronology, isotopic geochemistry and lithogeochemistry. According to the results, the crystallization age of quartz diorite (ore‐forming mother rock) in the Ga'erqiong deposit is 87.1 ± 0.4 Ma, which is later than the age of granodiorite (ore‐forming mother rock) in the Galale deposit (88.1 ± 1.0 Ma). The crystallization age of granite porphyry (GE granite porphyry) in the Ga'erqiong deposit is 83.2 ± 0.7 Ma, which is later than the age of granite porphyry (GL granite porphyry) in the Galale deposit (84.7 ± 0.8 Ma).The quartz diorite, granodiorite, GE granite porphyry and GL granite porphyry both main shows positive ε_Hf(t) values, suggesting that the magmatic source of the main intrusions in the ore‐concentrated area has the characteristics of mantle source region. The Re–Os isochron age of molybdenite in the Ga'erqiong district is 86.9 ± 0.5 Ma, which is later than the mineralization age of the Galale district (88.6 ± 0.6 Ma). The main intrusive rocks in the ore‐concentrated area have similar lithogeochemical characteristics, for they both show the relative enrichment in large‐ion lithophile elements(LILE: Rb, Ba, K, etc.), more mobile highly incompatible lithophile elements(HILE: U, Th) and relatively depleted in high field strength elements (HFSE: Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, etc.), and show the characteristics of magmatic arc. The studies on the metal sulfides' S and Pb isotopes and Re content of molybdenite indicate that the metallogenic materials of the deposits in the ore‐concentrated area mainly come from the mantle source with minor crustal source contamination. Based on the regional tectonic evolution process, this paper points out that the Ga'erqiong‐Galale copper–gold ore‐concentrated area is the typical product of the Late Cretaceous magmatism and metallogenic event in the collision stage of the Bangong‐Nujiang suture zone.