ZResponse to selection, heritability and genetic correlations between body weight and body size in Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

To quantify the response to selection,heritability and genetic correlations between weight and size of Litopenaeus vannamei,the body weight (BW),total length (TL),body length (BL),first abdominal segment depth (FASD),third abdominal segment depth (TASD),first abdominal segment width (FASW),and partial carapace length (PCL) of 5-month-old parents and of offspring were measured by calculating seven body measurings of offspring produced by a nested mating design.Seventeen half-sib families and 42 full-sib families ofL.vannamei were produced using artificial fertilization from 2-4 dams by each sire,and measured at around five months post-metamorphosis.The results show that heritabilities among various traits were high:0.515士0.030 for body weight and 0.394士0.030 for total length.After one generation of selection,the selection response was 10.70% for offspring growth.In the 5"’ month,the realized heritability for weight was 0.296 for the offspring generation.Genetic correlations between body weight and body size were highly variable.The results indicate that external morphological parameters can be applied during breeder selection for enhancing the growth without sacrificing animals for determining the body size and breed ability;and selective breeding can be improved significantly,simultaneously with increased production.     

Effects of rapid temperature changes on HK,PK and HSP70 of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Litopenaeus vannamei</Emphasis> in different seasons

Activities of hexokinase(HK), pyrnvate kinase(PK)and levels of HSPT0 were measured to evaluate the response of Litopenaeus vannamei to rapid temperature changes under controlled laboratory conditions. Shrimps were subjected to a quick temperature change from 27℃ to 17℃ for the summer case(Cold temperature treatment), or from 17℃ to 27℃ for the winter case(Warm temperature treatment). After 0. 5, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h of exposure time, shrimps were sampled and prepared for further analysis. The results showed that the effect of acute temperature changes on activities of HK was significant. Patterns of variations of the two glycolytic enzymes suggested that enzymes in the glycolysis cycle could adjust their activities to meet the acute temperature change. The HSP70 level increased in both cold and warm temperature treatments, suggesting that the rapid temperature changes activated the process of body's self-protection. But the difference in expression peak of HSP70 might be related to the different body size and the higher thermal sensitivity to temperature increase than to temperature decrease of L. Vannamei.     

水温对南美白对虾肠道菌群影响的研究

在不同温度下 ,对南美白对虾 (Penaeusvannamei)肠道乳酸杆菌(Lactobacillussp.)、双歧杆菌(Bifidobactsp.)、大肠杆菌(Escherichiacoli)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcusaureus)、副溶血性弧菌(Vibrioparahaemolyticus)、产气荚膜梭菌产气荚膜梭菌(Clostridiumperfringens)、厌氧菌总数和好氧菌总数进行了定性定量分析。结果表明 ,大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、副溶血性弧菌、产气荚膜梭菌为过路菌群 ;乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌为常住菌群。厌氧菌总数、双歧杆菌随水温升高显著增加 (Ftest,P<0.01) ;好氧菌总数、乳酸杆菌随水温升高变化不显著(Ftest,P>0.05)。肠道中厌氧菌总数比好氧菌多(ttest,P<0.05) ,且随着水温升高 ,厌氧菌的优势越明显。     

维生素C和免疫多糖对凡纳滨对虾生长、饲料利用和虾体主要成分的影响

为研究维生素C(Vc)和免疫多糖对凡纳滨对虾(LitopenaeusvannameiBoone)生长、饲料利用和虾体主要成分的影响进行了为期8周 的生长实验。采用2因素实验设计 ,其中Vc设2个水平(0,120mg/kg饲料) ,免疫多糖为3个水平(0,1 ,2g/kg饲料)。结果表明 ,饲料中不添加Vc时 ,体质量增长随着饲料中免疫多糖添加浓度的提高而显著提高(P<0.05) ;而当饲料中Vc浓度增加到120mg/kg饲料 ,体质量增长并不随免疫多糖浓度的提高而显著上升(P>0.05) ;饲料中添加Vc的各组体质量增长显著高于未添加Vc组(P<0.05)。饲料中添加免疫多糖能显著降低凡纳滨对虾的饲料系数(P<0.05) ,提高对虾的蛋白质效率(P<0.05) ;对对虾体主要组成成分的分析表明 ,对虾体蛋白质和脂肪含量受免疫多糖和Vc添加的影响显著     

凡纳滨对虾G蛋白Gαq基因的克隆和功能鉴定

为了寻找并克隆凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)G蛋白α亚基,为研究对虾的生理调控提供理论基础,通过简并PCR和RACE反应获得目的基因的全长cDNA序列;用Blast, DNAstar和Genedoc软件对所得序列进行分析,确定所得序列为凡纳滨对虾G蛋白Gαq基因,命名为pvGαq.将该基因的编码序列克隆到表达载体,通过免疫共沉淀实验和胞内Ca2 , IP3浓度的测定鉴定该Gαq亚基的功能,发现该亚基的序列和功能与其他Gαq家族成员具有高度保守性.用Western blotting分析发现pvGαq在对虾身体各部位存在普遍分布,尤其在脑神经、眼柄、腮和颚片中有大量表达,在嗅觉器官触角也有适量分布.说明了pvGαq在对虾生命活动中的重要性,为研究对虾的生理调控奠定了理论基础.     

对虾、青蛤和江蓠三元混养效益的实验研究

通过海水陆基围隔实验,研究了凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)与青蛤(Cyclina senensis)、菊花心江蓠(Gracilaria lichevoides)投饵混养的适宜配比、经济效益和生态效益。实验结束时对虾的体重、成活率和净产量分别为5.30~6.12g,62.96%~78.21%和1 065.0~1 367.6kg.hm-2。青蛤体重和净产量分别为6.85~7.15g,和51~328kg.hm-2。菊花心江蓠净产量为3 900~9 380kg.hm-2。混养系统的经济效益和生态效益均优于对虾单养。在本实验条件下,混养系统的最佳结构为凡纳滨对虾30ind.m-2,青蛤30ind.m-2,菊花心江蓠200g.m-2;其N,P绝对利用率分别为52.94%和26.09%。     

欧开牌微粒饲料对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)幼体培育和水质的影响

将欧开牌微粒饲料分别以70%、80%、90%和100%的比例与卤虫活饵料搭配来培育凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)幼体,通过对各育苗池水中氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的检测,结果发现:在整个育苗期间,NH3-Nt、NH3-Nm、NO2--N的含量呈上升的趋势,但各期的浓度均低于安全浓度。其中以80%欧开牌微粒饲料和20%卤虫配合使用的育苗效果最好,各项出苗指标均明显高于只投喂天然饵料的对照组(P<0.05)。     

去眼柄对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)稚虾耗氧率昼夜节律的影响

采用流水装置测定去眼柄对凡纳滨对虾稚虾 (Litopenaeusvannamei)耗氧率昼夜节律的影响。实验水温为 2 5℃± 0 .5℃ ,实验虾规格为 (2 .2 6 6± 0 .0 13) g。实验结果表明 :1、去眼柄对凡纳滨对虾稚虾耗氧率的高峰和低峰发生的时间产生影响。正常组对虾耗氧率的高峰多发生在夜间 ,低峰多发生在日间 ;去眼柄后 ,对虾耗氧率的高峰和低峰则大都发生在日间 ;2、去眼柄对虾的日间和夜间的平均耗氧率差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,而正常对虾夜间平均耗氧率显著高于日间 34.79% (P <0 .0 5 ) ;3、去眼柄对对虾的平均耗氧率未产生显著的影响(P >0 .0 5 )。     

凡纳滨对虾桃拉综合征病毒主要结构蛋白基因的克隆及原核表达

根据GenBank中桃拉病毒的全基因组序列,分别设计扩增该病毒主要结构蛋白基因vp1、vp2、vp3的相应引物,以发病的凡纳滨对虾中提取的总RNA为模板,利用RT-PCR技术对目的基因进行了扩增,分别获得分子量为1 164、849、507bp的基因片段,与预期一致.再将目的基因与pET-28a载体连接,分别构建重组表达载体pET-VP1、pET-VP2和pET-VP3,重组子经酶切和测序鉴定后导入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达后进行SDS-PAGE检测.SDS-PAGE电泳的结果表明,在37℃下,0.5mmol/dm3的IPTG诱导表达的重组蛋白均以包涵体的形式存在,重组蛋白VP1、VP2、VP3的大小分别为48、36、24KDa.本研究的结果为制备桃拉病毒主要结构蛋白的特异性抗体,进而研制桃拉病毒快速检测试剂盒奠定了基础.