Theories of practices: Agency, technology, and culture : Exploring the relevance of practice theories for the governance of sustainable consumption practices in the new world-order

Within the environmental social sciences, theories of practices are used by an increasing number of authors to analyze the greening of consumption in the new, global order of reflexive modernity. The use of practices as key methodological units for research and governance is suggested as a way to avoid the pitfalls of the individualist and systemic paradigms that dominated the field of sustainable consumption studies for some decades. With the help of practice theory, environmental governance can be renewed in three particular ways: First, the role and responsibilities (not) to be assigned to individual citizen-consumers in environmental change can be specified. Secondly, objects, technologies and infrastructures can be recognized for their crucial contribution to climate governance without lapsing into technological determinism. Third, the cultural framing of sustainability can be enriched by looking into the forms of excitement generated in shared practices of sustainable consumption. We conclude by discussing the need to investigate the globalization of practices from a post-national perspective in both science and policy.     

历史地理视角下海上丝绸之路在岭南的区域效应

海上丝绸之路作为一种跨地域的地理现象,涉及到物资、商品、技术、文化、移民等要素的时空流动以及在岭南的区域影响。基于历史文献资料分析,以历史地理视角,探讨海上丝绸之路在岭南所产生的区域效应。研究表明,海上丝绸之路使岭南及其江河、海陆交互处的地域具有明显的地理边缘效应,对外贸易及其伴生的诸要素的溢出、汇融和交流,带来岭南区域地理空间结构、功能的变化,以及在土地利用、经济地理、聚落地理和社会文化地理等方面的区域效应。结合当下“一带一路”国家战略的提出,以史为鉴,对指导“21世纪海上丝绸之路”在岭南的实践具有一定的现实意义。     

Fforest Fawr Geopark—a UNESCO Global Geopark distinguished by its geological,industrial and cultural heritage

The creation of the European Geoparks Network in 2000 was followed by the establishment of the Global Geoparks Network in 2004, incorporating the European Geoparks Network. On November 17, 2015, UNESCO sanctioned the creation of a new designation, the UNESCO Global Geoparks, as part of UNESCO’s new International Geoscience and Geoparks Programme (IGGP). This is the first initiative of its kind to be established by UNESCO for 40 years and is the result of effective networking among geoparks and their partners aiming to achieve significant progress in geo-conservation, geotourism, environmental education and sustainable local development.Geoparks are located primarily in rural areas which are both remote and underdeveloped or which have experienced economic decline. In order to become a UNESCO Global Geopark, a geopark must demonstrate that it has a significant geological heritage, has well defined boundaries and is large enough to support a sustainable strategy for economic development based upon that heritage. In addition to its geology, a geopark should also make use of sites of archaeological, ecological, historical or cultural significance as these are often linked to the underlying geology. The ultimate objective of a UNESCO Global Geopark is to use the designation as a vehicle to engage communities in protecting these assets in ways which contribute to the economic development of their territory.The Fforest Fawr Geopark, the first geopark in Wales, became a member of the European and Global Geoparks Networks in 2005 and a UNESCO Global Geopark in 2015. The geopark was established in the western area of the Brecon Beacons National Park because that area has a strong identity in terms of its geology and Welsh industrial and cultural heritage. In addition, while the eastern area of the National Park was a more popular tourist destination, the area designated as the geopark was less well known, more remote in character, and economically less prosperous.The geopark’s approximately 480 million year geological heritage provides a resource for developing geotourism and for educational activities. Nearly 11,500 years of human activity created a cultural landscape in which ancient monuments contrast with the relicts of industrial activity. With the coming of the Industrial Revolution the geological resources of Fforest Fawr were systematically exploited for over 200 years to supply South Wales’s expanding metal industry. During this time mining, quarrying and brick making contributed to wealth creation and South Wales was a major player in the new industrial age which changed the world. The area of Fforest Fawr Geopark, with its close association to the South Wales Coalfield played a significant role in global industrial history.In addition, the rich culture of the geopark’s early inhabitants comes to life in myths and legends and some of Europe’s oldest stories and myths are associated with the area of Fforest Fawr Geopark.     

Geography Current

Abstract

Broadening the intercultural awareness and international outlook of undergraduate students is best achieved through active rather than passive learning. The international student interview provides an excellent strategy for such active learning in introductory human geography classes. It allows American-born students to enter into a dialogue with students from other countries and learn about their cultures while simultaneously reexamining their own society and cultural frames of reference. The exercise also provides instructors with an opportunity to discuss the ethics and social practices associated with interviewing. Feedback from University of Georgia students completing this assignment underscored these benefits and provided suggestions for refinement of the exercise.     

培养条件对破囊壶菌生长及其产DHA的影响

探讨了培养温度、pH、光照、种龄、接种量以及培养时间等培养条件对破囊壶菌ThraustochytriumroseumMF2生长及其产DHA的影响。结果表明 ,T roseumMF2生长及其产DHA的适宜条件为 :培养温度 2 5℃、初始pH值 6～ 7、种龄 4 8h、接种量 4 %、培养时间 4d ,生物量达到 1 0 4g L ,DHA产量达到1 2 6 6mg L。     

基于扩展CA的文化传播时空模拟研究

文化传播影响因素复杂，具有空间上的相邻、不相邻、选择、随机等扩散形式和时间上的遗传特征，其时空模拟必须借助复杂系统研究方法。元胞自动机模型（CA）与GIS集成在地理过程模拟方面具有很大的优势。文中在分析元胞空间关系和元胞邻居描述的基础上，提出元胞邻居存在几何间上的邻接形式和空间上不邻接但属性上相关的邻居形式。据此，通过对文化革新扩散的实质、空间形式、影响因素等分析，对立了基于邻居扩展CA的文化传播系统模型，并利用该模型对文化传播现象进行了实验研究，取得了比较满意的实验结果。     

"三驾马车"拉动邯郸旅游发展--邯郸市旅游发展战略调整研究

邯郸具有光辉灿烂的历史文化、适宜的气候与自然社会环境。遵循“一方景观吸引一方游人”的理念，应该挖掘更多旅游资源，在深度与力度上进行系统调整。必须冲破以往“赵文化”朦胧圈的羁绊，扭转主次颠倒的开发，改变现代城市园林化倾向，以“赵文化”为龙头组成系列开发产品，搞好综合性服务建设。该文提出“三驾马车”（赵王城—中华典故之都、山地生态旅游与红色旅游三大系统工程）拉动邯郸旅游发展的思路，指出邯郸市旅游开发存在的主要问题。     

上海青浦福泉山遗址出土石器的岩石类型与特征

青浦县福泉山古文化遗址,经本市考古工作者的多年发掘,从崧泽文化与良渚文化墓葬群中出土了一批石制生产工具和礼器,其中包括斧、钺、(石奔)、凿,矢、刀、铲、镰刀、三角形大刀、锥形器及砺石(磨刀石)等共计10余种。这批工具主要由变质岩类与岩浆岩类岩石磨制而成。选用石料质地坚硬,加工精美,说明5000年前的上海先民,已具有颇高的智慧与创造力。     

Environmental changes and the Migration Period in northern Germany as reflected in the sediments of Lake Dudinghausen

Paleolimnological techniques were used to identify environmental changes in and around Lake Dudinghausen (northern Germany) over the past 4800 yr. Diatom-inferred total phosphorus (DI-TP) changes identify four phases of high nutrient levels (2600-2200 BC, 1050-700 BC, 500 BC-AD 100 and AD 1850-1970). During these high DI-TP phases, fossil pollen, sediment geochemistry and archaeological records indicate human activities in the lake catchment. Although the same paleo-indicators suggest increased human settlement and agriculture activity during the late Slavonic Age, the Medieval Time and the Modern Time (AD 1000-1850), DI-TP levels were low during this period. In the sediments, iron and total phosphorus were high from ∼AD 100 to 1850, likely due to increased inflow of iron-rich groundwater into the lake. Increased iron input would have lead to a simultaneous binding and precipitation of phosphate in the upper sediment and overlying water column. As a result, anthropogenic impact on Lake Dudinghausen was masked by these phosphorus-controlling processes from AD 1000 to 1850 and was not evident by means of DI-TP. In accordance with fossil pollen, sediment geochemistry and limited archaeological records, DI-TP levels were low from AD 100-1000. Groundwater levels likely rose during this period as the climate gradually changed toward colder and/or moister conditions. Such climate change likely led to reduced settlement activities and forest regeneration in the catchment area. Our results are concordant with similar studies from central Europe which indicate rapid decreasing settlement activities from AD 100 to 1000.     

山东日照两城镇龙山文化(4600~4000aB.P.)遗址出土木材的古气候意义

通过分析考古遗址中出土木材样品的树种,能够获得龙山文化前时期区域气候与植被环境的信息。文章采用体视显微镜和扫描电子显微镜,对山东日照两城镇遗址出土的部分木材样品进行树种鉴定。分析与研究的结果表明:龙山文化前期,两城镇聚落周围生长着麻栎、辽东桤木、杜梨和刚竹等树种,反映了比现在温暖湿润的气候状况,龙山文化的繁荣发展,可能与这种适宜的气候环境有关。研究结果还标志着,在我国东部地区,利用考古遗址中出土的木材等植物遗存,研究全新世时期高分辨率的气候演化过程及其与人类文化的关系,具有广泛的学术前景。