Analysis of single and tandem cylinder data using an orthogonal Volterra model approach

The development of a definitive predictive model that accurately accounts for the nonlinear hydrodynamics and structural response behavior observed in arrays of closely spaced risers on deep water structures will require a more detailed understanding of this fluid–structure interaction. Through the analysis and interpretation of data from model basin tests on single and paired tandem cylinder configurations this study is directed at uncovering the nature of some aspects of this nonlinear response behavior using an orthogonal third-order Volterra technique that can delineate between linear, quadratic and cubic nonlinear frequency dependent behavior. As part of the analysis procedure the data was organized in input–output pairs that would provide logical groupings of the measured quantities. The data pairs presented in this study include wave excitation and inline cylinder displacement, wave excitation and transverse cylinder displacement, wave excitation and inline reaction force, and, upstream cylinder and downstream cylinder response. This information is presented in terms of spectral and coherence plots. The single cylinder data is presented as a means to contrast the behavior of the tandem cylinders. Both configurations were analyzed at two different pretensions adding another dimension to this investigation. It is shown that although a primary variable such as displacement may be more easily measured, pretension and force measurements provide an important key to our understanding of this difficult problem.     

Prediction of geometrical properties of perfect breaking waves on composite breakwaters

Breaking wave loads on coastal structures depend primarily on the type of wave breaking at the instant of impact. When a wave breaks on a vertical wall with an almost vertical front face called the “perfect breaking”, the greatest impact forces are produced. The correct prediction of impact forces from perfect breaking of waves on seawalls and breakwaters is closely dependent on the accurate determination of their configurations at breaking. The present study is concerned with the determination of the geometrical properties of perfect breaking waves on composite-type breakwaters by employing artificial neural networks. Using a set of laboratory data, the breaker crest height, h_b, breaker height, H_b, and water depth in front of the wall, d_w, from perfect breaking of waves on composite breakwaters are predicted using the artificial neural network technique and the results are compared with those obtained from linear and multi-linear regression models. The comparisons of the predicted results from the present models with measured data show that the h_b, H_b and d_w values, which represent the geometry of waves breaking directly on composite breakwaters, can be predicted more accurately by artificial neural networks compared to linear and multi-linear regressions.     

基于核函数主分量的维纳滤波方法研究

针对强随机噪声地震资料背景下经典维纳滤波方法在信号的保幅及高维数据空间求解过程中产生病态矩阵的问题,提出利用核函数主分量维纳滤波压制强地震勘探随机噪声.首先利用线性核函数将地震信号映射到特征空间,再通过主分量分析方法提取地震数据主分量进行数据降维,并得到核主分量维纳滤波因子,从而进行核主分量维纳滤波（K-WPC）.正演仿真及对实际地震资料处理表明,该方法对随机噪声有较好的压制作用,保幅效果也令人满意.     

Regionality in Norwegian farmland abandonment: Inferences from production data

Economic subsidies continue to be in focus as potentially important drivers of agricultural change. Their exact functioning as drivers in very complex systems are not all that well analysed or documented however, and their effect e.g. in terms of environmental output are currently being questioned. In the work reported here, we focus on how the regionality of the farming system may influence the potential effect of agricultural subsidies, also in terms of farmland abandonment. We do this through using multiple linear regressions (MLR) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) on the Norwegian database on agricultural production data, combined with farm location data. Our findings demonstrate how the outcome of certain support systems may differ between regions, and how a region may dominate national statistic. We conclude that as subsidies continue to be a key tool in achieving agricultural policy aims, we need a better understanding of how the subsidy systems work. To understand the impact of a change in subsidy it is necessary to consider the local context in which it operates, e.g. demographics, bio-physical resources and feasibility of land rental. Spatial data and techniques such as spatial MLR and GWR are increasingly accessible to policy makers and should be used to provide insight into the local impacts of current policy. However this understanding must also emphasize farmer motivation and decision making and these investigations must be regionally based.     

塔克拉玛干沙漠中部地区线形沙丘表面动力学过程

通过野外观测与室内风洞实验模拟,结合研究区气象资料统计分析,研究了塔克拉玛干沙漠中部地区线形沙丘表面动力学过程。结果表明,塔克拉玛干沙漠中部地区的线形沙丘与主风向的夹角为１２．５°,与年合成输沙方向（ＲＤＤ）的夹角为４．８°。年合成风向与主风向一致,但风向变率较大。风洞模拟实验揭示,当风向与线形沙丘的夹角较小时,沙丘背风侧均有旁侧气流存在,且随夹角增大而减弱。气流与输沙势分解结果显示,由于平行于沙丘的输沙分量显著大于垂直于沙丘的输沙分量,使线形沙丘纵向移动较快,约为１０ｍ·ａ－１。整体侧向移动不明显,但因风向变率较大,沙丘基座以上局部侧向移动频繁;平行于沙丘的气流分量大于垂直于沙丘的分量,加上背风侧旁侧气流盛行,使沙粒的总体运动方向平行于沙丘的走向方向,从而使线形沙丘在快速纵向移动的过程中保持形态基本不变。     

Upgrading of some instrumentation devoted to increase space radiation environment understanding

Three methods permitting to characterize space and onboard spacecraft radiation environment have been developed and/or upgraded in our laboratories: MDU equipment with a semiconductor detector as sensitive element devoted to register energy deposition spectra in the Si-diode; a spectrometer of the linear energy transfer (LET) based on chemically etched polyallyldiglycolcarbonate (PADC) track etch detectors (TED); and thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs) with different dependences of relative TL yield on the LET of particles transferring their energy in them.We have used all these types of dosimetry equipments onboard spacecrafts since several years and succeeded to treat directly read data in terms of both quantitative and qualitative dosimetry characteristics and deduce from them related radiation risk.During last few years all these three types of detectors have been intensely studied to understand still better their possibilities to characterize space radiation fields. Particularly:

1.

Both PADC TED LET spectrometer and TLDs have been exposed in heavier ion beams with LET in water ranging from 1 to about 700 keV/μm with the goal to upgrade their calibration curves;

2.

A new method of MDU directly read data has been developed, permitting to measure not only dose in Si-detector, but also to estimate radiation protection quantities and the neutron contribution to the onboard exposure level;

3.

All three methods have been tested onboard spacecrafts during several missions.

Contribution presents, analyses and discusses the results obtained in items 1-3 and, also, the possibilities of these detectors to help in characterizing radiation fields during longer space missions, above 1 year.     

基于周期谱分析的线性合成概率预测方法在山东地区的应用

以基于周期谱分析基础上的线性合成概率预测方法,对山东内陆主体及其邻近的南黄海、冀鲁豫交界等地区中强以上和中等地震进行了试验性分析研究.结果表明,最初以新疆地区7级以上地震为例研究的强震预测方法,用于山东及其邻近区域的中强以上和中等地震也有较好的检验效果.对各分区的回顾性检验结果表明,方法的R值评分一般在0.6以上,最低为0.5.最后依据展望性预测结果对山东内陆主体区、冀鲁豫交界和南黄海地区未来几年的地震趋势做了初步估计.     

海洋中液-固界面作用的分形研究 Ⅱ.混合交换剂表面分维的加和性规律和非加和性规律研究

用SAXS方法验证了海洋化学液-固界面研究中一些混合交换剂体系的分维分别具有加和性和非加性规律。实验测得:针铁矿/蒙脱石、水锰矿/无定形氧化铁、δ-MnO_2/针铁矿、δ-MnO_2/无定形氧化铁等混合交换剂体系的表面分维对混合百分率具有线性加和性;而高岭石/无定形氧化铁、无定形氧化铁/蒙脱石、δ-MnO_2/蒙脱石、δ-MnO_2/氧化铁凝胶等混和交换剂具有非线性加和性。上述诸体系在海水介质中平衡一年后,SAXS测定的表面分维皆具有非线性加和性,或非线的程度有所增加。     

The effect of dispersion on the stability of density-driven flows in saturated homogeneous porous media

This work is a continuation of Musuuza et al. [37] in which a stability criterion for density-driven flow in a saturated homogeneous medium was derived. The criterion predicted the stability of a system as a function of the density and viscosity contrasts, the magnitude of the flow velocity and the concentration gradients for flow aligned orthogonal to gravity. It could not accurately predict stability transition with increasing velocity, a failure we attributed to dispersion effects that were not included. Small-scale dispersion and molecular diffusion, the main stabilising mechanisms in homogeneous media can stabilise flow if the instability wavelengths are below a certain cutoff. The width of the mixing zone is also central in controlling the range of wavelengths that persist into fingers. We propose a method of quantifying the cutoff wavelength and the width of the mixing zone, which are incorporated into the earlier criterion as constituents of the dispersive part. The earlier criterion is reformulated in terms of the Rayleigh number and with the dispersive part added, we attempt to predict the number of fingers formed which is directly related to the physical stability of the system. The inclusion of the Rayleigh number and dispersion into a single stability criterion provides new insight in the way dispersion affects vertical flow systems. Stability numbers computed with the new criterion are in reasonable agreement with numerical simulations for a range of physical variables. The numerical computations are performed with the software package d³f, which uses the cell-centred finite volume and the implicit Euler methods for the spatial and temporal discretisations, respectively. The admission of the density and dispersivities as inputs into the criterion makes it usable in practical problems.     

测量数据诊断中统计量的商讨

详细推导了加权线性回归诊断中ｈｕ的统计分布，针对Ｇ－Ｍ模型与线性回归模型的差异，指出测量数据处理中，使用的统计量ｈｕ的不合理性，给出了适于测量数据诊断的公式，并以数字实例加以分析和说明。