信息时代地图集编制特征综述

随着计算机技术的发展,地图集的编制也发生了很大的变化.本文主要从地图集的表示内容、成图方法、资料情况、地图符号、地图整饰5个方面来阐述地图集编制的新特征.对近几年来国家、各省市地图集的编制情况作以概括.     

石狮市地下管线数据采集与建库

地下管线是城市生存发展的命脉,准确掌握地下各种管线的状况,是搞好城市建设和规划管理工作的基础。本文根据石狮市城市规划建设现状,探讨地下管线普查和采集的方法,提出建立地下管线信息系统等有关问题。     

开发利用好水利信息资源为水利信息化打下坚实基础

信息资源是行业最重要的资源之一。开发利用信息资源既是行业信息化的出发点,又是行业信息化的归宿。对于水利这一个信息密集型行业,需要逐步实现水利信息化,充分利用现代信息技术,深入开发和广泛利用水利信息资源,利用水利信息化推动水利现代化。     

工程设计单位信息化建设的创新与战略思考

信息化是工程设计单位实现发展与创新的重要手段。建设"网络化市政工程集成应用系统"是市政总院为实现企业战略目标,在行业信息化目标指引下而提出的信息化构想。其总体思路是建立以工程项目设计管理为主线的信息平台,实现覆盖设计全过程和全院各部门的、设计与管理一体化的集成应用系统。以此系统的建设为案例,通过介绍系统的基本目标、技术路线、主要内容及创新之处,为工程设计单位的信息化建设提供了思路与方法。最后通过总结系统实施过程中决定成败的关键因素,引申出工程设计行业信息化建设的战略思考。     

小波变换在遥感图像上矿区空间定位方面的分析与应用——以鄂东南铁矿矿区为例

随着社会的发展,人们对自然地物的影响越来越显著,大量地改变了地表的状况,在遥感图像上则表现为灰度值变化剧烈,其中的纹理信息发生改变.在频率域上说,人工改变的区域部分的高频成分比其他区域部分要丰富很多,小波变换能够有效地将其中的高频信息提取出来,用假彩色分割图将其中的异常值明显地表示出来.湖北大冶的铁山矿区分布着六大露天矿区,地表开挖范围广,影响程度大,以该地区为例,分析小波变换在遥感图像上矿区空间定位方面的应用.使用本文介绍的方法处理效果比较明显.矿区位置的确定还需要参考断层分布信息,这意味着使用小波变换进行处理的方法具有一定的局限性.     

Stability of sandy slopes under seepage conditions

Stability against shallow mass sliding in saturated sandy slopes under seepage depends on the flow direction and hydraulic gradient, particularly near the ground surface. Two modes of instability i.e., Coulomb sliding and liquefaction have been studied and the critical flow directions discussed. The utility of the numerical approach in solving complex flow problems with irregular boundaries and surface topography is demonstrated by means of two slope examples with different internal drainage conditions. The numerical results for the seepage gradients at different points are compared with those predicted by the simple expression derived in this study, and the corresponding effects on the stability are evaluated.     

Mechanism for the rapid motion of the Qianjiangping landslide during reactivation by the first impoundment of the Three Gorges Dam reservoir, China

The first impoundment of the Three Gorges Dam reservoir in China started from a water surface elevation of 95 m on June 1, 2003 and reached 135 m on June 15, 2003. Shortly after the water level reached 135 m, many slopes began to deform and some landslides occurred. The Qianjiangping landslide is the largest one; it occurred on the early morning of July 14, 2003 and caused great loss of lives and property. Field investigation revealed that, although failure occurred after the reservoir reached 135 m, the stability of the slope was already reduced by preexisting sheared bedding planes. To study the mechanism of the rapid motion of this reactivated landslide, two soil samples were taken from a yellow clay layer and a black silt layer in the sliding zone, respectively, and a series of ring shear tests were conducted on the samples. One series of ring shear tests simulates the creep deformation behavior, while the other series simulates different shear rates. Conclusions drawn from analysis of the ring shear tests indicate that the mechanism of the rapid motion of the reactivated landslide was caused by the rate effect of the black silt layer during the motion phase after the creep failure. The yellow clay layer did not play any important role in the rapid motion in the 2003 event.     

Groundwater flow modeling for effective implementation of landslide stability enhancement measures

This paper deals with groundwater hydrology at a prominent fracture zone landslide slope (Nuta–Yone landslides) in Japan with an objective to explore an efficient method for the application of landslide stability enhancement measures. The correlation analyses between the hydrological parameters and ground surface movement data at this landslide resulted in low correlation values indicating that the geological formation of the area is extremely complex. For the purpose of understanding the groundwater flow behavior in the landslide area, a three-dimensional transient groundwater flow model was prepared for a part of the landslide slope, where the levels of effectiveness of applied landslide stability enhancement measures (in the form of multilayered deep horizontal drains) are different, and was calibrated against the measured water surface elevations at different piezometer locations. The parameter distributions in the calibrated model and the general directions of the groundwater flow in terms of flow vectors and the results of particle tracking at the model site were interpreted to understand the reasons for variations in effectiveness of existing landslide stability enhancement measures and to find potentially better locations for the implementation of future landslide stability enhancement measures. From the modeling results, it was also understood that groundwater flow model can be effectively used in better planning and locating the landslide stability enhancement measures.     

VPN技术在煤炭地质档案网络服务中的应用

网络服务是煤炭地质档案业务发展的必由之路,为了解决在公共网络传输过程中的安全问题,本文介绍了一种虚拟专用网络技术,通过分析其应用于煤炭地质档案网络服务中的优势,为行业内外部的信息共享提供了一个新的思路。     

青龙煤矿采探对比及构造分析

通过对青龙井田两次勘查进行采探对比分析,认为存在工程量不足、构造和煤层控制程度低、高级资源量比例低、地质规律研究不足等问题。青龙井田构造以断层为主、褶曲为辅,小断层、小型紧闭褶曲极为发育,断层具有落差大、密度大、延展长度大、相互切割、下盘牵引破坏明显等特点,断层总体以NE向为主,可分为NE向正、逆断层组,NW向正、逆断层组4组。井田F4、F22断层附近及F4断层以南、F22断层东南为构造复杂区,升田深部为构造较复杂区,综合评价井田构造复杂程度为较复杂一复杂类型。目前矿井生产被动局面是由于地质构造复杂、煤层稳定性差和前期勘查程度低造成,通过分析构造和煤层对采区和工作面设计、工作面回采等影响,提出了今后井田勘查、矿井生产和地质丁作建议,对贵州煤矿地质工作具有一定的借鉴作用。