长江流域港口煤炭运输的空间演化及其影响因素

长江流域是中国相对完整的经济区,依托长江的煤炭运输一直是支撑流域社会经济发展的重要力量,分析长江流域港口的煤炭运输职能对揭示长江港口在流域经济发展中的作用有重要意义。基于此,本文刻画了20世纪80年代以来长江流域港口的煤炭运输格局与演化过程,重点分析煤炭进出港空间格局演变,归纳主要特征,测度空间集散水平并总结演变规律。借助区位商和进出港系数,分析了长江流域煤炭运输职能空间分异的演变过程,并探讨了不同运输职能之间的空间关系。基于不同阶段下港口煤炭运输的空间特征,本文凝练了长江流域港口煤炭运输的空间模式,全面总结了煤炭运输格局演变的驱动因素。以此,为长江流域港口的建设与功能优化提供参考。     

贻贝附着基海带苗种运输技术探究

中介生物辅助大型海藻海底基质附着技术,是采用海面撒播苗种方法,进行大型海藻海底增殖的核心技术。研究发现,该贝、藻复合体苗种的运输比普通水产苗种运输难度显著增加。本文采取传统的干运、水运以及发明的淋水运输3种不同方式,进行了贻贝附着基海带苗种运输技术研究。结果表明:干运3h内苗种的存活率和生长速度与对照组差异不显著(P0.05);水运1h以上苗种的存活率与对照组差异显著(P0.05);淋水运输24 h内苗种的存活率和生长速度与对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。实验说明:水运不适合该苗种运输;在露空时间3 h以内,干运是最经济、最便捷的苗种运输方法;在露空24 h以内,采取淋水运输能够保证苗种的成活率,可以作为该苗种常规的运输方法。     

总图运输设计与节约用地

土地是人类居住场所,是人类生活和生产不可缺少的物质条件。“保护、节约和合理利用土地资源”是我国一项基本国策。 作为总图运输设计人员,在工业厂矿的设计中,必须贯彻执行“十分珍惜和合理利用土地”的方针,因地制宜,合理布置,提高土地利用率,本文试图从如下几方面,探讨节约用地应采取的措施和途径,并     

国内外城市生活垃圾处理概况

介绍了国内和国外工业发达城市生活垃圾的处理概况,包括垃圾的收集、运输和处理工艺及其发展方向,提出了国内在城市垃圾处理上存在的一些问题。     

黄河三角洲潮滩高浓度悬浮沉积物的控制因素

黄河口潮滩以其悬浮沉积物浓度高而闻名。但是,目前对其高浓度悬浮沉积物的控制因素和来源的了解尚不清晰。因此,本文基于黄河口潮滩上为期7天的水动力(水深,波高和水流速度)和悬浮沉积物浓度观测,对黄河口潮滩不同海况下悬浮沉积物的控制因素和来源进行分析。数据显示,在大部分时间里,黄河口潮滩处于1级海况下(波高小于0.1m),SSC的变化范围为0.1-3.5 g/L,潮流的沉积物输运为悬浮沉积物的主要来源。但是,当水动力作用增强并且导致海底发生大规模侵蚀时,再悬浮沉积物成为了悬浮沉积物的主要来源,水体中的悬浮沉积物浓度可达到17.3 g/L。我们发现悬浮泥沙通量主要受平流输运的控制,而波浪引起的切应力也可通过影响悬浮泥沙浓度影响悬浮泥沙通量的变化。在观测期间, 1级海况下,流致再悬浮沉积物浓度(RSC)大于波致RSC。与此相反,在2级海况下,波致RSC大于流致RSC,例如,在观测期间出现的单个波浪事件导致6小时内海床被侵蚀了11.8 cm。该研究揭示了河控河流三角洲潮滩附近高悬浮沉积物浓度的不同控制因素,并有助于我们更好地了解三角洲的沉积和侵蚀机制。     

朝阳：探明一大型硅石矿

记者日前从辽宁省地质局第三地质大队获悉,该队提交的《朝阳县西五家子乡付家沟硅石矿普查报告》通过了专家组的评审。此次普查圈出三处矿体,估算资源量为2．07亿吨,为一大型硅石矿床。该矿床的主要特征是储量规模大,矿石品位变化系数小,主要矿体厚16．61米～67．01米,平均厚度39．69米。     

六梅金矿断层上盘运输道塌陷治理实践

文章针对贵港市六梅金矿85m中段断层附近上盘运输道受地压活动影响面临塌陷的具体情况,分析了巷道被破坏的原因,并介绍了有针对性的预防塌陷的治理方案--废石充填的具体实施过程,可为其他矿山生产提供参考.     

Suspended sediment transport and deposition in the Zhoushan Archipelago sea area

The transport mechanism and settlement characteristics of suspended sediments are analyzed in this article on the basis of measured data. Results indicate that the concentration and flux of suspended sediments decrease sharply from Hangzhou Bay to the offshore area. Suspended sediment transport is mainly controlled by advection transport and gravitational circulation transport. The settling velocity of suspended sediments gradually decreases from Hangzhou Bay to the offshore area. The settlement of suspended sediments mainly takes place during the turning phase of the tidal currents.     

Resistance of the diffusive boundary layer to salt release from saline sediments to freshwater

The diffusive boundary layer （DBL） is the zone for matter exchange between surface water and aquatic sediments. To elucidate the influence of DBL on salt release from saline sediments to freshwater, two experiments with or without wind blowing were conducted. According to the experiments, a 3.5 cm DBL is formed above the smoothed sediments at a steady wind field and this thickness is greater than other studies. The observed flux of salt through the DBL is 6% larger than the calculated value from Fick＇ s first law. The results indicate that molecular diffusion is the dominant mechanism for salt transport through the DBL. The presence of DBL suppresses the hydrodynamic enhancement for matter exchange between sediments and overlying water. Therefore, salts in the sediments of a polder reservoir may influence the water quality chronically.     

Food intake rate and delivery strategy in aquaculture

In aquaculture, it is important to estimate in advance how much food cultured animals would take. The rate of food consumption by cultured animals to available food amount is defined as the food intake rate （FIR） in this paper. To some extents, FIR reflects the quality of food, the health of cultured animals and the delivery efficiency. In practice, it is difficult to estimate in advance the accurate quantity of food that cultured animal needs. Usually, food is provided more than the need by animals, causing excess food that may pollute water and environment. Our experiments in past years show that FIR at 80% is recommended.