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堤防隐患探测实例分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在堤防隐患探测中,采用地质雷达、高密度电法、电测深法、地震折射波法等综合物探技术,并结合少量的土工试验资料,提高了物探成果的可靠性和实用性,取得了良好的应用效果.为堤防隐患探测提供了新的思路。 相似文献
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Modelling increased soil cohesion due to roots with EUROSEM 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
As organic root exudates cause soil particles to adhere firmly to root surfaces, roots significantly increase soil strength and therefore also increase the resistance of the topsoil to erosion by concentrated flow. This paper aims at contributing to a better prediction of the root effects on soil erosion rates in the EUROSEM model, as the input values accounting for roots, presented in the user manual, do not account for differences in root density or root architecture. Recent research indicates that small changes in root density or differences in root architecture considerably influence soil erosion rates during concentrated flow. The approach for incorporating the root effects into this model is based on a comparison of measured soil detachment rates for bare and for root‐permeated topsoil samples with predicted erosion rates under the same flow conditions using the erosion equation of EUROSEM. Through backwards calculation, transport capacity efficiencies and corresponding soil cohesion values can be assessed for bare and root‐permeated topsoils respectively. The results are promising and present soil cohesion values that are in accordance with reported values in the literature for the same soil type (silt loam). The results show that grass roots provide a larger increase in soil cohesion as compared with tap‐rooted species and that the increase in soil cohesion is not significantly different under wet and dry soil conditions, either for fibrous root systems or for tap root systems. Power and exponential relationships are established between measured root density values and the corresponding calculated soil cohesion values, reflecting the effects of roots on the resistance of the topsoil to concentrated flow incision. These relationships enable one to incorporate the root effect into the soil erosion model EUROSEM, through adapting the soil cohesion input value. A scenario analysis shows that the contribution of roots to soil cohesion is very important for preventing soil loss and reducing runoff volume. The increase in soil shear strength due to the binding effect of roots on soil particles is two orders of magnitude lower as compared with soil reinforcement achieved when roots mobilize their tensile strength during soil shearing and root breakage. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
76.
针对现有风暴轴指数分析大多采用相关分析等较为简单方法,难以对风暴轴指数变化有效诊断分析的问题,引入偏最小二乘回归(Partial Least Square Regression,PLS)的线性方法和核偏最小二乘回归方法(Kernel Partial Least Square Regression,KPLS),对冬季北太平洋风暴轴指数变化进行了特征诊断研究,并与传统的线性无偏最小二乘回归结果进行了试验比对。结果表明:偏最小二乘回归方法的诊断结果能够更好地反映风暴轴内部变化规律,并有效降低诊断误差。对于PNYI(北太平洋风暴轴纬度指数),采用r0. 2的因子筛选方案(r为因子与风暴轴指数的相关系数)并应用KPLS算法时,预测效果最佳;对于PNXI(北太平洋风暴轴经度指数)和PNII(北太平洋风暴轴强度指数),采用全因子方案并应用KPLS算法时,预测效果最佳。 相似文献
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NaCl—H_2O溶液包裹体的密度式和等容式及其应用 总被引:55,自引:1,他引:55
由于含盐类包裹体不能应用现有的状态方程求解,作者根据实验数值,采用最小二乘法等,得到含盐度(wt%)≤25的NaCl-H_2O溶液包裹体的密度式和等容式。只要测定出包裹体的均一温度和含盐度,代入密度式,即可计算包裹体中的流体密度。再由此密度、含盐度的等容式,进一步可求得包裹体的形成温度和压力。最后,作者列举了三个实例。 相似文献
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东准噶尔卡拉麦里金矿带是新疆重要的成矿带之一,已经发现的金矿床(点)有100多处。区内断裂构造极为发育,主要的断裂构造有卡拉麦里深大断裂、清水—苏吉泉断裂和库普大断裂,由大断裂派生的次级断裂广泛发育,与金的成矿关系极为密切。在已有研究的基础上,借助遥感解译技术,在数理统计的基础上,总结了卡拉麦里金矿带构造控矿特征,并初步进行了有利度分析。结果表明:北西—北西西向的断裂为该成矿带内极为有利的控矿构造,其控制了成矿带的展布,与其共生的次级断裂和派生断裂为容矿构造,控制着矿床(点)的位置。北东—北东东和北东对金矿的控矿作用不明显。金矿床(点)多分布在5~15个/100 km2的密度区内。线性构造交汇点密度高峰值为25个/100 km2,随着密度值的增高,金矿床(点)逐趋减少。 相似文献
80.
In this paper, with the spatial analysis functions in ArcGIS and the county-level census data of 2000 in China, the population density map was divided and shown by classes, meanwhile, the map system of population distribution and a curve of population centers were formed; in accordance with the geographical proximity principle, the classes of population densities were reclassified and a population density map was obtained which had the spatial clustering characteristic. The multi-layer superposition based on the population density classification shows that the population densities become denser from the Northwest to the Southeast; the multi-layer clustering phenomenon of the Chinese population distribution is obvious, the populations have a water-based characteristic gathering towards the rivers and coastlines. The curve of population centers shows the population densities transit from the high density region to the low one on the whole, while in low-density areas there are relatively dense areas, and in high-density areas there are relatively sparse areas. The reclassification research on the population density map based on the curve of population centers shows that the Chinese population densities can be divided into 9 classes, hereby, the geographical distribution of Chinese population can be divided into 9 type regions: the concentration core zone, high concentration zone, moderate concentration zone, low concentration zone, general transitional zone, relatively sparse area, absolute sparse area, extreme sparse area, and basic no-man's land. More than 3/4 of the population of China is concentrated in less than 1/5 of the land area, and more than half of the land area is inhabited by less than 2% of the population, the result reveals a better space law of China’s population distribution. 相似文献