西安黄土新型旋转触探试验研究

对西安理工大学研制的新型旋转触探仪进行调试并进行了5个干密度,4个含水率试样的室内旋转触探试验。通过对实验数据的分析定性得出了:相同含水率条件下稳定锥尖阻力与稳定扭矩随干密度增大而增大;相同干密度条件下稳定锥尖阻力与稳定扭矩随含水率增大而减小。试验结果也为通过旋转触探定量确定岩土物理力学性质参数提供了依据。     

玄武岩玻璃的电子探针分析

将电子探针分析技术应用于检测玄武岩玻璃中的SiO2、CaO、Al2O3、Fe2O3、MgO、K2O、TiO2、Na2O、P2O5。为了快速、准确地测定硅酸盐样品元素含量,文章针对硅酸盐样品特性,系统地调整了多种测试条件,通过结果对比得到测定硅酸盐样品最佳的实验条件。结果表明,在测试含量较低的元素时,晶体应尽可能选取灵敏度较高的小晶体;所测元素的特征波长尽可能靠近晶体测试范围的中间波段;在测试含量较低的元素以及含有易迁移的元素时,加大加速电压以及发射电流可以提高低含量元素的准确性;对含有易迁移元素的样品尽可能采用大束斑进行测试;对所含元素较多,且原子序数差别较大的样品,应采用PRZ修正方法进行修正。     

Simulation and analysis of the revised Huygens probe entry and descent trajectory and radio link modelling

The Cassini spacecraft will arrive at Saturn in 2004 carrying the Huygens probe. The beginning of the Cassini tour at Saturn has been redesigned to achieve a different relative orbiter/probe geometry in order to compensate for the probe relay receiver design flaw that was discovered during tests in February 2000. This paper presents a numerical simulation of the Huygens atmospheric entry and descent trajectory and the Cassini flyby trajectory during the probe mission. A variety of parameters that are crucial for the probe system and its scientific payload have been calculated and analyzed together with an assessment of their uncertainties. Furthermore the orbiter/probe relay link was simulated in order to assess any potential data loss on the basis of an analytical model of the actual Huygens receiver onboard the Cassini spacecraft. The redesigned Cassini/Huygens mission satisfies all science and engineering requirements and assures the best possible radio link for the entire nominal mission duration.     

The sum of component concentrations as a quality indicator in X-ray electron probe microanalysis of minerals

X-ray electron probe microanalysis is a complete mineral analysis technique. Therefore, the sum of obtained concentrations can be used as an indicator of the quality of analysis. There are two kinds of errors of the sum of concentrations. The first is related to the deviation of the sum from the basic value and can be called a difference error. The second is the scattering of results around the mean value and can be called an averaging error. The difference error characterizes the reproducibility of the measurements and equals 0.41% at the current precision level. The averaging error characterizes the repeatability of the measurements and equals 0.23%. The difference error can be used as a quality indicator directly during analysis, while the averaging error can be used after analysis of a batch of specimens. According to the modified three-sigma rule, the acceptable sum values of separate analyses are in the range 98.8-100.8%. This range is obviously valid only for an ideal model with a basic sum value of 100%. In real analyses, the basic value deviates from 100% because of the presence of elements which are not detected in the analysis and elements with a variable valence. According to the three-sigma rule, the acceptable scattering of the sum of concentrations around the average value is ± 0.7%.     

东印度沿岸流的季节变化及其热盐输运

基于卫星高度计数据、模式数据和同化资料揭示了东印度沿岸流(East India Coastal Current, EICC)年周期上的时空分布特征, 并探讨了其可能的影响机制及热盐输运。在年周期上EICC呈现3种分布状态, 受季风影响, 在东北季风前期(10—12月)和后期(2—5月)为一致的南向(北向)流动; 而6—8月EICC呈3段式分布, 与另外两个时间段明显不同, 表现为9°N以南、16°N以北区域的南向流动和9°—16°N区域的北向流动。前人研究认为印度东海岸的局地风应力是EICC的主要机制, 本研究发现除局地风应力外, 来自孟加拉湾中部的艾克曼抽吸(Ekman Pumping)在全年也发挥着重要作用, 并在2—5月(10—12月)驱动EICC的北向(南向)流动, 而局地风应力则在10—12月有利于EICC的南向流动。EICC是孟加拉湾低盐水向赤道东印度洋和阿拉伯海输运的一个因素, 在海盆间的热盐交换上发挥着重要作用。EICC的热输运在6—12月(2—5月)有利于(不利于)湾内温度的升高; 盐输运则在全年都有利于孟加拉湾内盐度的增加。此外, EICC的一致南向(北向)流动以及3段式结构促进了湾内热盐的再分配, 对于维持北印度洋的热量和盐度收支平衡具有重要作用。     

Metamorphic K-Feldspar in Low-grade Metasediments from the Ogcheon Metamorphic Belt in South Korea

Metamorphic K-feldspar was found in the low-grade pelitic rocks from the Ogcheon metamorphic belt in South Korea. It occurs as extremely fine-grained crystals (5-15 mm in width and 15-25 mm in length) closely associated with fine-grained muscovite and biotite. Their micro structural relations by X-ray mapping analyses using an electron-probe microanalyzer strongly suggest that K-feldspar has grown directly from the matrix phases as a stable phase coexisting with muscovite and biotite during the Ogcheon metamorphism. The phengite component in muscovite indicates about 4.2 kbar at 400°C, suggesting intermediate P/T type of metamorphism. Muscovite separates of two size fractions, 2-4 and 4-8 mm, give K-Ar ages of 153.4±3.3 and 156.7±3.4 Ma, respectively. The biotite separate is 156.5±3.3 Ma in age. Coarse-grained biotite crystal (ca. 0.5 mm) often occurs and it was analyzed by ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar method using a laser probe step heating technique. It gives a plateau age of 158.2±0.5 Ma that is the same as the K-Ar muscovite and biotite ages. These data, including the previous works, suggest that intermediate P/T type of Ogcheon metamorphic belt exhumed in Middle Jurassic with the dextral strike-slip fault movement.     

Characteristics of the dust-plasma interaction near Enceladus’ South Pole

We present RPWS Langmuir probe data from the third Enceladus flyby (E3) showing the presence of dusty plasma near Enceladus’ South Pole. There is a sharp rise in both the electron and ion number densities when the spacecraft traverses through Enceladus plume. The ion density near Enceladus is found to increase abruptly from about 10² cm⁻³ before the closest approach to 10⁵ cm⁻³ just 30 s after the closest approach, an amount two orders of magnitude higher than the electron density. Assuming that the inconsistency between the electron and ion number densities is due to the presence of dust particles that are collecting the missing electron charges, we present dusty plasma characteristics down to sub-micron particle sizes. By assuming a differential dust number density for a range in dust sizes and by making use of Langmuir probe data, the dust densities for certain lower limits in dust size distribution were estimated. In order to achieve the dust densities of micrometer and larger sized grains comparable to the ones reported in the literature, we show that the power law size distribution must hold down to at least 0.03 μm such that the total differential number density is dominated by the smallest sub-micron sized grains. The total dust number density in Enceladus’ plume is of the order of 10² cm⁻³ reducing to 1 cm⁻³ in the E-ring. The dust density for micrometer and larger sized grains is estimated to be about 10⁻⁴ cm⁻³ in the plume while it is about 10⁻⁶-10⁻⁷ cm⁻³ in the E-ring. Dust charge for micron sized grains is estimated to be about eight thousand electron charges reducing to below one hundred electron charges for 0.03 μm sized grains. The effective dusty plasma Debye length is estimated and compared with inter-grain distance as well as the electron Debye length. The maximum dust charging time of 1.4 h is found for 0.03 μm sized grains just 1 min before the closest approach. The charging time decreases substantially in the plume where it is only a fraction of a second for 1 μm sized grains, 1 s for 0.1 μm sized grains and about 10 s for 0.03 μm sized grains.     

结合卡尔曼滤波的城市路段速度估计

本文以城市出租车为浮动车数据采集源,介绍了基于GPS数据的实时路段速度估计的基本方法。针对目标路段GPS数据样本量不足的情况,考虑邻近区域的路段速度、上周同日速度、前一时刻速度等与目标路段当前时刻速度等密切相关的变量,建立多元线性回归方程,利用卡尔曼滤波融合预测值和测量值,从而提高路段行驶速度的估计精度。选择广州市东风路作为测试实例,融合值比测量值误差降低9%,绝对相对误差变动系数减少4%,表明结合卡尔曼滤波技术的城市路段速度估计精度和稳定性均得到提高。     

深部找矿和深部探测中钻探技术的挑战与对策

近10年来,随着钻探工作量大幅度增加,施工的深孔、特深孔数量急剧增长;作为地壳探测工程前期准备的深部探测技术与实验研究专项即将全面完成,万米级科学钻探工程将提上议事日程;这对钻探技术和装备提出了前所未有的挑战。就钻探技术的新进展,深孔、特深孔钻探存在的问题及解决对策进行了初步探讨。     

应用实时荧光定量PCR技术研究九龙江口水域米氏凯伦藻的分布

为快速精确监测九龙江口小型有毒赤潮藻的分布,本工作应用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测了2009年春(5月)、夏(8月)、秋(11月)3个季节九龙江口18个站位水样中米氏凯伦藻(Kareniamikimotoi)的密度.这3个季节分别对应九龙江口水域的丰水期、平水期、枯水期.结果表明,在九龙江口水中米氏凯伦藻的检出范围为未检出至2.3×104cells/dm3;其空间分布差异比较大,主要分布在厦门西港海域,其次是在高潮时的海门岛附近海域;海门岛以西水域几乎未监测到该藻的存在,仅5号站位有1个航次检出.米氏凯伦藻密度的季节分布差异也很明显,春、夏季的密度(最高检出值都达到了2.3×104cells/dm3)明显高于秋季的密度(最高检出值仅为5.4×103cells/dm3).本研究结果可为厦门西港以及九龙江口水域赤潮的研究与监测提供参考.同步进行的显微镜镜检技术没有观测到米氏凯伦藻的存在,可见在藻密度较低(低于103cells/dm3)的情况下,实时荧光定量PCR技术较传统镜检技术(检出限一般在103cells/dm3以上)可能更灵敏.该技术特异性好且操作简便,使对大样本的检测具有可行性,为实现沿岸海域赤潮的动态监测和深入研究奠定了基础.