甘肃酒西老君庙油田K层油藏沉积相研究

老君庙K油藏组属于三角洲前前缘亚相沉积,发育水下分流河道和水下分流间湾微相,是重要的油气储集体,油气分布受沉积相控制。     

数码航空影像在建筑物震害信息提取中的应用

近几年被引入到航空摄影的数码航空相机,其辐射分辨率比传统的胶片航空相机高很多。因此,即使空间分辨率在同一水平,数码航空相机也能比胶片相机获取更清晰的地面影像。本文重点强调数码航空相机探测多种地震灾害的能力。数码航空相机、模拟航空相机和高分辨率卫星影像拍摄到了最近日本发生的几次地震的受灾地区,如2004年新泻中越地震和2007年新泻中越冲地震。本文首先进行了数码航空影像与扫描式模拟照片质量间的对比。然后对2007年新泻中越冲地震震前、震后拍摄的数码航空影像,应用了基于像元与基于对象两种分类方法提取出建筑破坏信息。经过一系列的数字图像处理后,倒塌建筑物的瓦砾被准确地提取出来。     

KNN方法在贵州晴雨预报中的试验

使用2003—2007年T213数值预报产品和贵州省08-08时日降水量资料,建立了贵州省9个站的KNN晴雨预报模型,并对2008年进行了预报试验。在搜索K邻近域的过程中,与传统的KNN方法相比,求取了不同类别的K值,即K+、K-,使该方法选择的最邻近域中的K值取得更为合理。通过对历史资料的反复交叉验证求取了最优的K+、K-值组合。最后对2008年贵州省9个站进行预报试验并评估。预报评估结果表明:KNN方法总体上降低了预报空报率,提高了晴雨预报的TS评分和预报准确率,特别是对24h和48h,KNN方法在对贵州降水预报的数值预报解释应用中有一定的效果。     

闽南金三角地区暴雨的气候特征

基于1958～2007年闽南金三角地区的3个测站(漳州、泉州和厦门)的逐日降水资料,采用统计、线性倾向估计、小波分析等方法,分析暴雨、大暴雨日数和连续性暴雨等的气候特征。结果表明:暴雨日集中在5～9月,大暴雨日集中期是6～9月;暴雨、大暴雨日的年际变化较大,总暴雨日与年降水量高度相关;总暴雨日整体上呈增多的趋势,1983年左右发生突变增加;存在3～4、7～8、14和32年的周期振荡信号;近50年来,暴雨有强度增强、连续性增长的趋势;连续性暴雨以连续2d为主。     

L波段雷达低空低仰角探测技术

根据新一代L波段测风雷达的测风原理,探讨了海岛测站在大风、台风天气雷达低仰角探测中,低空难以实现角度自动跟踪与近距离抓球等问题。阐述了丢球的原因和解决方法,并以个例分析来说明低空低仰角丢球、旁瓣球的特征。提出在地面风速大的情况下,低空低仰角丢球可利用风速判断仰角范围、配合下风方位帮助抓球。总结L波段雷达的探测经验,为台站灵活使用L波段雷达提供借鉴。     

南宁L波段探空雷达“高差”报警故障分析及处理

通过对南宁的L波段探空雷达在观测中频繁出现"高差"报警和自动跟踪不上的故障检修,总结了该故障的现象、故障分析以及检修方法和处理过程,为今后类似的雷达故障分析提供借鉴。     

Numerical simulation of sensitivities of snow melting to spectral composition of the incoming solar radiation

Snow albedo is an important factor influencing the snow surface energy budget and snow melting, yet uncertainties remain in the calculation of spectrally resolved snow surface albedo because the spectral composition (visible versus near infrared) of the incident solar radiation is seldom available. The influence of the spectral composition of the incoming solar radiation on the snow surface albedo, snow surface energy budget, and final snow ablation is investigated through sensitivity experiments of four snow seasons at two open sites in the Alps by using a multi-layer Snow-Atmosphere-Soil-Transfer scheme (SAST). Since the snow albedo in the near infrared (NIR) spectral band is significantly lower than that in the visible (VIS) band, and almost the entire NIR part of the solar radiation is absorbed in the top layer of the snow pack, given a fixed amount of incoming solar radiation, a lower VIS/NIR ratio implies that more NIR radiation is reaching the ground surface and more is absorbed by the top layer of the snow pack, therefore, speeding up the snow melting and increasing the surface runoff, although a lesser part of the solar radiation in the visible band is transmitted into and trapped by the sub-layer of the snow pack. The above VIS/NIR ratio effect of the incoming solar radiation can result in a couple of days difference in the timing of snow ablation and it becomes more significant in late spring when the total solar radiation is intensified with seasonal evolution. Snow aging also slightly intensifies this VIS/NIR ratio effect.     

Convective Scale Structure and Evolution of a Squall Line Observed by C-Band Dual Doppler Radar in an Arid Region of Northwestern China

A long-lived and loosely organized squall line moved rapidly across Urumqi, the capital city of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China on 26 June 2005, generating hail and strong winds. The squall line was observed by a dual Doppler radar system in a field experiment conducted in 2004 and 2005 by the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences and the local meteorological bureau in northwestern China. The 3D wind fields within the squall line were retrieved through dual Doppler analyses and a variational Doppler radar analysis system (VDRAS). The formation and structure of the squall line as well as the genesis and evolution of embedded convective cells were investigated. During its life period, the squall line consisted of six storm cells extending about 100 km in length, and produced hail of about 25 mm in diameter and strong surface winds up to 11 m s^-1. Radar observations revealed a broad region of stratiform rain in a meso-β cyclone, with the squall line located to the west of this. Two meso-γ scale vortices were found within the squall line. Compared to typical squall lines in moist regions, such as Guangdong Province and Shanghai, which tend to be around 300--400 km in length, have echo tops of 17--19 km, and produce maximum surface winds of about 25 m s^-1 and temperature variations of about 8^oC this squall line system had weaker maximum reflectivity (55 dBZ), a lower echo top (13 km) and smaller extension (about 100 km), relatively little stratiform rainfall preceding the convective line, and a similar moving speed and temperature variation at the surface.     

HY-1/COCTS波段信息含量与波段相关性分析--以辽东湾为例

以2003年4月辽东湾的HY-1／COCTS数据为例,采用主成分分析法和相关分析法,从光谱的不同结构、主成分、相关性等方面来揭示COCTS图像的光谱信息。COCTS的10个波段中,9,10两个波段与其他几个波段相比,包含的信息较丰富。在其他的8个波段中,6,7波段的信息较为丰富,6波段对主成分的贡献大。这8个波段与9波段和10波段的相关性为负相关,表明它们间的重叠少。5波段与1波段、7波段与6波段、6波段与2波段的相关性较高,这说明这些数据间的彼此重叠较多,故在进行波段图像的假彩色合成时一般以8,4,3或8,4,1波段的组合为佳。以OIF指数来检查融合方法的可行性。     

利用波段合成研究SPOT多光谱影像水体提取方法

SPOT多光谱影像仅有4个波段,光谱信息相对较少,通常的水体提取方法受到波段数的限制,通过波段合成增加SPOT多光谱影像可用的波段数,不仅增加了水体提取方法的种类,而且,通过对矿区塌陷地积水现象进行水体提取试验,结果表明：波段合成对SPOT影像的水体提取情况有一定程度的改善,水体提取更完整,误提现象较少。