黄河大堤隐患的探地雷达探测

本文简略介绍了利用探地雷达探测黄河大堤堤身隐患的试验效果,初步探测的结果表明,探地雷达可以探测土堤堤身内部的洞穴;对土裂缝发育地段,雷达图象清晰;配合少量钻孔资料,可以沿堤身追索历史上溃决口堵层的顶底界并了解堵层的不均匀性。     

Stability analysis of an embankment resting upon a column‐reinforced soil

The design against failure of an embankment resting upon a soft soil improved by a group of columns is investigated with the help of the yield design homogenization approach. Assuming that both constituents of the reinforced ground are purely cohesive materials (‘lime column’ technique), an upper bound estimate for the macroscopic strength condition of the reinforced soil as a homogenized medium is first obtained, providing definite evidence of a shear strength anisotropy associated with the reinforcement preferential orientation. The kinematic method of yield design is then performed on the basis of such a criterion, making use of rotational failure mechanisms involving slip circles in the reinforced ground. Upper bound estimates are finally obtained for the embankment stability factor, as functions of the degree of reinforcement and relative thickness of the soil layer. These results are compared with those derived from a simplified analysis, where the reinforced soil is assumed to exhibit an averaged isotropic cohesion. This comparison clearly indicates that the latter simplified analysis may produce quite unsafe estimates for the embankment stability, which can be attributed to the fact that it fails to capture the inherent strength anisotropy of the reinforced soil. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

青藏高原多年冻土区铁路路堤临界高度数值计算分析

青藏高原多年冻土区铁路路堤的修建, 改变了原有天然地表的热平衡条件, 从而引起了路堤下多年冻土上限位置的变化. 为了确保铁路路堤完成后, 在考虑全球气温升高的条件下, 未来50 a中多年冻土上限不发生下移, 采用有限元的分析方法, 对青藏高原多年冻土区粗颗粒填土路堤的临界高度进行了数值模拟计算. 得到了不同年平均气温条件下路堤的上下临界高度值, 并从中找到以铁路正常运营50 a为限, 路堤临界高度存在与否的年平均气温临界值为-3.5 ℃. 分析发现, 无论是修筑高路堤, 还是低路堤, 地温均呈上升趋势, 冻土处于退化状态.     

青藏铁路片石路基长期使用效果分析

以片石夹层路基断面为依托, 区分了自然对流和强制对流换热的形成机理. 以最佳孔径为依据, 分析了青藏铁路片石路基自然对流换热长期效果的主要影响因素: 岩石风化、水汽迁移、震动荷载和其它外力作用下的结构破坏或失稳等, 提出加固片石层的刚性和柔性措施.     

Analysis of the Cooling Mechanism of a Crushed Rock Embankment in Warm and Lower Temperature Permafrost Regions along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway

Based on data monitored in situ and theoretical analysis,the characteristics of the temperature field and mechanism of thermal conduction of a crushed rock embankment were studied along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.The results of experi-ments in the field revealed that the cooling effect of a crushed rock embankment is influenced mainly by the natural con-vection in winter and shield effect in summer,the ventilation of crushed rocks,and the ground temperature regime be-neath the embankment.Consequently,these three factors should be taken into account in numerical simulations,but it is as a result of natural convection only.     

土体渗透稳定性判定准则

土体的渗透稳定性是指在渗流条件下宽级配土体内粗颗粒阻止细颗粒流失的能力,土体的渗透稳定性受几何条件、水力条件和物理条件的影响。从几何条件出发,通过对收集的167种土的室内渗透侵蚀试验结果的分析,基于对土体渗透稳定性控制变量地研究,将土分成良好级配土和间断级配土两大类;基于细粒（小于0.063 mm）含量的不同,将每类土又细分为3类,针对不同细类土提出了不同的渗透稳定性几何判定准则。从水力条件出发,研究了应力状态对土体渗透侵蚀起动及破坏水力梯度的影响。试验结果表明,起动水力梯度和破坏水力梯度都随着围压的增大而增大,是由于增大围压使得颗粒间的摩擦力增大的结果。     

路堤下土工合成材料加固软土地基的极限分析

路堤或堤坝工程中土工合成材料加固软土地基得到广泛应用,但其计算方法仍有不足之处。从极限分析的角度来研究,引入滑移线法来改进极限分析上限法,推导出一种新的地基极限分析方法,并基于推导的极限承载力计算公式,把路堤破坏宽度作为变量,求解出路堤极限高度。工程实例对比分析表明,路堤极限高度计算结果与实测结果相差不大。其研究结论为软土地基路堤设计提供了一个新的和有效的方法。     

红层填料蠕变特性及工程应用研究

为了保持轨道的平顺性和稳定性,高速铁路要求路堤的工后沉降为0。红层属于C类填料,易崩解、软化,依据单轴压缩蠕变（粒径小于2 mm和压实度为95 %）试验结果,对红层填料的蠕变特性进行了分析,同时基于工程应用的目的,根据蠕变曲线对路堤的工后沉降进行了预测,论证了采用红层作为填料在一定的施工工艺下能满足路堤工后0沉降的要求。     

桥台地基附加竖向压应力通用计算公式

台后路堤及锥体将在桥台地基中产生附加竖向压应力,它是桥台设计中计算桥台不均匀沉降、桥台前移、桥台桩基侧压力和挠度的关键参数。根据有关力学原理,推导了任一宽度台后路基及锥体引起桥台地基附加竖向压应力的计算公式,解决了现有规范中计算桥台基底附加竖向压力方法只适用于单线铁路路基和查表内插易产生误差的缺点,并易于利用计算机编制程序进行计算。     

红砂岩路基强夯处理大变形数值模拟方法与效果分析

针对红砂岩路基难以压实的特性,采用强夯方法,提高红砂岩路基压实度。基于强夯处理红砂岩路基的现场试验,采用显示动力有限元程序LS-DYNA建立强夯三维模型,对强夯的动力响应进行了数值模拟,研究了强夯作用下红砂岩碎石土路堤的应力-应变变化规律,得到了强夯后土体的应力场、位移场,并与现场试验结果进行了对比,分析了强夯加固红砂岩路基的作用机制及有关夯击参数的取值方法,认为直径为2 m的夯锤在1 200 kN•m夯击能作用下的有效影响深度为4～6 m,锤间距（中心距）不宜大于3.5 m。