跨界的城市增长--以江阴经济开发区靖江园区为例

近年来,长江三角洲的一些城市出现了资源耗竭或紧缺的问题．由此引发了城市间合作共建工业区和开发区的新现象。因为在此类工业园区中也往往伴随着行政管理权力在合作城市之间的转移．所以这种城市合作的创新可以被视作跨界的城市增长。本研究在增长联盟的理论视角下对江阴经济开发区靖江园区的跨界城市增长进行了研究．深入探讨了各级地方政府、企业、地方媒体和农民四种参与者在联盟形成中的作用和互动。研究在理论上证实了城市尺度以上增长联盟的存在．丰富了增长联盟理论、在对中国城市政治的研究上．研究发现地方政府和企业结成的增长联盟已经在中国城市中出现。同时．农民结成的反增长联盟也在不断壮大,这主要是由于土地征用、缺乏就业机会和不合理的拆迁安置造成的。江阴-靖江的经验与问题也将为其他城市的跨界发展提供借鉴。     

粉煤灰填筑高速公路路堤的可行性研究

粉煤灰具有自重轻、抗剪强度高、抗压性能好、渗透性能好固结快、容量大技术要求低等优点。作为高速公路路基填料可同时解决其存放占地及高速公路路堤填土需征地的问题。此项施工中应充分利用粉煤灰的活性、在最佳含水量下压实及采用相应措施加强排水.     

洞庭湖的调节作用对荆江径流的影响

洞庭湖对荆江径流有高效率的调节作用。根据长系列水文资料分析表明,荆江径流经调节后,年平均径流量,汛期径流量与汛枯期径流比分别减少了２６．３％、３２．９％与３２．４％,年平均径流量与汛期径流量均呈沿程递减。这些在长江干流都是独一无二的。下荆江的流量最大变化幅度系数Ｑｋ为０．８９２,在长江干流属最小。     

Development and validation of p‐y modeling approach for seismic response predictions of highway bridges

This study aims to realistically simulate the seismic responses of typical highway bridges in California with considerations of soil–structure interaction effects. The p‐y modeling approaches are developed and validated for embankments and pile foundations of bridges. The p‐y approach models the lateral and vertical foundation flexibility with distributed p‐y springs and associated t‐z and q‐z springs. Building upon the existing p‐y models for pile foundations, the study develops the nonlinear p‐y springs for embankments based on nonlinear 2D and 3D continuum finite element analysis under passive loading condition along both longitudinal and transverse directions. Closed‐form expressions are developed for two key parameters, the ultimate resistant force p_ult and the displacement y₅₀, where 0.5p_ult is reached, of embankment p‐y models as functions of abutment geometry (wall width and height, embankment fill height, etc.) and soil material properties (wall‐soil friction angle, soil friction angle, and cohesion). In order to account for the kinematic and site responses, depth‐varying ground motions are derived and applied at the free‐end of p‐y springs, which reflects the amplified embankment crest motion. The modeling approach is applied to simulate the seismic responses of the Painter Street Bridge and validated through comparisons with the recorded responses during the 1992 Petrolia earthquake. It is demonstrated that the flexibility and motion amplification at end abutments are the most crucial modeling aspects. The developed p‐y models and the modeling approach can effectively predict the seismic responses of highway bridges. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于历史地图与遥感影像的近百年来长江荆江段河道演变

基于实测的军事地形图和Landsat遥感影像,重建了20世纪30年代至2015年的近百年长江荆江段河道演变空间数据集,并以此为基础使用计盒维数法在ArcGIS 10.2平台上测算得出河道分形维数近百年来的变化过程。研究表明：荆江河道具有明显的分形特征,河道分维数值在1.074 7~1.049 1之间变动,平均值为1.061 3。近百年来荆江河道演变可以划分为2个阶段：20世纪30~50年代和1976~2015年,其分维均值分别为1.074 3和1.052 6。近百年来荆江河道处于逐渐趋于稳定的过程中。各时间断面下荆江的分维值都高于上荆江,下荆江的河流复杂程度大于上荆江,且荆江河道分维的变化主要取决于下荆江。近百年来荆江河道分维下降的原因主要是1949年后荆江河道大规模治理和人工截弯取直。     

Modeling of embankment beneath marine deposited soft sensitive clays considering straightforward creep degradation

Abstract

One method straightforwardly describing the creep degradation behavior of soft marine clay is proposed and applied to the embankment modeling. Based on the experimental phenomena, the evolution of creep coefficient of soft structured clay is identified comparing with reconstituted clay, and formulated using the creep coefficient of reconstituted clay and a creep-based structure parameter relating to the inter-particle bonding. The contributions of inter-particle bonding and debonding to creep coefficient are thus considered and the creep degradation behavior is then captured straightforwardly. The creep coefficient is extended to 3D and incorporated into a newly developed elasto-viscoplastic model to describe the creep degradation in a direct way. Based on the correlations, the liquid limit is adopted as the viscosity related input parameter. The model is derived using Newton–Raphson algorithm and implemented into a Finite Element code for coupled consolidation analysis. The general applicability on creep degradation of the model is validated by simulating 1D creep, 1D CRS (constant strain rate) and 3D undrained creep tests. Finally, the enhanced model considering creep degradation is applied and validated by simulating one test embankment and one test fill on marine deposited soft sensitive clays.     

Dynamic behavior of the Qinghai-Tibetan railway embankment in permafrost regions under trained-induced vertical loads

The unfrozen water content and ice content of frozen soil change continuously with varying temperatures, resulting in the temperature dependence of mechanical properties of frozen soil. Thus the dynamic behavior of embankment in permafrost regions under train loading also alters with seasons. Based on a series of strong-motion tests that were carried out on the traditional embankment of Qinghai-Tibet Railway(QTR) in permafrost regions, the acceleration waveforms recorded at the embankment shoulder and slope toes were obtained. Testing results show an obvious attenuation effect on the vertical train loading from road shoulder to slope toes. Furthermore, numerical simulations of a traditional embankment under vertical train loading in different seasons were conducted, and the dynamic behavior of the embankment was described. The results show that the vibration attenuation in the cold season is greater than that in the warm season. The maximum acceleration of vibration drops to about 5% when the train vibration load is transferred through the embankment into the permafrost, and the high-frequency components are absorbed when the vibration transmits downward. Moreover, the dynamic stress under the dynamic train loading decreases exponentially with an increasing depth in different seasons. The results can be a reference for design and maintenance of embankments in permafrost regions.     

高填方加筋黄土路堤稳定性的有限元分析

采用有限元法对国内最高(62 m)的山西北张沟加筋黄土高填路堤稳定性进行了数值模拟,对其最大主应力、最小主应力、剪应力和塑性破坏区及其变形进行了计算,然后将其计算结果与未加筋路堤相比较,得出高填方加筋黄土路堤及地基变形特性和应力特性的变化规律。结果表明,由于加筋的作用,降低了黄土高路堤的变形,提高了其稳定性。这与现场沉降观测结果基本一致。     

胜利油田孤东海堤外侧海底地形特征与变化分析

K10(总理台)~K16海堤是孤东海堤重点防护岸段。通过2004年5月、2005年5月以及2005年12月三次测量资料和资料比较分析,K10~K16海堤近岸,距堤百米内水深一般小于5m,有些地段受水动力作用形成冲刷凹坑及沟槽。但海底地形变化在不同的地段是不同的,且冲淤变化差异明显。从K13~K16之间水深地形变化较微弱,K14附近局部略有淤积。K12附近及沿堤以南地段出现强侵蚀岸段,距离岸堤20m左右处,顺堤形成水深7m左右的强侵蚀地形沟槽,严重威胁孤东海堤的安全。因此,分析研究该段地形变化,可以为该段海堤防护提供最佳对策。     

Embankment deformation analyzed by elastoplastic damage model coupling consolidation theory

The deformation of embankment has serious influences on neighboring structure and infrastructure. A trial embankment is reanalyzed by elastoplastic damage model coupling Biot's consolidation theory. With the increase in time of loading, the damage accumulation becomes larger. Under the centre and toe of embankment, damage becomes serious. Under the centre of embankment, vertical damage values are bigger than horizontal ones. Under the toe of embankment, horizontal damage values are bigger than vertical ones.