2003年11月份日全食期间“创新一号”卫星母线电压异常的诱因分析

对2003年11月份发生在南极附近地区的日食事件进行了扼要介绍；利用STK软件，对日食事件进行了仿真计算，分析了造成11月23日日全食发生期间，CX-1卫星的母线电压异常的诱因.基于CX-1的最新轨道数据，利用STK软件，仿真了2004年CX-1卫星面临的日食事件，并给出了详细的时间表.     

大气环流创新模式-内外因耦合及三维地转平衡的全球大气环流模式和中尺度特大暴雨模式研究设想

 本文概述了大气环流创新模式方面的构思.     

区域性地图集的设计创意——以《江苏省可持续发展地图集》为例

信息时代的地图集编制无论在理论上还是在实践上都有着巨大的创新空间。区域地图集旨在反映区域的主要特征,为区域研究和决策提供依据。在区域性综合地图集的设计中,我们把区域可持续发展的观念作为切入点,运用综合制图的概念对区域相关数据进行信息重组和数据挖掘,从而体现现代地图功能飘移的思路。同时应用数字地图集编制系统,为地图集数据的更新,多方利用创造条件。     

Variations in approaches to urban climate adaptation: Experiences and experimentation from the global South

In recent years, an increasing number of local governments are recognizing the impact of climate change on different urban sectors. This has led many to pursue climate adaptation planning, seeking to achieve preparedness through reducing vulnerability and enhancing resilience of populations, assets, and municipal operations. Although cities typically share these common goals, many are electing to pursue different planning approaches. In this paper, we examine three climate adaptation planning approaches in the cities of Quito (Ecuador), Surat (India), and Durban (South Africa) and analyze the trade-offs associated with different planning pathways and different forms of stakeholder involvement. We assess the potentials and limitations of these different approaches, including their implications for enhancing government integration and coordination, promoting participation and adaptive capacity of vulnerable groups, and facilitating overall urban resilience. We find that, in order to gain widespread commitment on adaptation, sustained political leadership from the top, departmental engagement, and continued involvement from a variety of stakeholders are integral to effective decision-making and institutionalization of programs in the long run. When climate adaptation is advanced with a focus on learning, awareness, and capacity building, the process will likely lead to more sustained, legitimate, and comprehensive adaptation plans and policies that enhance the resilience of the most affected urban areas and residents.     

Framing the application of adaptation pathways for rural livelihoods and global change in eastern Indonesian islands

In developing countries adaptation responses to climate and global change should be integrated with human development to generate no regrets, co-benefit strategies for the rural poor, but there are few examples of how to achieve this. The adaptation pathways approach provides a potentially useful decision-making framework because it aims to steer societies towards sustainable futures by accounting for complex systems, uncertainty and contested multi-stakeholder arenas, and by maintaining adaptation options. Using Nusa Tenggara Barat Province, Indonesia, as an example we consider whether generic justifications for adaptation pathways are tenable in the local context of climate and global change, rural poverty and development. Interviews and focus groups held with a cross-section of provincial leaders showed that the causes of community vulnerability are indeed highly complex and dynamic, influenced by 20 interacting drivers, of which climate variability and change are only two. Climate change interacts with population growth and ecosystem degradation to reduce land, water and food availability. Although poverty is resilient due to corruption, traditional institutions and fatalism, there is also considerable system flux due to decentralisation, modernisation and erosion of traditional culture. Together with several thresholds in drivers, potential shocks and paradoxes, these characteristics result in unpredictable system trajectories. Decision-making is also contested due to tensions around formal and informal leadership, corruption, community participation in planning and female empowerment. Based on this context we propose an adaptation pathways approach which can address the proximate and systemic causes of vulnerability and contested decision-making. Appropriate participatory processes and governance structures are suggested, including integrated livelihoods and multi-scale systems analysis, scenario planning, adaptive co-management and ‘livelihood innovation niches’. We briefly discuss how this framing of adaptation pathways would differ from one in the developed context of neighbouring Australia, including the influence of the province's island geography on the heterogeneity of livelihoods and climate change, the pre-eminence and rapid change of social drivers, and the necessity to ‘leap-frog’ the Millennium Development Goals by mid-century to build adaptive capacity for imminent climate change impacts.     

Climate policy innovation: The adoption and diffusion of adaptation policies across Europe

Climate change adaptation governance is in flux. Adaptation policies are being adopted by governments at a rapid pace, particularly in Europe. In the period 2005–2010, the total number of recorded adaptation policy measures in the EU grew by some 635%. Despite the plethora of work on adaptation governance, few if any empirical studies have been conducted that explore the driving forces behind the rapid adoption and diffusion of adaptation policies. Working within the theoretical framework of national policy innovation (see Jordan and Huitema, 2014a, Jordan and Huitema, 2014b), we draw on a uniquely systematic database of national climate polices to develop a set of hypotheses on the drivers and barriers surrounding the adoption and diffusion of climate change adaptation policies across 29 European countries. Using an internal/external model we postulate that adaptation is largely being driven by internal factors. Additionally, we look to the possible effects of this policy adoption and diffusion to see if adaptation is emerging into a new and distinct policy field. What we find is that indeed it could be in a handful of countries.     

创新土地储备机制 助力低效用地再开发

土地储备机制的建立对调控土地市场、提高土地资源合理配置、增加政府财政收入等方面发挥了重要作用。在当前各地大力推进低效用地再开发的形势下,通过对嘉兴市实地调研,分析土地储备机制的优势、面临的机遇和挑战,探讨如何通过拓展土地收购储备方式、创新土地储备机制来深化土地储备制度,更有效地解决低效用地再开发中的难点和问题,确保低效用地再开发依规、有序地推进。     

海洋科学和技术协同发展的回顾

简单回顾百余年来现代海洋科学的发展历程,并用一系列的实例,如深海取样和深海钻探,遥测遥感和水下观测,锚碇长期连续测量和智能水下活动平台,深潜技术和海底观测网等,说明科学的想像能促进技术的创新,而工具的重大改进能导致科学理解的跃进.文章的目的是向我国学术界和管理部门说明:科学和技术必须协同、而不是分头发展,只有两者的结合...     

建立测绘技术创新体系的探讨

从创新和创新体系的概念出发 ,着重介绍测绘技术创新的重要性 ,提出了建立测绘技术创新体系的一系列对策和措施。     

基于Topsis法的区域创新系统的有效性评价——以中部六省为例

区域创新系统的运行融合了区域经济发展的各个主体,促使创新资源在各个主体间流动,并最终产生知识的创新与成果的转化。但由于创新环境的不完善,这个过程中存在着市场失效的的现象。导致创新资源有时并不按照市场的规则来执行资源的分配与利用。本文运用Topsis法,在考虑环境对创新系统的影响下对中部六省各个区域创新系统的有效性运行进行了分析。