三维感应测井响应计算的交错网格有限差分法

应用交错网格有限差分法计算三维复杂环境中的感应测井响应. 其中，利用Krylov子空间不变性求解离散得到的大型稀疏复对称线性方程组. 在构造Krylov子空间时使用其系数矩阵的伪逆以改善迭代的收敛性. 迭代中，使用不完全Cholesky分解共轭梯度法求解4个三维Poisson方程以得到新的Lanczos向量. 通常迭代不超过20次可得到理想结果. 另外，提出一种新的物质平均公式以计算电导率平均值，可保证电流守恒.     

大功率激电法在越南苗王县锑矿区的应用

大功率激电法在越南锑矿勘探中应用,异常局部地段已经工程验证,见到具规模的工业矿体,取得较好的地质找矿效果。     

Fundamentals about the flow of geomagnetically induced currents in a power system applicable to estimating space weather risks and designing remedies

Geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) in technological systems, like electric power transmission grids, at the Earth's surface are caused by space weather processes, whose origin is in the Sun. In power systems, transformers may be saturated due to GIC leading to different problems extending from an increase of harmonics to a blackout of the system and damage of transformers. To design reasonable measures against impending problems, GIC magnitudes in the network should be estimated in different circumstances. This paper tackles basic features of GIC flow in a fictitious five-transformer/four-line power system, which is simple enough to make the equations easily manageable but complex enough to yield real and usable information. It is shown that the direction of the geoelectric field affects GIC at different sites but the dependence is not straightforward since GIC produced in one part of the system flows to others. Generally, transmission lines experience much larger GIC than transformers. Series capacitors in transmission lines prevent the flow of dc-like GIC but, without a careful analysis, their installation may result in larger GIC at some transformers of the system thus increasing the risk of problems.     

用并矢Green函数的矢量本征函数展开式模拟随钻感应测井仪器的响应

采用圆柱坐标系下完纯导电劈模型的磁流源并矢Green函数的矢量本征函数展开式计算钻铤V型槽内随钻感应测井仪器的响应.计算发现,V型槽张角的变化对电磁场不同分量的影响规律不同.若只采用传统的感应测井仪器,V型槽的张角可尽量小一些以最大限度地增加信号强度.若采用多分量感应测井仪器,需对V型槽张角的取值进行折衷考虑.由于在具有不同张角的V型槽内接收信号的强度不同,在对地层视电导率进行刻度时需根据V型槽张角确定标准值.计算还发现,电磁场不同分量对方位角的依赖程度不同,侵入带电导率对不同分量接收信号的影响程度也不同,因而不同分量接收信号的径向探测深度不同.     

水平层状介质孔中张量瞬变电磁响应的解析分析

在感应测井和瞬变电磁场理论基础上, 采用并矢格林函数计算三维感应测井中的9个谐变场分量, 应用余弦变换数值滤波法将磁张量转换到时间域, 得到孔中时间域张量电磁场理论公式, 提出了孔中时间域电磁张量测量方法.建立了竖井井旁层状介质模型和钻遇地层模型, 从理论上获得了井中不同深度处的时间域电磁张量响应, 初步验证了该方法在井旁远探和随钻前探中的可行性.研究结果表明: 孔中测点所处深度越深需要的采样时间窗口越宽; 与z相关的感应电位分量对目标层的识别能力更高, 可以作为井旁远探的首选参数; xx分量和zz分量异常响应较为明显, 可分别作为随钻前探的首选分量和辅助分量.多测道曲线和截距剖面能明显反映出目标层界面特征, 可以为资料处理与解释提供帮助.此外, zz分量可识别出高阻目标层, 显示出了方法的另一优势.研究成果可为电磁张量测井技术与装备研发提供理论参考.

     

Determination of the 3D structure of an earthflow by geophysical methods: The case of Super Sauze, in the French southern Alps

In order to evaluate the risk associated by an earthflow to abruptly evolve into a torrential flow, the knowledge of its internal structure is necessary. Geotechnical methods are important to reach this goal. However, because of the rough topography associated with earthflows, their surface heterogeneities, and the spatial variations of the thickness of the potentially moving mass, non-intrusive geophysical methods offer a very useful tool that complements traditional geotechnical methods. We report the results of a comprehensive study covering a 150 m by 200 m area of the Super Sauze earthflow. This earthflow developed in black marls in the southern French Alps. Shallow electrical conductivity investigations, derived using low frequency domain electromagnetics, maps hidden gullies and crests and lateral variations of the clay and the water content within the first 5 m below the ground surface. Electrical resistivity tomography allows to extrapolate this information down to 10 m below the ground surface along selected transects. The vertical structure of the earthflow, down to the substratum, is defined precisely thanks to joint inversion of DC and TDEM vertical soundings along one profile: the flowing upper layer and the position of the substratum are clearly evidenced. Combining this geophysical datasets with geotechnical tests and drill holes, we provide an estimate of both the location and the volume of the potentially most dangerous areas of the earthflow.     

Induction of auroral zone electric currents within the Alaska pipeline

The Alaskar pipeline is a highly conducting anomaly extending 800 miles (1300 km) from about 62° to 69° geomagnetic latitude beneath the most active regions of the ionospheric electrojet current. The spectral behavior of the magnetic field from this current was analyzed using data from standard geomagnetic observatories to establish the predictable patterns of temporal and spatial changes for field pulsation periods between 5 min and 4 hr. Such behavior is presented in a series of tables, graphs and formulae. Using 2- and 3-layer models of the conducting earth, the induced electric fields associated with the geomagnetic changes were established. From the direct relationship of the current to the geomagnetic field variation patterns one can infer counterpart temporal and spatial characteristics of the pipeline current. The relationship of the field amplitudes to geomagnetic activity indices,A _p, and the established occurrence of various levels ofA _p over several solar cycles were employed to show that about half of the time the induced currents in the pipe would be under 1 A for the maximum response oscillatory periods near 1 hr. Such currents should be of minimal consequence in corrosion effects for even a section of the pipeline unprotected by sacrificial electrodes. Of greater interest was the result that the extreme surges of current should reach over one-hundred amperes in the pipeline during high activity.     

Induction Effect and Genetic Analysis of NG to Thallus of Porphyra

The young thalli of Porphyra yezoensis and P. haitanensis are induced by N-Methy-N‘-Nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidine (NG), a strong mutagen to induce the mutant of chromatophore. It is showed that no mutants have been investigated in all control groups,while in the induced groups, it is easy to find mutant cells or mutant cell masses in the thallus.The pigmentation mutants may be the result of NG inducement. The mutant rate increases obviously with the mutagen concentration or by prolonging the induction time. Within the scope of experiment, the inducement effects of Porphyra yezoensis are raised from 11.2% to 28.7%, and those of P. haitanensis from 10.1% to 20.2%. According to our experiments, the amount of mutant cells in the same area does not increase with the induction intensity The amount of mutant cells in every group of inducement of both species of Porphyra changes very little with the fixed fields check method. The lowest dose (25μg/mL) of this experiment has a high mutant rate. The mutant rate shows the percentage of mutant cells in all the survived cells, while the amount of mutant cells reflects the effect of inducement. Thus the optimum induction concentration of NG is 25μg/mL, and the optimum induction time is 30minutes.     

感应-横向组合测井联合反演及多解性研究

电阻率测井反演问题解的局部收敛性和非唯一性增加了测井解释的难度，影响了实际的应用，把测量原理迥异的感应型和电流型测井结果联合起来反演，是减小这些影响的有效方法，利用经测井理论和反演技术，建立了适用感应－横向组合测井响应的联合演算法，研究了单一的横向测井反演的感应－横向联合反演的局部收敛性、非唯一性及解的偏差，结果表明，联合反演更有利于同时确定地层电阻率、侵入半径和侵入带电阻率，当初值地较大范围内变化时，反演结果均能在真值或真值附近收敛，改善了反演结果的局部收敛性，增加了反演结果的可信度，避免了差异较大乃至相互矛盾的解，现场实例证实了这一结论。