城市演进角度下的“涉水”地名文化景观——以福州滨江城区台江区为例

以福州滨江城区台江区为例,探讨历史时期、建国时期和现今时期3个演化阶段“涉水”地名文化景观的变化与城市演进的关系.研究结果表明,从历史时期至今,计有消失地名109个,新增地名78个和保留地名30个,消失比率约为50％;反映商业经济业态、方言特色和居住环境的定名方式也随之消失,取而代之的是类似的“城市化”地名,这亦是滨江地域文化的流失.现今“涉水”地名文化景观分别以保留地名与内河体系为增长“极核”和“扩展轴”,两者的叠加效应致使其重心向东迁移.现今地名加快的更新过程折射出城市演进和扩展速度超过建国时期和历史     

Large scale failure of the external waste dump at the “South Field” lignite mine, Northern Greece

This paper presents the failure process of the external waste dump of the South Field Mine, the major open pit mine in Greece. The waste materials of the mine were deposited in three phases, forming an average inclination slope 10% and a total height of 110 m from the ground surface. The failure occurred when the third phase of the deposit was initiated. The high moisture content of the waste materials and their deposition over a spring, choking its flow, had as a result the development of high pore water pressure in clayey and marly materials in the base of the deposit. As a consequence, a large scale slope failure incident occurred. The landslide involved the mobilization of waste material in the order of 40 Mm³, while the material that moved outside the boundaries of the waste dump was in the order of 2.5 Mm³. The stability of the waste dump was investigated using the limit equilibrium analysis and different types of models.Limit equilibrium analyses were performed using different methods and considering the clay layer of small shear resistance that exists in the base of the deposit. They do not indicate activation of failure mechanism, only that there is a combination of high pore water pressure that developed in the deposit because the covering of the spring with the clayey materials of the dump.     

GeoInterface——现实世界与网络世界的接口

IP(Internet protocol),就是一台固定/移动终端在登陆网络世界的身份证。而该终端所处的地理空间,则是其在现实世界的定位。那么,是否存在这样的一种方式,可以把现实世界与网络世界匹配起来呢?本文详细分析IP地址的分配方式以及IP地址与空间地理实体的各种对应方式。基于这些对应方式并在借鉴了国内外一些成功的数据库经验的基础上,提出了一种新的数据库建库方式—GeoInterface,探讨将现实世界中的地理坐标和网络空间中的虚拟地址进行匹配的可能性.。文中对GeoInterface的数据获取方式、实现手段以及数据库的建立和维护程序都做了较详细的说明。     

Assessment of gully erosion rates through interviews and measurements: a case study from northern Ethiopia

Gullying has been widespread in the Ethiopian Highlands during the 20th century. It threatens the soil resource, lowers crop yields in intergully areas through enhanced drainage and desiccation, and aggravates flooding and reservoir siltation. Knowing the age and rates of gully development during the last few decades will help explain the reasons for current land degradation. In the absence of historical written or photographic documentation, the AGERTIM method (Assessment of Gully Erosion Rates Through Interviews and Measurements) has been developed. It comprises measurements of contemporary gully volumes, monitoring of gully evolution over several years and semi‐structured interview techniques. Gully erosion rates in the Dogu'a Tembien District, Tigray, Ethiopia, were estimated in three representative case‐study areas. In Dingilet, gullying started around 1965 after gradual environmental changes (removal of vegetation from cropland in the catchment and eucalyptus plantation in the valley bottom); rill‐like incisions grew into a gully, which increased rapidly in the drier period between 1977 and 1990. The estimated evolution of the total gully volume in the other areas show patterns similar to those of the Dingilet gully. Average gully erosion rate over the last 50 years is 6·2 t ha^?1 a^?1. Since 1995, no new gullies have developed in the study area. Area‐specific short‐term gully erosion rates are now on average 1·1 t ha^?1 a^?1. The successful application of the AGERTIM method requires an understanding of the geomorphology of the study area and an integration of the researchers with the rural society. It reveals that rapid gully development in the study area is some 50 years old and is mainly caused by human‐induced environmental degradation. Under the present‐day conditions of ‘normal’ rain and catchment‐wide soil and water conservation, gully erosion rates are decreasing. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

物探技术在布敦乌拉隐伏矿产勘查中的应用效果

内蒙古西乌珠穆沁旗布敦乌拉矿区多为第四系覆盖。在该矿区多金属勘查中,依据土壤地球化学圈定的矿化异常布置激电中梯测量,圈定1处激发极化率异常区,长度约890m,宽度约520m,位于已知断层F 1与推断断层F 2之间。采用可控源音频大地电磁测深剖面对该激电异常进行探测,解释视充电率多峰异常与反演电阻率高低跳跃对应区域为矿致异常区。通过钻探验证,发现银多金属矿床资源储量523.93万t,取得了良好的地质找矿效果。     

The Relationship between Narratives,Wildlife Value Orientations,Attitudes, and Policy Preferences

Overabundance of white-tailed deer is a pervasive problem across the United States. Deer are blamed for increased risk of auto accidents, tick-borne diseases, and overbrowsing of native species. Lethal management techniques, cited as cost-effective and humane, are commonly employed for herd management. However, the approach frequently sparks outrage among various stakeholders who feel killing of animals is unjustified and prefer nonlethal measures. Wildlife managers then face the challenge of communicating with the public to build policy support for lethal management. The Narrative Policy Framework was used to test the effects of differing narratives on public opinion for lethal deer management. Results indicated narratives were influential in shifting attitudes toward and support for a proposed sharpshooting policy even in some cases where respondents were already familiar with the issue and held a previous opinion. This study also supported the utility of the Narrative Policy Framework for examining human dimensions of wildlife issues.     

基于LabView的松科2井项目管理系统

松科二井2013年正式启动,2018年5月完井,历时6年,最终井深7018 m。项目执行过程中,形成合同700多个、文件200多个、汇款流水1000多笔、报账流水1600多笔。针对松科二井合同、文件繁多,财务流程繁杂,涉及项目多的特点,基于LabVIEW平台设计了一套项目管理系统。该系统可全程记录松科二井上述合同、文件、汇款和报账信息,建立合同及对应批次汇款和报销的勾稽关系,具有模糊查询、修改、超链接等功能。     

水资源管理模式评述与展望

导致我国水资源利用效率低下和水危机产生的根本原因,并不完全在于水资源的短缺及缺少节水技术和污水处理循环利用技术,而在很大程度上归因于缺乏一种能够有效地促进水资源高效配置和节约用水的水资源管理模式。因此,建立一种科学合理和高效的水资源管理模式是我国水资源管理制度改革与创新的关键所在,也是我国建设水资源节约型社会的一项重要任务和战略目标。本文重点对国内外常见的几种主要的水资源管理模式的内涵及其管理手段和功能特征等进行了比较分析和研究,在此基础上,探讨了我国水资源管理模式的创新与发展思路,初步提出：建立以流域为单元的水资源生态系统综合管理模式是我国未来水资源管理制度改革的重要发展方向。     

三峡工程建成后枯水期运行的气候风险研究

通过蒙特卡罗试验, 探讨了三峡工程建成后枯水期运行风险的评估方法。以GCM模拟试验结果为未来气候情景, 随机模拟了三峡地区在该气候情景下枯水期月降水量分布; 建立了三峡地区月径流-降水模型和三峡水库调度模型; 初步分析了长江三峡工程建成后在当前气候背景和可能未来气候情景下的运行风险。结果表明, 三峡水库的运行对气候变化反应敏感, 春季和冬季的发电风险有明显改变。     

煤矿地质信息系统

介绍了煤矿地质信息、系统的构成、各模块的性能、功能、自动绘图中各个技术难点的解决方法和途径以及系统的运行环境。该系统是地质测量信息系统中的地质子系统。它是在现有微机环境下开发的集数据管理、统计计算、制表、绘图、辅助决策于一体的计算机地质信息管理系统。