Groundwater hydrochemistry of a sugarcane cultivation belt in parts of Muzaffarnagar district, Uttar Pradesh, India

The Kali-Hindon is a watershed in the most productive central Ganga plain of India. The whole area is a fertile track with sugarcane being the principal crop. Systematic sampling was carried out to assess the source of dissolved ions, impact of sugar factories and the quality of groundwater. Thirty-six samples were collected covering an area of 395 km². The quality of groundwater is suitable for irrigational purposes but is rich in SO₄ which is not best for human consumption. Graphical treatment of major ion chemistry helps identify six chemical types of groundwater. All possible species such as Na–Cl, K–Cl, Na–HCO₃, Na–SO₄, Ca–HCO₃, Mg–HCO₃, Ca–SO₄ and Mg–SO₄ are likely to occur in the groundwater system. The most conspicuous change in chemistry of groundwater is relative enrichment of SO₄. The interpretation of data reveals that SO₄ has not been acquired through water–rock interaction. The source of SO₄ is anthropogenic. Sugar factories alone are responsible for this potential environmental hazard.     

Hydrogeological and hydrochemical features of an area polluted by heavy metals in central Nicaragua

Geophysical and hydrochemical surveys were used to investigate the hydrogeological conditions in one of the Río Sucio microbasins, in central Nicaragua. Zones of vertical structures (i.e. fractures and quartz veins) and weathering were mapped using Continuous Vertical Electrical Soundings (CVES), as such zones are of major importance for groundwater transport. Water from the springs was analysed to determine concentrations of major ions and heavy metals. Low ion concentrations and ¹⁸O analyses indicate that the springs occur close to their recharge areas and there is a relatively rapid groundwater circulation. Mercury (Hg) content in the springs was low, while comparatively high amounts of lead (Pb) were found. The results presented here demonstrate the important function of weathering and tectonics in the occurrence of groundwater systems in the basin. Hg and Pb found in the springs’ water reveal the existence of an increase in pollution sources disseminating in the area. More than 100 years of using mercury in the gold-mining industry and releasing wastes into rivers has affected water quality and ecosystems. Further investigations are needed in this area to determine the groundwater vulnerability to this pollution as this resource may be needed in the future.The online version of the original article can be found at     

Origine des eaux des émergences karstiques chlorurées du Languedoc-Roussillon

The origin of chloride-rich karstic spring waters representative of the Languedoc-Roussillon region has been investigated with a hydrochemical approach. To this end, the major and trace elements most often used in the study of saline environments have been considered (Cl, SO₄, Br, B, Li). This study allowed distinguishing the different end-members of the various chloride-rich karstic spring waters (evaporitic, marine, geothermal). Associated with the Cl, Br and B contents, the Li/SO₄ ratio appeared as a relevant tracer for the determination of the origin of lithium and by extension of the considered waters. To cite this article: O. Hébrard et al., C. R. Geoscience 338 (2006).     

关于水化学中几个问题的探讨

该文就水化学研究中所涉及的碳酸平衡与温度的关系、方解石等碳酸盐岩矿物溶解度与温度的关系、pH值控制下方解石、白云石的溶解产物、矿物实测溶解度大于计算溶解度、Cl^-的络合物、浅海环境下形成方解石矿物、舒卡列夫水化学式的改进建议等问题进行了分析与解释,并提出一些看法、认识及建议。     

Geological characteristics and analysis of hydrothermal genesis in the Suijiang-1 well in Yunnan Province,China

The geothermal water hydrochemistry and isotopic characteristics of boreholes in the Suijiang-1 well in Yunnan Province were studied based on the actual drilling geology, regional geological structure and hydrogeological conditions. The analysis results show that the geothermal water is SO4-Ca?Mg type, the recharge elevation is 1 381-1 646 m, the recharge source is atmospheric precipitation, the geothermal reservoir temperature is 42-45 ℃, and the geothermal water is controlled by lithology and geological structure conditions of study area. Atmospheric precipitation enters the groundwater circulation system through the surface karst form of the Wujiaobao anticline, northwest-southeast tensile faults, fissures and karst depression, and geothermal water formed through the rising deep cycle water temperature, then blocked by the double rivers’ fault zone and drilling explosion.     

贵州普定后寨地下河流域岩溶水特征研究

岩溶地区由于独特的地貌地质结构,其岩溶水特也具有特殊性和复杂性,以贵州普定后寨地下河流域为例,从岩溶水形成机制出发,通过脉冲试验和降雨天然脉冲分析,论述了流域岩溶水水文特征、水化学特征以及其与流域贮水结构、地貌地质结构的相线关系以及隙流水和管流水的转化关系,这对非均一含水介质岩溶水运动研究、岩溶水文模拟及岩水资源开发利用均有一定的参考意义。     

Groundwater and lake evolution in the Badain Jaran Desert ecosystem, Inner Mongolia

The amount and timing of aquifer recharge and the evolution of lakes and groundwater in the south-eastern Badain Jaran desert of Inner Mongolia, with high megadunes, has been investigated using stable isotopes and hydrochemistry. Unsaturated zone moisture profiles down to 22 m have recorded recharge over 1185 years. Small but finite amounts of recharge are recorded with mean recharge rates of 0.95-1.33 mm year^?1, determined using a chloride mass balance technique. The unsaturated profile also acts as a unique archive of hydrological and climate change. Before 1300, it was relatively dry but distinct wet periods may be recognised during 1340-1450, 1500-1610 and 1710-1820. Since the mid 1800s, the climate shows a trend towards greater aridity. The interdune lakes are generally fresh but locally, hypersaline lakes are found in juxtaposition. This implies that in general, the lakes have low residence times and flow back into the dune system, but sedimentary obstruction locally prevents outflow and extreme evaporation occurs. The stable isotope records show that the lakes are fed by palaeowaters which on the basis of other proxy data must predate the Last Glacial Maximum. Their recharge source is problematic but most likely this derives from a diminishing water table extending some 30 m south to the Yabulai Mountains.     

生态补水对白洋淀流域地表水和地下水水化学特征的影响

生态补水是维持和改善白洋淀生态环境的重要途径.为研究生态补水对白洋淀水环境的影响,分别在补水前与补水后采集淀水、河水及地下水样品,分析区域地表水和地下水水化学特征.结果表明：（1）白洋淀补水前、后地表水与地下水的水化学组成中Na⁺为主要阳离子,补水后阴离子以HCO₃^-为主,淀区南部地表水电导率高;补水后地表水与地下水Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺和HCO₃^-浓度显著增加,水体电导率降低.（2）补水前地下水为Na-HCO₃型水,地表水主要为Na-Cl·SO₄及Na-Cl·HCO₃类型;补水后地表水与浅层地下水向Ca·Mg-HCO₃型演化,深层地下水水化学类型基本保持不变.（3）生态补水使白洋淀水位升高,淀区水面积增大,缓解了水资源短缺的问题;同时也使浅层地下水水化学组成发生改变,而深层地下水暂未受到影响.生态补水后,受稀释和混合作用的影响,水体Na⁺、Cl^-和SO₄^2-浓度显著下降,Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺及HCO₃^-浓度增加.在白洋淀生态补水中应"先治污,后补水",以减少补水过程中污染物向淀区的运移,还应注意区域地下水位上升过程中的阳离子交换及水岩相互作用,为合理调配生态补水及改善白洋淀生态环境提供科学依据.     

准噶尔盆地玛湖-盆1井西复合含油气系统侏罗系地下水动力场的形成与演化

油气运移、聚集与地下水动力场的形成和演化密切相关,随着盆地的形成与演化,地下水动力场也有形成、发展和消亡的过程。准噶尔盆地玛湖—盆1井西复合含油气系统侏罗系现今地下水动力场具有不对称性:西北缘和陆梁隆起以北地区发育向心流,凹陷内地下水动力表现为滞流,仅在莫索湾凸起及其以南地区发育弱离心流。研究区侏罗系地下水化学分布表明在盆1井西地区曾发育离心流,结合盆地沉积演化分析,研究区侏罗系地下水出现滞流的时间应该在古近纪。     

山东省定陶地区富锶土壤地质成因研究

为研究山东省定陶地区土壤富锶的地质成因,更好地规划潜在富锶土壤种植区域,指导农业生产,发展绿色经济,本文在对该区土壤样品的相关元素化验分析的基础上,进行了定陶地区富锶土壤的沉积环境分析、黄河故道变迁分析和水化学分析.通过研究分析发现,土壤中富集的锶非当地风化沉积而成,而是从锶含量较高的区域搬运而来.历史上黄河故道曾流经...