塔里木盆地西部环阿瓦提凹陷区油气勘探前景再认识

塔里木盆地台盆区震旦系到侏罗系的多个目的层中发现油气,显示了其良好的勘探前景。但从东西方向上看,目前发现的油气田主要分布在盆地东部的环满加尔凹陷区。处在盆地西部的环阿瓦提凹陷区尽管投入了一定的勘探工作量,但一直没有重大发现。井下和地面露头资料揭示,环阿瓦提凹陷区具有良好的油气源条件。寒武系—奥陶系碳酸盐岩、志留系—三叠系碎屑岩都是值得重视的勘探目的层。其中碳酸盐岩储层,不仅具有发育礁滩的古地理背景,同时还具有热液改造的条件;对于碎屑岩而言,断层沟通可能是其捕获油气的关键。     

地磁加卸载响应比方法在上海及其邻区地震研究中的应用

本文运用2000—2010年上海佘山台和崇明台地磁场Z分量所计算得到的地磁加卸载响应比资料分析了近11年地磁加卸载响应比对上海及其邻区中小地震的预测分析效果,并对原有的预测指标体系进行了完善。分析结果表明: ① 地磁加卸载响应比值在大于3.4的异常情况下,对上海及其邻区的M_L≥4.0地震预测有一定的指示意义; ② 两个台站的地磁加卸载响应比值随时间的整体变化趋势与上海及其邻区地震活动性的变化有较好的对应关系; ③ 通过小波变换得到,地磁加卸载响应比值与该地区的地震活动性时间序列都存在4.5年的周期变化,且在该周期尺度上位相变化一致性较好。     

塔里木盆地塔北、塔中地区寒武-奥陶系碳酸盐岩中可溶有机组分的碳同位素逆转现象

沉积有机质可溶有机组分的碳同位素组成具有母质继承效应,同时受热力和生物降解作用等因素的影响。利用M AT 252同位素质谱仪分析了塔里木盆地塔北、塔中地区寒武系—奥陶系碳酸盐岩中可溶有机组分的碳同位素组成,发现它们的1δ3C值普遍发生了逆转。饱和烃组分明显富集13C,其1δ3C值的分布区间为-29.7‰~-26.2‰,平均值为-28.5‰,而沥青质组分明显富集12C,其1δ3C值的分布区间为-37.8‰~-27.1‰,平均值为-31.9‰,并且大部分样品的可溶有机组分的1δ3C值出现饱和烃>芳烃>非烃>沥青质的完全反序分布特征。综合分析认为该区寒武系—奥陶系碳酸盐岩中可溶有机组分碳同位素的逆转分布特征主要与热力作用及漫长的热演化史有关,而这种可溶有机组分碳同位素组成完全反序分布模式可以作为沉积有机质在高演化阶段的一个重要的地球化学标志。     

基于地质建造的土壤地质调查及应用前景分析——以大凉山区西昌市为例

为探索适合中—高山区的土壤地质调查方法,选择兼具高寒山区、干热峡谷和中山宽谷盆地等不同地貌单元,以及沉积建造、岩浆建造和变质建造等不同地质建造类型的大凉山区西昌市进行试点研究。本次工作基于地质建造,将西昌市成土母质划分为7大类14个类,土壤地质单元分为31个类,并探讨了他们的互馈机制。研究认为,地质建造是土壤的物质基础,大体控制了土壤的平面分带,而海拔等地理因素则控制土壤的垂向分带。本项研究可为地方政府的规划布局提供数据支持和科学依据,也为高山区的土壤地质调查和生态地质调查提供了思路与范例。     

建立边远地区、少数民族地区城市基础控制网的几个问题——以四川省凉山州城市基础控制网建立及改造项目为例

通过分析边远地区、少数民族地区已有控制网的现状,讨论了在这些地区建立和改造城市基础控制网必须要处理的几个问题：规范性、合法性、前瞻性、统一性。     

海洋命运共同体视域下ABNJ海洋遗传资源的国际治理与中国实践

随着海洋认知加深和海洋生物技术发展,海洋遗传资源已成为全球关注的新兴战略资源,如何开展国家管辖范围以外区域（ABNJ）海洋遗传资源国际治理已经成为国际生物多样性保护领域的热点问题。文章通过梳理国家管辖范围以外区域海洋生物多样性（BBNJ）国际谈判中的大国博弈与争议焦点,尝试从海洋命运共同体视域分析中国参与海洋遗传资源国际治理的模式,提出在坚持“原生境自由获取”原则和坚持“公平合理惠益分享”原则下,深度参与BBNJ第四次政府间大会。加强MGRs获取能力和技术研发能力建设;加强MGRs治理的国际合作;加强海洋涉外谈判人才队伍建设做好“后BBNJ时代”海洋治理准备等对策建议。     

2015年天津市海洋生态红线区海洋环境质量综合评价

文章于2015年夏季对天津市海洋生态红线区的主要海域进行了水质和沉积物环境状况调查。天津市海洋生态红线区海域海水主要受到了无机氮和活性磷酸盐的污染,部分站位化学需氧量、油类和铅等监测因子也超出了第二类海水水质标准的要求。总体上看,红线区海域海水处于中度富营养化状态,富营养化程度的高值区出现在生态红线区北部近岸海域。表层沉积物质量良好,均符合第一类海水沉积物质量标准,红线区海域表层沉积物重金属的潜在生态风险等级处于轻微等级。     

Selection of Test and Reference Areas for the Indian Deepsea Environment Experiment (INDEX)

The Indian Deepsea Environment Experiment (INDEX) was conducted in the Central Indian Ocean Basin, to assess the effects of a simulated disturbance on the marine ecosystem and to collect data to predict the effects of large-scale mining. To select the Test and Reference areas for benthic disturbance, detailed studies were carried out for a better understanding of the topgraphic undulations and nodule distribution in five preselected areas of 10 ×10 nautical miles each. Flat topography was one of the important considerations for selection of the areas, because this would allow further dispersion of sediment plume and offer easier maneuverability of the benthic disturber. Relatively low nodule abundances were also preferred, to prevent clogging of the suction device used for resuspension of sediment. On the basis of morphological analysis and nodule distribution, two areas, T1 and A1, were selected as the best suited pair for the disturbance and monitoring experiment.     

Marine Protected Areas in the Mediterranean Sea: Objectives, Effectiveness and Monitoring

Abstract. The number of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) is continuously increasing worldwide because of the increasing recognition of the profound effects that humans can have on marine systems. A large body of literature deals with marine reserves and their potential as conservation and management tools. In several cases, empirical evidence demonstrated that reserves can harbour greater diversity, higher abundance, and larger organisms than unprotected areas. In most cases, however, reserve design and site selection involved little scientific justification, with no direct test of most of the mechanisms assumed to work in a marine reserve. Field investigations of subtidal marine reserves are generally confounded by intrinsic ecological differences between sites investigated inside and outside reserves, by a lack of site and reserve replication, or by the absence of information about the biota before reserve establishment. This is particularly true in the Mediterranean Sea. The aim of this paper is to show that, at least in the Mediterranean basin, the effectiveness of MPAs has been rarely demonstrated because of lack of appropriate sampling designs. An MPA can be considered as a zone subjected to human impact, presumably a positive one. As a consequence, we propose the use of experimental procedures generally utilised for detecting environmental impacts.     

Geochemistry of heavily exploited aquifers in the Emilia-Romagna region (Po Valley, northern Italy)

 More than 5 800 chemical analyses on water samples collected during 1987–1995 from 528 monitoring wells located in the southernmost part of the Po Valley (Emilia-Romagna region, northern Italy), one of the most urbanized, industrialized and agriculturally developed areas of Italy, have been processed. The analysis of data showed that: (1) waters are discharging from both confined and unconfined aquifers; (2) the water in the unconfined aquifer(s) is Ca(Mg)-HCO₃ in composition while confined ones are Na-Cl and/or Na-(HCO₃); (3) both confined and unconfined aquifer samples have δ¹⁸O and δD isotopic values of meteoric signature; (4) waters from both the aquifers are at least 40 years old; (5) the pumping rate has caused subsidence, particularly where the aquifer(s) is (are) unconfined; (6) the unconfined aquifer(s) is exposed to the risk of NO₃ pollution; (7) considering the present "pressure" (i.e. pumping rate) on this natural environment by human activity, care must be taken in the future to preserve this "strategic" resource. Received: 27 October 1997 · Accepted: 12 March 1998